期刊
CELL HOST & MICROBE
卷 28, 期 1, 页码 23-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.002
关键词
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资金
- UCSF Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research - Sandler Foundation
- Searle Fellowship
- Vallee Foundation
- Innovative Genomics Institute
- NIH Director's Early Independence Award [DP5-OD021344]
- NIH [R01GM127489]
- Ambizione Fellowship (Swiss National Science Foundation) [PZ00P3_174108]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PZ00P3_174108] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
Bacteriophages must rapidly deploy anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) to inactivate the RNA-guided nucleases that enforce CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity in their bacterial hosts. Listeria monocytogenes temperate phages encode up to three anti-Cas9 proteins, with acrIIA1 always present. AcrIIA1 binds and inhibits Cas9 with its C-terminal domain; however, the function of its highly conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) is unknown. Here, we report that the AcrIIA1(NTD) is a critical transcriptional repressor of the strong anti-CRISPR promoter. A rapid burst of anti-CRISPR transcription occurs during phage infection and the subsequent negative feedback by AcrIIA1(NTD) is required for optimal phage replication, even in the absence of CRISPR-Cas immunity. In the presence of CRISPR-Cas immunity, full-length AcrIIA1 uses its two-domain architecture to act as a Cas9 sensor,'' tuning acr expression according to Cas9 levels. Finally, we identify AcrIIA1(NTD) homologs in other Firmicutes and demonstrate that they have been co-opted by hosts as anti-antiCRISPRs,'' repressing phage anti-CRISPR deployment.
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