Article
Fisheries
Song Zhu, Bo Miao, Yu-Zhou Zhang, Wei-Wei Zeng, De-Shou Wang, Sheng-Qi Su
Summary: Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is a devastating threat to aquaculture worldwide. The study found that the nanobody NNV-Nb2 shows promising potential for the diagnosis and treatment of VER, and the protrusion domain of NNV capsid protein is a key target for the design of highly effective vaccines and drugs.
Article
Virology
Yuqi Zhang, Fujing Dong, Jing Xing, Xiaoqian Tang, Xiuzhen Sheng, Heng Chi, Wenbin Zhan
Summary: This study investigated the role of the nonstructural protein B2 of the nerve necrosis virus (NNV) in virus infection and its dynamics in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the B2 protein is involved in the early infection and proliferation of NNV. These findings provide insights into the early stage of virus infection and prevention of the disease.
Article
Microbiology
Yulema Valero, Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Sandra Souto, Jose G. Olveira, Alberto Cuesta, Isabel Bandin
Summary: In this study, five fish cell lines were analyzed for susceptibility and permissiveness to three NNV strains, with E-11 identified as the most suitable cell line for in vitro cultivation of RGNNV, SJNNV, and reassortant strains.
Article
Fisheries
Sofie Barsoe, Francois Allal, Alain Vergnet, Marc Vandeputte, Niels Jorgen Olesen, Jacob Gunther Schmidt, Cathrine Agnete Larsen, Argelia Cuenca, Niccolo Vendramin
Summary: The study compared the resistance to two strains of betanodavirus among three populations of sea bass, finding that the Eastern Mediterranean population had the highest survival rate, possibly due to lower levels of viral RNA in the brain.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
L. Peruzza, F. Pascoli, G. Dalla Rovere, R. Franch, S. Ferraresso, M. Babbucci, L. Biasini, M. Abbadi, V. Panzarin, A. Toffan, L. Bargelloni
Summary: The gilthead sea bream has long been resistant to Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV), but recent reassortant strains pose a threat. RNA-seq analysis of infected sea bream larvae showed significant gene regulation at early time points, indicating a possible interference of NNV against the host response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
M. Makesh, N. Venkata Satyanarayana, K. Muddukrishnaiah, Sujeet Kumar, G. Thiagarajan, Ashok Kumar Jangam, R. Subburaj, M. Kailasam, K. K. Vijayan
Summary: The red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) is the most prevalent genotype among fishes in tropical and temperate regions. Inactivated and recombinant VNN vaccines produced significant immune responses in Asian seabass fingerlings and broodstock, and also demonstrated efficacy under field conditions. The vaccine can be used to vaccinate broodstock to reduce loss due to VNN in early larval stages.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jeong In Yang, Ki Hong Kim
Summary: VLP-based vaccines show promise in overcoming safety issues and weak immunogenicity. In this study, using the split-intein conjugation system, NNV VLPs were used as a delivery tool for displaying Streptococcus iniae alpha-enolase. The optimal fusion ratio was found to be Capsid-SpyTag to alpha-enolase-SpyCatcher of 1 to 1.5, resulting in the highest coupling efficiency. The VLPs fused with alpha-enolase-SpyCatcher showed irregular shape and size, and immunization experiments demonstrated low mortality against S. iniae infection.
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hehe Du, Zhenjie Cao, Zhiru Liu, Guotao Wang, Ying Wu, Xiangyu Du, Caoying Wei, Yun Sun, Yongcan Zhou
Summary: By studying immune-related miRNAs in the spleen of C. altivelis in response to NNV infection, it was found that miR-155 may act as a pro-apoptotic factor in CAB cells in response to NNV stimulation, regulating cell apoptosis and virus replication.
Article
Fisheries
Hyun Jung Gye, Toyohiko Nishizawa
Summary: This study analyzed six fish cell lines with differential permissiveness to NNV and found that sialylated N-glycans with Neu5Ac-LacNAc motifs are likely to function as cellular receptors for NNVs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Sandra Souto, Jose G. Olveira, Ana Riaza, Oscar Gonzalez, Cristina Brea, Alejandro M. Labella, Dolores Castro, Isabel Bandin
Summary: The study shows that a booster injection of vaccine 30 days after the initial vaccination can increase survival and reduce viral replication in Senegalese sole affected by Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). The expression of immune-related genes suggests a role for T CD4+ lymphocytes and proteins Mx and HERC4 in the protection.
Article
Microbiology
Song Zhu, Fei Luo, Bin Zhu, Fei Ling, Er-Long Wang, Tian-Qiang Liu, Gao-Xue Wang
Summary: The study developed a nanobody-mediated virus-targeting drug delivery platform, which shows promising potential for improving the treatment of central nervous system viral diseases.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alberto Falco, Melissa Bello-Perez, Rocio Diaz-Puertas, Matthew Mold, Mikolaj Adamek
Summary: Different inactivation procedures were tested for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new deadly NNV isolate affecting European seabass, with UV-C irradiation and formalin treatment showing promising results as potential NNV-inactivation procedures for vaccine candidates.
