Article
Paleontology
Felipe L. Pinheiro, Eduardo Silva-Neves, Atila A. S. Da-Rosa
Summary: Procolophonoidea was the only parareptile clade to survive the end-Permian mass extinction, and they experienced a major adaptive radiation during the Triassic. The new procolophonid genus and species, Oryporan insolitus gen. et sp. nov., combines typical adaptations suggestive of herbivory with primitive character states peculiar to early procolophonoids, making it the phylogenetically earliest species to show apparent adaptations for herbivory. This highlights the diversity of feeding habits displayed by Early Triassic procolophonoids, crucial for the clade's survival in post-extinction disaster communities.
PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tea Maho, Sigi Maho, Diane Scott, Robert R. Reisz
Summary: The oldest known complex terrestrial vertebrate community included hypercarnivorous varanopids, with their teeth exhibiting serrations and rapid developmental rates. Large apex predator Dimetrodon increased dental longevity through thickening and increasing massiveness, while herbivores reduced tooth replacement rates and increased dental longevity. Early terrestrial carnivorous and herbivorous amniotes exhibited varied dental development and replacement rates, reflecting the complexity and diversity of their feeding behaviors soon after their initial appearance in the fossil record.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ethan Mooney, Tea Maho, Joseph Bevitt, Robert Reisz
Summary: The initial stages of diapsid evolution, which includes extant reptiles and the majority of extinct reptilian taxa, are poorly understood. However, a new and unusual diapsid reptile with unique dentition and lower jaw anatomy has been discovered in the cave deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, providing evidence of the diversification of diapsid reptiles in the early Permian.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Antoine Verriere, Nadia B. Froebisch, Joerg Froebisch
Summary: This study expands the knowledge on vertebral development patterns in amniotes based on well-preserved specimens of Mesosaurus tenuidens. The research reveals the stability of these patterns throughout the evolutionary history of amniotes, suggesting underlying developmental constraints. Additionally, it highlights specific trends in birds, mammals, and squamates that deviate from the ancestral condition, indicating a certain homogeneity of vertebral developmental constraints within these lineages.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Richard J. Butler, Luke E. Meade, Terri J. Cleary, Kai T. Mcwhirter, Emily E. Brown, Tom S. Kemp, Juan Benito, Nicholas C. Fraser
Summary: The fissure fill localities in southwest England and South Wales have yielded diverse small-bodied tetrapod assemblages from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic period. However, the age of the fissures and the origin of these assemblages are still debated. A new species of procolophonid, named Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered in the Cromhall fissure. This species shares similarities with Late Triassic procolophonids from Scotland, Brazil, and North America, but also has unique characteristics.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
David S. Berman, Stuart S. Sumida, Amy C. Henrici, Diane Scott, Robert R. Reisz, Thomas Martens
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive description of the holotype skeleton of the lower Permian reptile Eudibamus cursoris, as well as a partially articulated second specimen. Structural differences between the two specimens are attributed to different ontogenetic stages of ossification, with the holotype representing a more juvenile individual and the second specimen a more mature one.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laurent Marivaux, Francisco R. Negri, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Narla S. Stutz, Fabien L. Condamine, Leonardo Kerber, Francois Pujos, Roberto Ventura Santos, Andre M. V. Alvim, Annie S. Hsiou, Marcos C. Bissaro Jr, Karen Adami-Rodrigues, Ana Maria Ribeiro
Summary: Recent fossil discoveries in Western Amazonia suggest that three clades of anthropoid primates from Africa colonized South America during the Eocene/Oligocene transition. This study introduces a new primate taxon, Ashaninkacebus simpsoni, with dental affinities to Asian African stem anthropoids. It is proposed that Afro-Arabia served as a biogeographic stopover between South Asia and South America for these primates, facilitated by intense flooding events associated with the late middle Eocene climatic optimum.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Daniel De Simao-Oliveira, Felipe Lima Pinheiro, Marco Brandalise De Andrade, Flavio Augusto Pretto
Summary: This study revisited the Brazilian species Proterochampsa nodosa, describing its previously hidden morphology of the mandible and palate and comparing it with P. barrionuevoi. The new phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Proterochampsidae, the genus Proterochampsa, and its position as the basalmost taxon in the clade.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Darren Naish, Andrea Cau
