Classification and identification of bacteria in the soil treated by AcMNPV using high-throughput sequencing technique

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) have been applied in the pesticide prevention as new bioinsecticides. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effects of insecticide on microorganism communities in different environments. However, little is known about whether the pesticides affect the microbial community in soil. Therefore, we performed high-throughput sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes from the bacteria in soil treated with AcMNPV and compared the difference of microbiota in these soil samples. In the study, a total of 80,301 validated reads were obtained, and the bacteria found belonged to 31 phyla and 748 genera. Statistical analysis showed that AcMNPV contributed the growth of Fusobacteria, Tenericutes, Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes. AcMNPV inhibited the growth of Fibrobacteres, Crenarchaeota, Firmicutes, DeinococcusThermus, TM7, Chlorobi, Synergistetes, BRC1, Chlamydiae, Euryarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, Elusimicrobia, Nitrospira, Armatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, WS3, OD1, Chloroflexi, Spirochaetes. AcMNPV had no effect on SR1, OP11, Thermodesulfobacteria, Aquificae. Alpha Diversity analysis showed that the diversity of bacterial community for the soil treated with AcMNPV was lower than that of the soil before treatment or the control group. Meanwhile, the similarity of soil samples from AcMNPV treated group compared with samples from either untreated or prior treatment group was low as shown by Beta Diversity analysis. These findings provide previously unknown information about the impact of AcMNPV on the soil bacterial community structure and also lay a foundation for further investigations of AcMNPV how influences the development and progression of bioinsecticides.