Article
Food Science & Technology
Jookyeong Lee, Changguk Boo, Seong-jun Hong, Eui-Cheol Shin
Summary: This study found that chemical parameters of soybean and canola oils increased with repeated frying, with canola oil being more stable and of better quality. The volatile component ethyl butyrate showed strong positive correlations with sourness, umami, and sweetness, while umami had strong positive correlations with sourness and saltiness.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marcos Roberto Casarin Jovanovichs, Mariana Basso Pinton, Leticia Pereira Correa, Douglas Pedro, Carlos Augusto Mallmann, Roger Wagner, Alexandre Jose Cichoski, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, Alfredo Jorge Costa Teixeira, Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol, Bibiana Alves dos Santos
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of lipid reformulation on the properties of salamis. Two gels were produced, one with psyllium fiber (GP) and the other with a combination of this fiber and linseed oil (GL+P). The reformulation had minimal effect on pH and lactic acid bacteria during processing. It improved the nutrition of salamis but impacted their oxidative stability and sensory profiles.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jing Qian, Ying Zhao, Longfei Yan, Ji Luo, Wenjing Yan, Jianhao Zhang
Summary: By combining plasma treatment with essential oil/protein edible composite films, this study aimed to regulate lipid oxidation in meat. Results demonstrated that this method effectively improved meat preservation by reducing oxidation reactions and decreasing the presence of volatile compounds.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Aikaterini Kanelaki, Konstantina Zampouni, Ioannis Mourtzinos, Eugenios Katsanidis
Summary: Edible coatings delay oxidation in fish fillets, and incorporating rosemary extract into a bigel coating can effectively maintain the quality of the fillets during refrigerated storage.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Montserrat Martinez-Pineda, Cristina Yague-Ruiz, Antonio Vercet
Summary: Lowering frying temperature and increasing ingredient slice thickness can effectively reduce oil uptake. Using methyl cellulose and kappa-carrageenan as edible coatings can also reduce oil uptake independently of temperature.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rafaela Rodrigues Basaglia, Sandriane Pizato, Nathalia Goncalves Santiago, Maiara Mantovani Maciel de Almeida, Rosalinda Arevalo Pinedo, William Renzo Cortez-Vega
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the shelf life of minimally processed pineapple with an edible chitosan-based coating containing cinnamon essential oil at different concentrations stored at 5 +/- 1 degrees C for 15 days. The coatings were effective in preserving the pineapple by reducing mold and yeast growth, weight loss, and firmness loss. Treatment with 2% chitosan and 0.5% CEO showed the best results in terms of weight loss and color maintenance.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Holly J. Clarke, William P. McCarthy, Maurice G. O'Sullivan, Joseph P. Kerry, Kieran N. Kilcawley
Summary: This article discusses the impact of lipid oxidation on the quality of dairy powders, as well as the analytical techniques for detecting VOC. By improving the ability to identify and quantify specific VOC associated with LO, in combination with olfactory and sensory analysis, a better understanding of the quality changes in the product can be achieved.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yan Zhang, Mengzhu Wang, Xuping Zhang, Zhihao Qu, Yuan Gao, Qi Li, Xiuzhu Yu
Summary: Edible oils are prone to oxidation during processing, transport, storage, and consumption, which can reduce their quality and safety. Therefore, analyzing the oxidation of edible oil is crucial. This review summarizes the mechanisms, conventional indexes, and applications of analytical methods for determining the oxidation of oil, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yifan Jiang, Mengke Su, Ting Yu, Shanshan Du, Lingling Liao, Hongyan Wang, Yiping Wu, Honglin Liu
Summary: In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyzer based on plasmonic metal liquid-like platform (PML-SERS) was developed for rapid and accurate analysis of edible oil oxidation. The analyzer has the ability to quantitatively detect peroxide value (POV) and achieve rapid spectral recognition for edible oil oxidation, with a relative deviation of less than 10% compared to the national standard method. This platform provides a practical solution for ultra-sensitive and fast analysis of POV in oil oxidation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Esam Emragi, Sastry S. Jayanty
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effect of edible coatings and cold storage conditions on the skin color of red potatoes stored for six months. Edible coatings significantly enhanced the chroma value of skin color, especially formulations containing sodium alginate. However, the coatings had limited effect on levels of reducing sugars. Alginate-based edible coatings significantly improved sensory evaluation of red skin potatoes, particularly in terms of color, gloss, and general acceptability.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sahar Sabahi, Amin Abbasi, Seyed Ali Mortazavi
Summary: This study investigates the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of Cinnamomum zeylani essential oil (CZEO) on lamb meat slices. The results show that CZEO can effectively extend the shelf life of lamb meat, inhibit lipid oxidation, and reduce microbial growth. It also improves the sensory quality of the samples.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Cristina Perez-Santaescolastica, Paulo E. S. Munekata, Xi Feng, Ying Liu, Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol, Jose M. Lorenzo
Summary: The main reasons for food decay are oxidative reactions and bacterial growth. The food industry has attempted to address these issues by incorporating additives into foods or using different packaging techniques. Mediterranean herbs, with their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, can be used to produce various active systems for packaging. The addition of essential oils from Mediterranean herbs in coatings and films can improve the performance of packaging systems and extend the shelf-life of meat products, fruits, and vegetables.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xin Zhang, Xiaowei Feng, Leon Lee Zhou, Bin Liu, Zhengbo Chen, Xia Zuo
Summary: This study developed a colorimetric sensor array based on halogen ion exchange to accurately distinguish various edible oils by detecting their peroxide values. By analyzing RGB patterns as fingerprints, the sensor array showed the ability to detect edible oils at a minimal concentration of 6.67% in real samples.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eduardo Caballero, Daniela Bernal, Jeniffer Wilckens
Summary: This study investigates lipid oxidation in walnuts by using various edible coating formulations and storing them under specific conditions. The analysis of oil data includes parameters such as acid value, peroxide value, and TBARS. The findings are important for walnut exporters as a reference point.