Summary: The paper describes and analyzes the characteristics of Eotyrannus lengi, a dinosaur found in the Wessex Formation. It is determined to be an intermediate member of the Tyrannosauroidea group, between Proceratosauridae and Yutyrannus, and within the Glade that includes Xiongguanlong, Megaraptora, Dryptosaurus, and Tyrannosauridae. The study increases the understanding of Cretaceous tyrannosauroid diversity and disparity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristina Kverkova, Lucie Marhounova, Alexandra Polonyiova, Martin Kocourek, Yicheng Zhang, Seweryn Olkowicz, Barbora Strakova, Zuzana Pavelkova, Roman Vodicka, Daniel Frynta, Pavel Nemec
Summary: Comparative analysis of brain evolution across amniotes reveals that reptiles have relatively small brains and low neuronal densities compared to birds and mammals. The most significant increases in brain neurons occurred independently in birds and mammals. Two additional major increases in neuron numbers occurred in core land birds and anthropoid primates. Interestingly, relative brain size is associated with relative neuronal cell density in reptiles, birds, and primates, but not in other mammals. This has important implications for understanding the evolutionary drivers of animal cognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Anne Le Maitre, Franck Guy, Gildas Merceron, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos
Summary: Discoveries in recent decades have shown that Paradolichopithecus and Procynocephalus are important members of the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene mammalian faunas of Eurasia. However, their taxonomical status, phylogenetic relationships, and ecological profile are still unclear. By studying the inner ear anatomy of Paradolichopithecus, we found that it shares shape features with Macacina and Cercopithecini, indicating a probable retention of primitive morphology. Overall, its inner ear morphology is more consistent with a stem Papionini closely related to Papionina.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Susana Chuva de Sousa M. Lopes, Bernard A. J. Roelen, Kirstie A. A. Lawson, An Zwijsen
Summary: This review provides insights into the formation, molecular characteristics, and basic organization of amnion in different amniotes. It specifically focuses on the atypical development of amnion in mice and analyzes the molecular signature of amniotic ectoderm and amniotic mesoderm using bioinformatic analysis.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yunhuan Liu, Emily Carlisle, Huaqiao Zhang, Ben Yang, Michael Steiner, Tiequan Shao, Baichuan Duan, Federica Marone, Shuhai Xiao, Philip C. J. Donoghue
Summary: The early history of deuterostomes, composed of chordates, echinoderms, and hemichordates, is still controversial due to a lack of representative fossils. The microscopic animal Saccorhytus coronarius was previously thought to be an early deuterostome, but new material and analyses have shown that it actually belongs to the total group Ecdysozoa. This expands the morphological and ecological diversity of early Cambrian ecdysozoans.
Review
Biology
Kristen A. A. Panfilio, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa M. Lopes
Summary: In this review, the authors compare the evolution and tissue biology of extraembryonic (EE) development in amniotes and insects. They find that these animal groups have independently evolved similar solutions to protect embryos and support their development, with common cellular properties and developmental features. The authors also discuss the shared roles of transcription factors and signaling pathways in EE tissues and highlight the value of comparative studies in revealing general developmental principles across species.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Pascal Abel, Yannick Pommery, David Paul Ford, Daisuke Koyabu, Ingmar Werneburg
Summary: Temporal fenestrae and excavations have evolved independently at least twice in early amniotes, but the specific drivers behind this evolution have been poorly understood. It is mostly explained by adaptations of the feeding apparatus to new functional demands in the terrestrial realm. The Permian reptile Captorhinus aguti provides insights into the bone integrity and cranial mechanics of an early non-fenestrated amniote skull.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biology
David P. Ford, Susan E. Evans, Jonah N. Choiniere, Vincent Fernandez, Roger B. J. Benson
Summary: Lepidosaurs, including lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians, and tuatara, form a diverse group with a long evolutionary history. Paliguana whitei from the Early Triassic of South Africa is identified as the earliest known stem-lepidosaur, providing insights into their cranial evolution. The study reveals that characteristics of pleurodont dental implantation evolved early on the lepidosaur stem-lineage, while key functional traits related to hearing and feeding evolved later in the lepidosaur crown-group.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Paleontology
Elizabeth F. Griffiths, David P. Ford, Roger B. J. Benson, Susan E. Evans
Summary: The earliest known crown-group lepidosaurs are from the Middle Triassic, however, their stem group is poorly sampled. The Middle Jurassic lepidosauromorph Marmoretta oxoniensis is re-examined using high-resolution micro-computed tomography to reveal new information about its skull anatomy. Our phylogenetic analysis places Marmoretta as a stem-lepidosaur.
PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Paleontology
David P. Ford, Roger B. J. Benson
PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY
(2019)