Article
Environmental Sciences
F. Matsubara, B. Wild, J. Martens, A. Andersson, R. Wennstrom, L. Broder, O. Dudarev, I Semiletov, O. Gustafsson
Summary: Global warming leads to the thawing of permafrost, resulting in the increased release of terrigenous organic matter to the Arctic Ocean. The degradation of this organic matter contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and ocean acidification, but the vulnerability of different components is not well known. This study investigates the degradation dynamics of terrigenous organic matter in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, revealing differences in degradation between different chemical compounds.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Birgit Wild, Nicholas E. Ray, Celine Lett, Amelia Jane Davies, Elena Kirillova, Henry Holmstrand, Elizaveta Klevantceva, Alexander Osadchiev, Ivan Gangnus, Evgeniy Yakushev, Denis Kosmach, Oleg Dudarev, Orjan Gustafsson, Igor Semiletov, Volker Bruchert
Summary: This study focuses on the data-poor Arctic Ocean shelves north of Siberia, which are experiencing rapid warming and increasing nitrogen input due to permafrost thaw. The research finds that nitrogen concentrations in water column and sediments are elevated near large river mouths. N2O concentrations are weakly correlated with dissolved nitrogen and turbidity, indicating the influence of particulate matter from rivers and coastal erosion. The study suggests that N2O dynamics in the region are influenced by water column N2O consumption and production.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Norman Roessger, Torsten Sachs, Christian Wille, Julia Boike, Lars Kutzbach
Summary: This study provides long-term observational evidence of an increasing trend of early summer methane emissions from a permafrost site in the Lena River Delta linked to atmospheric warming.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Betsabe de la Barreda-bautista, Doreen S. Boyd, Martha Ledger, Matthias B. Siewert, Chris Chandler, Andrew V. Bradley, David Gee, David J. Large, Johan Olofsson, Andrew Sowter, Sofie Sjogersten
Summary: The study from sub-Arctic peatlands in Sweden shows that thawing permafrost is causing increasing subsidence rates. The combination of orthophotos, UAV, and InSAR data helps to more accurately monitor surface movements caused by permafrost thaw.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Christina Schaedel
Summary: Rising Arctic temperatures are accelerating coastal erosion, which not only threatens coastal communities and infrastructure, but also adds carbon to the atmosphere. Studies predict that Arctic coastal erosion will exceed historical variability and increase two to three times by the end of the century.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeong-Hun Kim, Seong-Joong Kim, Joo-Hong Kim, Michiya Hayashi, Maeng-Ki Kim
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing East Asian heatwaves (EAHWs) in relation to the Arctic-Siberian Plain (ASP). It finds that EAHWs are influenced by both long-term external factors and interannual variability. The external factors are attributed to global warming trends, while the interannual variability is related to circumglobal teleconnection and ASP teleconnection patterns.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meilian Chen, Ji-Hoon Kim, Yun Kyung Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Young Keun Jin, Jin Hur
Summary: Arctic subsea permafrost contains more organic carbon than terrestrial permafrost and is undergoing rapid degradation due to climate warming. Research shows that the release of dissolved organic matter from subsea permafrost to overlying water column may trigger significant carbon-climate feedbacks.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
A. Columbu, L. V. Zhornyak, G. Zanchetta, R. N. Drysdale, J. C. Hellstrom, I. Isola, E. Regattieri, A. E. Fallick
Summary: A multiproxy record from a stalagmite in Torgashinskaya Cave in Southern Siberia shows evidence of regional climate change occurring around 5000 years ago. The study reveals that the interval between 5000 and 4200 years ago was generally warmer and drier compared to the interval between 6000 and 5000 years ago. This research also highlights the similarities between the observed climate changes in this region and changes in Greenland ice cores, North Atlantic sediments, and Chinese speleothems.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Wetterich, N. Rudaya, L. Nazarova, L. Syrykh, M. Pavlova, O. Palagushkina, A. Kizyakov, J. Wolter, T. Kuznetsova, A. Aksenov, K. R. Stoof-Leichsenring, L. Schirrmeister, M. Fritz
