Nanostructured magnetic metamaterials based on metal-filled carbon nanotubes

Hybrid systems formed by carbon nanotubes filled with metal represent a class of nanomaterials with manifold functionality that can find applications in different fields as, for example, magnetic storage and spintronics. Here a detailed and comprehensive study is reported on the magnetic properties of template grown cobalt cluster-filled multiwall carbon nanotube arrays. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the samples magnetization are investigated in the range 5-760 K and from -50 kOe to +50 kOe, respectively. Hysteresis cycles are slightly open and transmission electron microscopy reveals that the cobalt clusters inside the nanotubes exhibit a crystalline nature. The zero-field cooling/field-cooling magnetization temperature dependence, analyzed in the framework of a two-state progressive crossover model, reveals spin disorder and suggests a spin glass-like scenario. These findings show that cobalt-filled nanotube arrays represent a unique system of magnetically coupled nano-structures, allowing to envision a new class of nanoscale carbon-based magnetic metamaterials, ideal platforms for novel magneto-electronic devices. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.