Multiple myeloma: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management

Depth of Response to Daratumumab (DARA), Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (RVd) Improves over Time in Patients (pts) with Transplant-Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM): Griffin Study Update

(2020) Peter M. Voorhees et al.   BLOOD

Cancer statistics, 2020

(2020) Rebecca L. Siegel et al.   CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS

Autologous Transplantation, Consolidation, and Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

(2019) Edward A. Stadtmauer et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

MAIA under the microscope — bringing trial design into focus

(2019) Prashant Kapoor et al.   Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

Once-weekly versus twice-weekly carfilzomib in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis of two phase 1/2 studies

(2019) Sara Bringhen et al.   HAEMATOLOGICA

Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2019) Noopur Raje et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Daratumumab plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for Untreated Myeloma

(2019) Thierry Facon et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study

(2019) Philippe Moreau et al.   LANCET

Surrogate endpoints in randomised controlled trials: a reality check

(2019) Shaji Kumar et al.   LANCET

International myeloma working group consensus recommendations on imaging in monoclonal plasma cell disorders

(2019) Jens Hillengass et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Oral Selinexor–Dexamethasone for Triple-Class Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2019) Ajai Chari et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (ICARIA-MM): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study

(2019) Michel Attal et al.   LANCET

Overall survival with daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (ALCYONE): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

(2019) Maria-Victoria Mateos et al.   LANCET

Belantamab mafodotin for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (DREAMM-2): a two-arm, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study

(2019) Sagar Lonial et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Improvement in Overall Survival With Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2018) David S. Siegel et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Once-weekly carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and low-dose dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory myeloma: a phase I/II study

(2018) Sara Bringhen et al.   LEUKEMIA

Prognostic significance of interphase FISH in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

(2018) Arjun Lakshman et al.   LEUKEMIA

The multiple myelomas — current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy

(2018) Shaji K. Kumar et al.   Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

Long-Term Follow-up of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

(2018) Robert A. Kyle et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Risk stratification of smoldering multiple myeloma incorporating revised IMWG diagnostic criteria

(2018) Arjun Lakshman et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

Oral ixazomib maintenance following autologous stem cell transplantation (TOURMALINE-MM3): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

(2018) Meletios A Dimopoulos et al.   LANCET

Lenalidomide maintenance versus observation for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Myeloma XI): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

(2018) Graham H Jackson et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Elotuzumab plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

(2018) Meletios A. Dimopoulos et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

(2017) Brian G M Durie et al.   LANCET

Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): an interim overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

(2017) Meletios A Dimopoulos et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Bortezomib before and after high-dose therapy in myeloma: long-term results from the phase III HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial

(2017) H Goldschmidt et al.   LEUKEMIA

Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone with Transplantation for Myeloma

(2017) Michel Attal et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Prevalence of myeloma precursor state monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in 12372 individuals 10–49 years old: a population-based study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(2017) O Landgren et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

Whole-body computed tomography versus conventional skeletal survey in patients with multiple myeloma: a study of the International Myeloma Working Group

(2017) J Hillengass et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

VTD is superior to VCD prior to intensive therapy in multiple myeloma: results of the prospective IFM2013-04 trial

(2016) Philippe Moreau et al.   BLOOD

Bendamustine, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (BRd) has high activity as 2nd-line therapy for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma - a phase II trial

(2016) Ulrich J. M. Mey et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY

Multiple myeloma—translation of trial results into reality

(2016) Philippe Moreau et al.   LANCET

Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial

(2016) Sagar Lonial et al.   LANCET

Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone versus observation in patients with high-risk smouldering multiple myeloma (QuiRedex): long-term follow-up of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial

(2016) María-Victoria Mateos et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study

(2016) Meletios A Dimopoulos et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma

(2016) Shaji Kumar et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Progress in Myeloma — A Monoclonal Breakthrough

(2016) S. Vincent Rajkumar et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Oral Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

(2016) Philippe Moreau et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

(2016) Meletios A. Dimopoulos et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma

(2016) Antonio Palumbo et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Overall survival of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma treated with panobinostat or placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (the PANORAMA 1 trial): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