Summary: The Yedoma type permafrost in Late Pleistocene serves as a valuable archive for paleo-environmental research with well-preserved floral and faunal fossils. Combining various paleo-proxy studies, including pollen, chironomid, diatom, and mammal fossil analyses from the Yedoma cliff in NE Siberia, provides insights into past ecosystem and climate variations. The records from different Marine Isotope Stages reveal changes in vegetation and temperature conditions over time.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hongjie Liang, Wen Zhou
Summary: Arctic summer sea ice has been declining in recent decades. This study investigates the Sea route and identifies three main modes: the LE-mode, L-mode, and E-mode. These modes exhibit different circulation patterns and cause earlier melt onset in different seas. The dominant modes have shifted over time, with the negative LE-mode dominant in the 1980s, positive LE-mode dominant in the early 1990s, and increased frequency of L-mode and E-mode since the mid-1990s.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Eric B. Borth, Heather D. Alexander, Nikita Zimov, Ryan W. McEwan
Summary: The goal of this project was to assess sources of regeneration limitation in L.cajanderi forests in northeastern Siberia. We focused on the regeneration potential of stands varying in tree density and analyzing seedling establishment patterns in relation to microsite conditions. The results showed that tree density was negatively related to cone production, and moderate density stands produced more cones. Safe sites in the landscape facilitated L.cajanderi seedling establishment, particularly in lowland areas. These findings suggest complex linkages between forest density, propagule availability, fire, safe sight colonization, and seedling establishment in the understudied L.cajanderi forests of the Siberian Arctic.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Evgeny Chuvilin, Boris Bukhanov, Sergey Grebenkin, Vladimir Tumskoy, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg Dudarev, Igor Semiletov, Mikhail Spasennykh
Summary: The temperature and thermal properties of shelf sediments from the East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara Seas were determined, revealing the widespread presence of subsea permafrost. The thermal conductivity of unfrozen cryotic sediments was predominantly influenced by the contents of silt and clay. Frozen sediments exhibited higher thermal conductivities, with salinity, ice content, and unfrozen water also playing roles in thermal conductivity.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dmitry A. Streletskiy, Sonia Clemens, Jean-Pierre Lanckman, Nikolay Shiklomanov
Summary: Climate change has negative impacts on Arctic ecosystems and northern communities, including disruptions in subsistence practices and threats to infrastructure. This study examines the effects of permafrost degradation on infrastructure in the Arctic region. Using climate models, the researchers estimate the changes in permafrost bearing capacity and ground subsidence, and identify infrastructure at risk. The results show significant costs associated with permafrost degradation, particularly in Russia. However, reducing greenhouse gas emissions can help mitigate these damages and inform adaptation strategies in Arctic states.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. Bukhanov, E. Chuvilin, M. Zhmaev, N. Shakhova, E. Spivak, O. Dudarev, A. Osadchiev, M. Spasennykh, I. Semiletov
Summary: Understanding the features of sediment temperature and physical properties in the shelf and continental slope areas of the Russian Arctic seas is crucial for assessing the current condition of subsea permafrost and gas hydrates stability zone.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ken D. Tape, Jason A. Clark, Benjamin M. Jones, Seth Kantner, Benjamin Gaglioti, Guido Grosse, Ingmar Nitze
Summary: Recent findings show that beavers have moved into the Arctic tundra and are controlling surface water dynamics through the construction of beaver ponds. The rapid expansion of beaver engineering is important for understanding permafrost thawing and the exacerbation of climate change effects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jung Hyun Park, Seong-Joong Kim, Hyung-Gyu Lim, Jong-Seong Kug, Eun Jin Yang, Baek-Min Kim
Summary: In recent decades, the accelerating rate of Arctic warming has increased river discharge into the Arctic Ocean, affecting phytoplankton response. In present-day climate simulations, additional river discharge reduces spring phytoplankton biomass due to increased sea ice concentration. However, in summer, phytoplankton increases due to surplus nitrate and increased vertical mixing caused by reduced summer sea ice melting water. Future climate simulations show similar effects, with major phytoplankton responses shifting from the Eurasian Basin to the Canada Basin and the East-Siberian Sea.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kyung Min Noh, Hyung-Gyu Lim, Eun Jin Yang, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: In recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has been warming and freshening, affecting nutrient supply, light availability, chlorophyll, and productivity. Uncertainties in chlorophyll and nutrient projections in Earth system models (ESMs) are found, with greater uncertainty in CMIP6 ESMs compared to CMIP5 ESMs. A strong relationship between background nitrate and projected chlorophyll is identified, and applying this relationship reduces the uncertainty of future chlorophyll projections. The probability of decreasing chlorophyll concentration is increased by approximately 36% after applying the emergent constraint.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chang-Hyun Park, Jung Choi, Seok-Woo Son, Daehyun Kim, Sang-Wook Yeh, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly influences the winter climate in western North America (WNA) through the Pacific/North American-like teleconnection pattern. However, the ENSO teleconnections over the WNA show significant sub-seasonal variation, particularly weakening in mid-winter due to convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. This sub-seasonal variation is poorly predicted by multi-model hindcasts, affecting the prediction skill of WNA surface air temperature in mid-winter.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jihae Kim, Daehyun Kang, Myong-In Lee, Emilia Kyung Jin, Jong-Seong Kug, Won Sang Lee
Summary: West Antarctica's sea ice variability is influenced by ENSO and IOD, which explain 20%-30% of the variation during austral spring. The variation is primarily linked with anomalous atmospheric circulation in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea (ABS), affecting poleward atmospheric temperature advection and radiative forcing. An idealized experiment shows that ENSO in the Pacific Ocean contributes more to the anticyclonic circulation anomaly in ABS compared to IOD in the Indian Ocean.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gayan Pathirana, Ji-Hoon Oh, Wenju Cai, Soon-Il An, Seung-Ki Min, Seo-Young Jo, Jongsoo Shin, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: Using a series of experiments, it was found that the frequency and maximum intensity of persistent extreme El Nino events increase further over time. These changes are associated with shifts in the intertropical convergence zone and intensified rainfall response to sea surface temperature change. The increasing frequency of these events has significant impacts on regional abnormalities and mean climate changes.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiuwei Zhao, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jae-Heung Park, Jing-Jia Luo, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: In this study, a new mechanism is proposed to explain the linkage between the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through upper-tropospheric teleconnections. It is found that wave energy associated with the NPO propagates directly from midlatitude to the tropics, modulating the tropical circulation and contributing to the development of El Nino events.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyo-Jeong Kim, Soon-Il An, Jae-Heung Park, Mi-Kyung Sung, Daehyun Kim, Yeonju Choi, Jin-Soo Kim
Summary: Accurate representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in global climate models is crucial for reliable future climate predictions and projections. In this study, the researchers analyzed low-frequency variability of the AMOC driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) using 42 coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models. The results showed that the influence of the simulated NAO on the AMOC differs significantly between the models due to the diverse oceanic mean state, especially over the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), where deep water formation of the AMOC occurs.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiuwei Zhao, Mi-Kyung Sung, Jae-Heung Park, Jing-Jia Luo, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the initiation of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. It proposes a new mechanism that suggests the NPO-related wave activity flux directly induces equatorial wind anomalies, resulting in ENSO events. The study also reveals that the strength of the southward wave activity flux over the central Pacific is a crucial factor in simulating the NPO-ENSO linkage.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinling Piao, Wen Chen, Jin-Soo Kim, Wen Zhou, Shangfeng Chen, Peng Hu, Xiaoqing Lan