Article
Polymer Science
Alexandra Tauferova, Matej Pospiech, Zdenka Javurkova, Bohuslava Tremlova, Dani Dordevic, Simona Jancikova, Karolina Tesikova, Michal Zdarsky, Tomas Vitez, Monika Vitezova
Summary: The study focused on developing chitosan-based coatings with plant byproducts for edible and biodegradable packaging. Coatings with grape and blueberry pomace showed significantly higher color intensity. Overall, the coatings demonstrated good sensory properties and biodegradability potential, indicating their possible commercial application.
Article
Polymer Science
Hossein Taghavi Kevij, Maryam Salami, Mehdi Mohammadian, Maryam Khodadadi, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: By incorporating different concentrations of orange peel powder into gelatin, bio-functional edible films with enhanced thickness, moisture content, water vapor permeability, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity were developed.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mehdi Mohammadian, Maryam Salami, Maryam Moghadam, Ali Amirsalehi, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: Mung bean protein was used to load curcumin through conventional and pH-shifting methods, with the latter showing higher encapsulation efficiency; hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding between curcumin and mung bean proteins were confirmed through fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red analysis; XRD and DSC analysis indicated a decrease in curcumin crystallinity and predicted release mechanisms as non-Fickian diffusion or super case II transport relaxation release.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Seyedeh Fatemeh Sadeghian Motahar, Maryam Salami, Shohreh Ariaeenejad, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Atefeh Sheykh Abdollahzadeh Mamaghani, Kaveh Kavousi, Maryam Moghadam, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
Summary: This study screened a novel thermostable pullulanase from metagenomic data to improve the quality of functional bread. A cocktail of thermostable pullulanase and alpha-amylase was developed to enhance the antioxidant properties and texture of quinoa protein-enriched bread, showing promising results in terms of physical and sensory characteristics.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shahrzad Moaveni, Maryam Salami, Maryam Khodadadi, Michael McDougall, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: The digestive process of S. limacinum protein indicates its potential as a high-protein food ingredient, with increased antioxidant activity after enzymatic hydrolysis, especially within the 5-10 kDa molecular weight range.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ali Ekrami, Maede Ghadermazi, Mohammad Ekrami, Mohammad Ali Hosseini, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Rozhin Hamidi-Moghadam
Summary: In this study, nanoliposomes loaded with Zhumeria majdae essential oil were used to control multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. The NLP-ZM(EO) demonstrated higher antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-biofilm activities compared to pure Zhumeria majdae essential oil.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Amir Rezvankhah, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Mohammad Safari, Maryam Salami, Gholamreza Askari
Summary: Freeze-drying was used to optimize the microencapsulation of hemp seed oil (HSO) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The study found the optimum wall material ratios for achieving the highest encapsulation efficiency and the lowest peroxide value. The results showed that freeze-drying can protect the sensitive bioactive components of HSO and improve its stability.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nooshin Shakoury, Mohammad Amin Aliyari, Maryam Salami, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Bongkosh Vardhanabhuti, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of propolis and to evaluate the possibility of encapsulation of propolis extract in whey protein nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were produced through freeze-drying and the optimal process for extraction was found to be 80% v/v ethanol. The encapsulated propolis-WPN complexes were mainly formed through hydrophobic interactions and showed reduced crystallization phase and controlled release in gastrointestinal digestion. The compositions of 4% pH: 3.2 and 4% pH: 7.5 exhibited the most suitable characteristics for various food applications.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Vahid Mosayebi, Milad Fathi, Mohammad Shahedi, Nafiseh Soltanizadeh, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: Fast-dissolving antioxidant nanofibers based on Spirulina protein concentrate (SPC) and gelatin were successfully produced using needleless electrospinning technique. These nanofibers showed improved antioxidant activity and rapid dissolution in aqueous medium, making them potentially useful for nutraceutical delivery in food and packaging applications under high humidity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mina Mohammadi, Maryam Salami, Mohammadsaeed Yarmand, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, David Julian McClements
Summary: In this study, bioactive peptides with high antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activity were produced by chymotrypsin-mediated hydrolysis of lentil protein isolate. The fortification of the muffins with lentil protein or its hydrolysates significantly affected their physicochemical properties, texture, sensory attributes, and antioxidant activity.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maryam Sadat Mirmohammad Meiguni, Maryam Salami, Karamatollah Rezaei, Seyed-Behnam Ghaffari, Mohammad Amin Aliyari, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Yasmin Barazandegan, Ingolf Gruen
Summary: A novel complex coacervate based on mung bean protein and succinylated chitosan was developed to encapsulate curcumin for enhanced antioxidant and release properties. The complex exhibited significant stability and controlled release behavior in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and had good dispersity characteristics.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Ekrami, Ali Ekrami, Mohammad Ali Hosseini, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: This study characterized and compared nanoliposome-loaded Salep mucilage-based bionanocomposite films with free and encapsulated Allium jesdianum Boiss. essential oil. The results showed the potential of the sustained-release system for antibacterial food packaging, extending the shelf life of perishable food products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marzieh Shakouri, Maryam Salami, Loong-Tak Lim, Mohammad Ekrami, Mehdi Mohammadian, Gholamreza Askari, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, David Julian McClements
Summary: Multifunctional and innovative biopolymer-based indicator films containing gelatin and basil seed gum, with different concentrations of saffron petal extract, were prepared. The addition of saffron petal extract improved the physical properties and antimicrobial activity of the indicator films, making them potential indicators for monitoring food spoilage.
JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Morad Mousazadeh, Mohammad Mousavi, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Salar Ali Ahmed, Mehri Hadinezhad, Hamed Hassanzadeh
Summary: Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the effects of different ingredients on the sensory descriptors of a spread based on pistachio oil. PCA revealed that adhesiveness, hardness, oiliness, and fluidness were the most significant factors. The power law model was found to be more accurate in fitting the samples. The optimum combination of variables (15% pistachio oil, 7.5% cocoa butter, 0.3% xanthan gum, and 1% distilled monoglyceride) produced desirable spreads that mimic commercial spreads.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Ekrami, Negar Roshani-Dehlaghi, Ali Ekrami, Marzieh Shakouri, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: Researchers have developed pH-sensitive edible films and found that films with a concentration of 5%v/v of SA(As) showed the best performance in monitoring real-time food deterioration.
CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Neda Aliabbasi, Morteza Fathi, Zahra Emam-Djomeh
Summary: In addition to the inherent antimicrobial activity of curcumin, the medium in which it functions is crucial. An intelligent packaging system based on curcumin/biopolymers can serve as an effective indicator for monitoring the freshness of animal-based protein foods, while polysaccharide and/or protein composite films loaded with curcumin could have valuable applications in the food packaging industry.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingran Kou, Dongdong Su, Fei Pan, Xiwei Xu, Qingran Meng, Qinfei Ke
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion of the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in aroma compounds (ACs)/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs). It covers the establishment of the simulation process, parameter selection, model evaluation, and various application cases, summarizing the major achievements and challenges of this method.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haoyu Yu, Quanbin Zhang, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Jing Wang, Yang Yue, Lihua Geng, Ning Wu
Summary: Brown algae are rich in fucoidan, which has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects. Fucoidan inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and also promotes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Dong, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: Gene therapy is a revolutionary treatment that requires suitable vectors for protecting and releasing exogenous nucleic acids in target cells. Chitosan, as a non-viral vector, has gained attention due to its good biocompatibility and ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, discusses factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and current research development directions. It also provides an outlook on the future prospects of chitosan.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Iglesias-Mejuto, Beatriz Magarinos, Tania Ferreira-Goncalves, Ricardo Starbird-Perez, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ines Ardao, Carlos A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Summary: This study developed a novel processing strategy to manufacture drug-loaded and personalized aerogels with nanostructures. The aerogels demonstrated bioactivity and antimicrobial effects, promoting bone regeneration and preventing infections in bone tissue engineering.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenxu Shi, Dimei Yang, Yan Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Lin Gan, Jin Huang
Summary: This study proposes a micro-assembly method to improve the photoluminescent properties of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by organizing them within a sub-micrometer-sized metal-organic framework and coating with TiO2. The TiO2 coating prevents CNC assembly breakdown and allows information to be revealed using screenprinted labels for anti-counterfeiting purposes.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuejiao Liu, Bin Fu, Jierong Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Dongdong Zheng, Zhonghua Li, Bing Gu, Ying Zhang, Haojie Lu
Summary: Liver disease is a major cause of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing its progression is crucial for improving outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications, particularly for glycoproteins translation. However, the limitation of analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent. In this study, a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy was developed, allowing the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of 3 minutes per sample. The strategy was applied in a cohort of 461 serum samples and identified a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides that have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of liver disease.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Wang, Hao Jiang, Hongli Zhang, Weiqiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Wenfeng Xu, Jia Li, Youjing Lv, Guoyun Li, Chao Cai, Guangli Yu
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of antibody-beta-glucan conjugates (AGC) to enhance the antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. AGC demonstrated powerful tumor suppression and promoted interaction between tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing immunotherapeutic benefits.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chaeyeon Lee, Sojeong Lee, Sang Wook Kang
Summary: The study aims to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. By using cellulose acetate and citric acid, the researchers were able to fabricate membranes with improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The cross-linking effect of citric acid resulted in a more uniform pore structure and higher porosity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Tejaswini Kolipaka, Giriraj Pandey, Noella Abraham, Dadi A. Srinivasarao, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, P. S. Rajinikanth, Vidya Tickoo, Saurabh Srivastava
Summary: This review focuses on the design and application of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings, highlighting aspects such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug entrapment, moisturizing ability, swelling, and mechanical properties. Additionally, various crosslinking methods and recent developments in stimuli-responsive hydrogels are discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anqi Xu, Nan Zhang, Shixing Su, Hongyu Shi, Daoqiang Lu, Xifeng Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Feng, Zhuohua Wen, Gengwu Ma, Mengshi Huang, Chi Huang, Yuqi Hu, Hao Yuan, Qinwen Liu, Daogang Guan, Jun Wang, Chuanzhi Duan
Summary: The study presents a one-pot radical polymerization method to fabricate a hydrogel with adhesive properties, which can effectively treat bacterial-infected diabetic wounds and accelerate wound healing.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Montarop Yamabhai, Munthipha Khamphio, Thae Thae Min, Chai Noy Soem, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Waheni Rizki Aprilia, Krisanai Luesukprasert, Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, Atthaphon Maneedaeng, Tina R. Tuveng, Silje B. Lorentzen, Simen Antonsen, Paiboon Jitprasertwong, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: The study investigates the bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using an enzyme. The results show that the generated CHOS have anti-inflammatory activity, but the magnitude of the activity depends on the substrate and production process. Different methods of dissolving chitosan also affect the properties of CHOS. The study highlights the importance of quality assurance in CHOS preparations.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen Cao, Jiangping Wu, Xinya Zhao, Zixu Li, Jie Yu, Taili Shao, Xuefeng Hou, Lutan Zhou, Chunfei Wang, Guodong Wang, Jun Han
Summary: In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from Pueraria lobata. It was found that PLP1 was composed of specific glycosidic units and exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, PLP1 effectively protected the liver against acute alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ya Su, Yaqian Liu, Xueyan Hu, Yueqi Lu, Jinyuan Zhang, Wenbo Jin, Wang Liu, Yan Shu, Yuen Yee Cheng, Wenfang Li, Yi Nie, Bo Pan, Kedong Song
Summary: A 3D printed scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release has been developed for drug delivery after breast cancer surgery. The scaffold showed effective inhibition of tumor growth, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing, making it a promising approach for preventing tumor recurrence.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ekaterina Sokolova, Diane Jouanneau, Antonin Chevenier, Murielle Jam, Nathalie Desban, Pierre Colas, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Carrageenans, a compound synthesized in red algae, have various biological properties and are valuable in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Their fine structure affects wound healing, oxidative processes, hemostasis, and inflammation. Enzymatic modification of carrageenans produces oligosaccharides that bind to natural human serum antibodies and specific antibodies, showing potential for therapeutic applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Shi, Miao Yu, Kaijin Qiu, Tiantian Kong, Chunjing Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Daquan Chen, Ming Kong
Summary: In this study, functionalized transfersomes were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and 1MT towards primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes via transdermal administration using microneedles. The results showed that the nano-complexed microneedles exhibited a stronger suppression in tumor growth compared to the intravenous group.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