(2016) Jesús F San-Miguel et al.   Lancet Haematology

Carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory myeloma

(2015) J. J. Shah et al.   BLOOD

Smoldering multiple myeloma

(2015) S. V. Rajkumar et al.   BLOOD

Clinical course and prognosis of non-secretory multiple myeloma

(2015) Sagar S. Chawla et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY

Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report From International Myeloma Working Group

(2015) Antonio Palumbo et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Elotuzumab Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2015) Sagar Lonial et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

(2015) A. Keith Stewart et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Targeting CD38 with Daratumumab Monotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

(2015) Henk M. Lokhorst et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Characteristics of exceptional responders to lenalidomide-based therapy in multiple myeloma

(2015) T Vu et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

Interpretation of cytogenetic results in multiple myeloma for clinical practice

(2015) A M Rajan et al.   Blood Cancer Journal

Pomalidomide alone or in combination with low-dose dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 2 study

(2014) P. G. Richardson et al.   BLOOD

Carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a multicenter, phase 2 study

(2014) S. Bringhen et al.   BLOOD

Phase II study of bendamustine, bortezomib and dexamethasone as second-line treatment for elderly patients with multiple myeloma: the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome 2009-01 trial

(2014) P. Rodon et al.   HAEMATOLOGICA

Safety and tolerability of ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: an open-label phase 1/2 study

(2014) Shaji K Kumar et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone versus placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind phase 3 trial

(2014) Jesús F San-Miguel et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma

(2014) S Vincent Rajkumar et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Panobinostat for the treatment of multiple myeloma

(2014) S Vincent Rajkumar   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12 482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

(2014) O Landgren et al.   LEUKEMIA

Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Transplant-Ineligible Patients with Myeloma

(2014) Lotfi Benboubker et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Autologous Transplantation and Maintenance Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

(2014) Antonio Palumbo et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Progression in Smoldering Myeloma Is Independently Determined by the Chromosomal Abnormalities del(17p), t(4;14), Gain 1q, Hyperdiploidy, and Tumor Load

(2013) Kai Neben et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Phase Ib Study of Panobinostat and Bortezomib in Relapsed or Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2013) Jesús F. San-Miguel et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

(2013) Jesus San Miguel et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients

(2013) S K Kumar et al.   LEUKEMIA

Consolidation and maintenance therapy with lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (RVD) in high-risk myeloma patients

(2013) A K Nooka et al.   LEUKEMIA

Impact of primary molecular cytogenetic abnormalities and risk of progression in smoldering multiple myeloma

(2013) S V Rajkumar et al.   LEUKEMIA

Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

(2013) María-Victoria Mateos et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Lenalidomide Causes Selective Degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in Multiple Myeloma Cells

(2013) J. Kronke et al.   SCIENCE

The Myeloma Drug Lenalidomide Promotes the Cereblon-Dependent Destruction of Ikaros Proteins

(2013) G. Lu et al.   SCIENCE

Trisomies in multiple myeloma: impact on survival in patients with high-risk cytogenetics

(2012) S. Kumar et al.   BLOOD

Randomized, multicenter, phase 2 study (EVOLUTION) of combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide in previously untreated multiple myeloma

(2012) S. Kumar et al.   BLOOD

A phase 1/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma

(2012) A. J. Jakubowiak et al.   BLOOD

Bortezomib Induction and Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Results of the Randomized Phase III HOVON-65/ GMMG-HD4 Trial

(2012) Pieter Sonneveld et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Incidence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Estimation of Duration Before First Clinical Recognition

(2012) Terry M. Therneau et al.   MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS

Continuous Lenalidomide Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

(2012) Antonio Palumbo et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Lenalidomide Maintenance after Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

(2012) Michel Attal et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Lenalidomide after Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

(2012) Philip L. McCarthy et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in myeloma refractory to both bortezomib and lenalidomide: comparison of 2 dosing strategies in dual-refractory disease

(2011) M. Q. Lacy et al.   BLOOD

Approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma: a clash of philosophies

(2011) S. V. Rajkumar et al.   BLOOD

Aspirin or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide

(2011) A. Larocca et al.   BLOOD

Aspirin, Warfarin, or Enoxaparin Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Treated With Thalidomide: A Phase III, Open-Label, Randomized Trial

(2011) Antonio Palumbo et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Multiple myeloma and the road to personalised medicine