Article
Fisheries
Rahul Krishnan, Jong-Oh Kim, Yo-Seb Jang, Myung-Joo Oh
Summary: PSMB8 serves as an important regulator of NF-xB signaling during nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection in sevenband grouper, showing the ability to reduce virus-induced activation of NF-xB promoters and downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sergio Vela-Avitua, Ingunn Thorland, Vasileios Bakopoulos, Kantham Papanna, Arkadios Dimitroglou, Eleftherios Kottaras, Papaharisis Leonidas, Bruno Guinand, Costas S. Tsigenopoulos, Muhammad L. Aslam
Summary: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious disease caused by the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) in European sea bass. A genome-wide association analysis revealed a strong signal of quantitative trait loci (QTL) at LG12, which explained around 33% of the genetic variance. The genes HSPA4L and/or REEP1 were found to be highly relevant in managing disease-associated symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
P. Rameshkumar, C. Balachandran, S. Vairamuthu, G. Dhinakar Raj, J. John Kirubaharan, K. Nagarajan, B. M. Nazeera, P. Ezhil Praveena, K. P. Jithendran
Summary: Two disease outbreaks occurred in cage-cultured cobia fingerlings in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar during the summer months. The mortality rate was high, and the clinical signs and gross lesions indicated viral nervous necrosis and bacterial infection. Higher water temperature and other stress factors were identified as potential causes for the mass mortality.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Isabel Bandin, Carlos P. Dopazo
Summary: In this study, a PCR-based macroarray for the detection, typing, and quantification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) has been developed and validated. The macroarray showed high analytical sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and reliability, making it a useful tool for fish farmers worldwide. The storage and usage process of the macroarray also ensures minimal loss of efficiency, providing a long-term solution for VHSV detection in the aquaculture industry.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jose G. Olveira, Sandra Souto, Isabel Bandin, Carlos P. Dopazo
Summary: In this study, a reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was developed for the detection and quantification of the fish virus NNV with high sensitivity and reliability, allowing for accurate diagnosis and quantification at extremely low viral loads.
Article
Fisheries
Lucia Vazquez-Salgado, Jose G. Olveira, Carlos P. Dopazo, Isabel Bandin
Summary: Intensive fish farming at high densities has negative effects on fish welfare, with NNV-infected Senegalese sole reared at high densities showing earlier mortality onset and higher viral load.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Milena Alvarez-Vinas, Sandra Souto, Noelia Florez-Fernandez, Maria Dolores Torres, Isabel Bandin, Herminia Dominguez
Summary: Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides from red seaweed have well-known antiviral properties, mainly through blocking the viral attachment stage. The most active forms are lambda-, iota-, and kappa-carrageenans, which can be obtained from sustainable resources. Their properties are influenced by the degree and sulfation position, and further chemical modifications are discussed.
Article
Fisheries
L. Vazquez-Salgado, J. G. Olveira, C. P. Dopazo, I. Bandin
Summary: This study assessed the susceptibility of gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole to two reassortant NNV strains and the possibility of interspecies transmission by cohabiting infected and naive individuals. The results showed that both NNV isolates caused moderate mortality rates and replicated in both fish species. Interspecies transmission was also observed, with infective NNV particles recovered from naive cohabitants.
Article
Fisheries
Lucia Vazquez-Salgado, Jose G. Olveira, Isabel Bandin
Summary: This study investigated the viability of Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in seawater and culture medium and found that temperature and salinity affect viral persistence. Additionally, UV light and oxygen exposure accelerate viral inactivation.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yulema Valero, Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Sandra Souto, Jose G. Olveira, Alberto Cuesta, Isabel Bandin
Summary: In this study, five fish cell lines were analyzed for susceptibility and permissiveness to three NNV strains, with E-11 identified as the most suitable cell line for in vitro cultivation of RGNNV, SJNNV, and reassortant strains.
Article
Microbiology
Juan Gemez-Mata, Sandra Souto, Isabel Bandin, Maria del Carmen Alonso, Juan Jose Borrego, Alejandro Manuel Labella, Esther Garcia-Rosado
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in immune responses triggered by different recombinants in infected sole, with the RNA2 mutant causing the most prominent immune response changes, especially the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. Infection with RNA1 mutants also led to reduced mortality and delayed replication compared to wt160, potentially causing the observed lag in immune response.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Carmen Lopez-Vazquez, Sandra Souto, Jose G. Olveira, Ana Riaza, Oscar Gonzalez, Cristina Brea, Alejandro M. Labella, Dolores Castro, Isabel Bandin
Summary: The study shows that a booster injection of vaccine 30 days after the initial vaccination can increase survival and reduce viral replication in Senegalese sole affected by Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). The expression of immune-related genes suggests a role for T CD4+ lymphocytes and proteins Mx and HERC4 in the protection.
Article
Immunology
Sandra Souto, Emilie Merour, Alain Le Coupanec, Annie Lamoureux, Julie Bernard, Michel Bremont, Jean K. K. Millet, Stephane Biacchesi
Summary: Researchers have engineered the genome of VHSV to modify gene order and introduce an expression cassette encoding the major antigen of NNV capsid protein. Eight recombinant VHSVs (rVHSV) have been successfully recovered and tested in trout and sole, showing promising results for the development of a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate for the protection against VHSV and NNV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Lucia Vazquez-Salgado, Jose G. Olveira, Carlos P. Dopazo, Isabel Bandin
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of NNV in wild fish along the Galician Atlantic coast. The results showed that 22 fish (1.72%) tested positive for NNV, including two species in which the pathogen had not yet been reported. The study also identified two reassortant types of NNV and isolated four reassortant strains with amino acid mutations related to NNV-host interaction from European Pilchard and Atlantic Mackerel.
JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
(2023)