Summary: The summer rainfall over East China is expected to increase due to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon in a warmer climate. However, the impact of global warming on the seasonality of precipitation remains uncertain and is closely related to monsoon circulation. This study projects future changes in intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics over East China, indicating the need to slow down global warming to mitigate potential adverse impacts.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xin Geng, Kyung-Min Noh, Jong-Seong Kug, Wenjun Zhang
Summary: In this study, the influence of El Nino on winter surface air temperature in southeastern China was examined. It was found that El Nino events are associated with warmer-than-normal minimum temperatures, while the response of maximum temperatures is weak. Further analysis indicates that this temperature change is related to changes in the local wind field.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. J. Heim, M. Iturrate-Garcia, M. Reji Chacko, S. Karsanaev, T. C. Maximov, M. M. P. D. Heijmans, G. Schaepman-Strub
Summary: Climate change in the Arctic region relaxes temperature and nutrient boundaries, leading to a shift in economic strategy of tundra shrubs from conservative to acquisitive. A study shows that combined fertilization and warming increase light absorptance in Arctic shrubs, and that light absorptance is correlated with leaf nutrients but not with leaf structure. This finding suggests that FAPAR can be used to estimate nutritional leaf traits and ecological feedbacks of the tundra ecosystem on broader scales.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seo-Yeon Kim, Yeong-Ju Choi, Seok-Woo Son, Kevin M. Grise, Paul W. Staten, Soon-Il An, Sang-Wook Yeh, Jong-Seong Kug, Seung-Ki Min, Jongsoo Shin
Summary: A poleward shift of the Hadley cell edge in a warming climate does not reverse when CO2 concentrations are reduced, with the Southern Hemisphere remaining poleward and the Northern Hemisphere moving equatorward. These hemispherically asymmetric changes are linked to wind shear variations in the subtropical atmosphere caused by the slow ocean response to CO2 removal. The findings suggest that CO2 removal may not restore the subtropical dryness associated with Hadley cell changes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Fei-Fei Jin, Jongsoo Shin, Jong-Seong Kug, Wenjun Zhang, Malte F. Stuecker, Xinyi Yuan, Aoyun Xue, Xin Geng, Soong-Ki Kim
Summary: Studies show that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits strong hysteresis responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, which may amplify and prolong its impact in a warming climate, leading to significant socioeconomic consequences.
Editorial Material
Ecology
Andrew Gonzalez, Petteri Vihervaara, Patricia Balvanera, Amanda E. Bates, Elisa Bayraktarov, Peter J. Bellingham, Andreas Bruder, Jillian Campbell, Michael D. Catchen, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Jonathan Chase, Nicholas Coops, Mark J. Costello, Maria Dornelas, Gregoire Dubois, Emmett J. Duffy, Hilde Eggermont, Nestor Fernandez, Simon Ferrier, Gary N. Geller, Michael Gill, Dominique Gravel, Carlos A. Guerra, Robert Guralnick, Michael Harfoot, Tim Hirsch, Sean Hoban, Alice C. Hughes, Margaret E. Hunter, Forest Isbell, Walter Jetz, Norbert Juergens, W. Daniel Kissling, Cornelia B. Krug, Yvan Le Bras, Brian Leung, Maria Cecilia Londono-Murcia, Jean-Michel Lord, Michel Loreau, Amy Luers, Keping Ma, Anna J. Macdonald, Melodie Mcgeoch, Katie L. Millette, Zsolt Molnar, Akira S. Mori, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Laetitia Navarro, Tim Newbold, Aidin Niamir, David Obura, Mary O'Connor, Marc Paganini, Henrique Pereira, Timothee Poisot, Laura J. Pollock, Andy Purvis, Adriana Radulovici, Duccio Rocchini, Michael Schaepman, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Dirk S. Schmeller, Ute Schmiedel, Fabian D. Schneider, Mangal Man Shakya, Andrew Skidmore, Andrew L. Skowno, Yayoi Takeuchi, Mao-Ning Tuanmu, Eren Turak, Woody Turner, Mark C. Urban, Nicolas Urbina-Cardona, Ruben Valbuena, Basile van Havre, Elaine Wright
Summary: The rate and extent of global biodiversity change is exceeding our capabilities in measurement, monitoring, and prediction. To address this, we propose the establishment of a global biodiversity observing system (GBiOS) that is interconnected, coordinating worldwide monitoring efforts and informing action towards international biodiversity targets.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Fei-Fei Jin, Malte F. Stuecker, Wenjun Zhang, Jong-Seong Kug, Xinyi Yuan, Jongsoo Shin, Aoyun Xue, Xin Geng, Soong-Ki Kim
Summary: This study reveals the hysteresis of ENSO skewness in response to CO2 forcing. The positive SST skewness in the tropical Pacific weakens with increasing CO2 and weakens even further with decreasing CO2. The migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone leads to more active and eastward-located strong El Nino events, resulting in a reduction of central Pacific ENSO skewness.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)