(2011) Stephen J Russell et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation followed by allogeneic or autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (BMT CTN 0102): a phase 3 biological assignment trial

(2011) Amrita Krishnan et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study

(2011) Philippe Moreau et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Risk of progression and survival in multiple myeloma relapsing after therapy with IMiDs and bortezomib: A multicenter international myeloma working group study

(2011) S K Kumar et al.   LEUKEMIA

Incidence of extramedullary disease in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of novel therapy and the activity of pomalidomide on extramedullary myeloma

(2011) K Detweiler Short et al.   LEUKEMIA

Total Therapy 3 for multiple myeloma: prognostic implications of cumulative dosing and premature discontinuation of VTD maintenance components, bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone, relevant to all phases of therapy

(2010) F. van Rhee et al.   BLOOD

Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

(2010) P. G. Richardson et al.   BLOOD

Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I - A randomized study

(2010) Martin Hjorth et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY

Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone-Thalidomide Followed by Maintenance With Bortezomib-Thalidomide Compared With Bortezomib-Melphalan-Prednisone for Initial Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Randomized Controlled Trial

(2010) Antonio Palumbo et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Bortezomib with thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction therapy before, and consolidation therapy after, double autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a randomised phase 3 study

(2010) Michele Cavo et al.   LANCET

Prevalence and risk of progression of light-chain monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a retrospective population-based cohort study

(2010) Angela Dispenzieri et al.   LANCET

Bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone versus bortezomib, thalidomide, and prednisone as induction therapy followed by maintenance treatment with bortezomib and thalidomide versus bortezomib and prednisone in elderly patients with untreated multiple myeloma: a randomised trial

(2010) María-Victoria Mateos et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

Stem cell collection in patients with de novo multiple myeloma treated with the combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone before autologous stem cell transplantation according to IFM 2005–01 trial

(2010) P Moreau et al.   LEUKEMIA

Pomalidomide (CC4047) plus low dose dexamethasone (Pom/dex) is active and well tolerated in lenalidomide refractory multiple myeloma (MM)

(2010) M Q Lacy et al.   LEUKEMIA

Identification of a Primary Target of Thalidomide Teratogenicity

(2010) T. Ito et al.   SCIENCE

Reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation for myeloma: reality bites

(2009) A. K. Stewart   BLOOD

A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients

(2009) B. M. Weiss et al.   BLOOD

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study

(2009) O. Landgren et al.   BLOOD

Multicenter, Phase I, Dose-Escalation Trial of Lenalidomide Plus Bortezomib for Relapsed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

(2009) Paul G. Richardson et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Pomalidomide (CC4047) Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone As Therapy for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

(2009) Martha Q. Lacy et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

Lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone as initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an open-label randomised controlled trial

(2009) S Vincent Rajkumar et al.   LANCET ONCOLOGY

The molecular characterization and clinical management of multiple myeloma in the post-genome era

(2009) Y Zhou et al.   LEUKEMIA

Patterns of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma in various ethnic/racial groups: support for genetic factors in pathogenesis

(2009) O Landgren et al.   LEUKEMIA

Is the international staging system superior to the Durie–Salmon staging system? A comparison in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous transplant

(2009) P N Hari et al.   LEUKEMIA

Acquisition of a multidrug-resistant phenotype with a proteasome inhibitor in multiple myeloma

(2009) D Gutman et al.   LEUKEMIA

Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone induction for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: high response rates in a phase II clinical trial

(2009) C B Reeder et al.   LEUKEMIA

Treatment of Myeloma: Cure vs Control

(2009) S. Vincent Rajkumar   MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS

Management of Newly Diagnosed Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Guidelines

(2009) Shaji K. Kumar et al.   MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS

Many facets of bortezomib resistance/susceptibility

(2008) S. Kumar et al.   BLOOD

Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone Compared With Dexamethasone As Initial Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

(2008) S. Vincent Rajkumar et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders

(2008) A Dispenzieri et al.   LEUKEMIA

Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease

(2008) G D Roodman   LEUKEMIA

VTD combination therapy with bortezomib–thalidomide–dexamethasone is highly effective in advanced and refractory multiple myeloma

(2008) M Pineda-Roman et al.   LEUKEMIA

Bortezomib plus Melphalan and Prednisone for Initial Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

(2008) Jesús F. San Miguel et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE