Health risk assessment quantification from heavy metals contamination in the urban soil and urban surface deposited sediment

Urban soil and urban surface deposited sediments (USDS) are a large basin for receiving heavy metal contaminants from natural resources and anthropogenic activities. The present study is a review carried out the previous studies determine metal impacts in the urban environment on potential health hazards. The environmental risk index (E-r) values follow a trend for different urban soils and USDS: the high E-r value in the period 1980-1990 in urban areas is due to Cd 7200, followed by Pb 662, Cu 42, Zn 23, and Ni 6. The health risk assessment varied with the type of heavy metal, the time of year, the level of contamination, environmental pollution, and the human age. No significant risk was identified for adults and children in different urban areas.