Review
Cell Biology
Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga, Leticia Alves Fernandes, Paula Fratini, Mari Cleide Sogayar, Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete vesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, repair, and therapeutic applications. MSC-derived EVs have advantages such as low immunogenicity and the ability to pass through barriers, making them potential drug delivery agents for various diseases. Extensive in vitro studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms and signaling pathways of EVs. Clinical trials are underway to explore the therapeutic potential of EVs in Alzheimer's disease, retina degeneration, and COVID-19. This review provides an overview of different EV isolation methods and highlights their therapeutic applications in tissue repair and regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Michal Domaniza, Marian Hluchy, Dasa Cizkova, Filip Humenik, Lucia Slovinska, Nikola Hudakova, Lubica Hornakova, Juraj Vozar, Alexandra Trbolova
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential of cell-based regenerative therapy for elbow joints affected by osteoarthritis. The results showed that two injections of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved joint range of motion and had an impact on synovial fluid biomarkers. Concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased while IL-10 increased between day 0 and day 28 after treatment.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kristeen Ye Wen Teo, Shipin Zhang, Jia Tong Loh, Ruenn Chai Lai, Hwee Weng Dennis Hey, Kong-Peng Lam, Sai Kiang Lim, Wei Seong Toh
Summary: MSC exosomes promote the polarization of M2-like macrophages through activation of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and CD73-mediated adenosine production. The production of adenosine activates AKT/ERK-dependent signaling pathways via binding to adenosine receptors A(2A) and A(2B). These findings highlight the critical role of CD73 in mediating M2-like macrophage polarization by MSC exosomes, and have implications for predicting the immunomodulatory potency of MSC exosome preparations.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Shalmali Pendse, Vaijayanti Kale, Anuradha Vaidya
Summary: The review discusses strategies for improving the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) through pre-conditioning, particularly focusing on the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in treatment. Studies suggest that effective pre-conditioning of MSCs in vitro may alter the molecular profile of their secretome, which could potentially be utilized as a cell-free biologic in clinical settings.
CURRENT STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ziyi Li, Yafei Wang, Shilun Li, Yukun Li
Summary: Bone regeneration is a complex process involving the coordination of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, with the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs playing a critical role. Recent studies have shown that exosomes from M2 macrophages facilitate osteogenesis and reduce adipogenesis through the miR-690/IRS-1/TAZ axis, potentially serving as a therapeutic tool for bone loss diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Matthew H. Forsberg, John A. Kink, Anna S. Thickens, Bryson M. Lewis, Charlie J. Childs, Peiman Hematti, Christian M. Capitini
Summary: Exosomes from LPS-primed MSCs can directly educate human monocytes for the treatment of ARS, leading to prolonged survival and improved hematopoiesis. This method shows potential as a counter-measure for hematopoietic ARS with reduced biomanufacturing time.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mengying Yao, Bing Cui, Weihong Zhang, Wentao Ma, Gaofeng Zhao, Lihua Xing
Summary: This study characterized the effects of miR-21 delivered by exosomes from MSCs on macrophage polarization in a mouse sepsis model. Beta MSC-derived exosomes induced M2-like polarization of macrophages more effectively, improving survival rates in septic mice. Exosomal miR-21 was identified as a key mediator of the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs induced by IL-1 beta pretreatment, providing a potential therapeutic basis for sepsis.
Review
Immunology
Maedeh Arabpour, Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei
Summary: MSC-derived exosomes have the potential to polarize M2 macrophages and modulate inflammation in various diseases and conditions like CNS diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiomyopathy.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quan-Wen Liu, Qi-Ming Huang, Han-You Wu, Guo-Si-Lang Zuo, Hao-Cheng Gu, Ke-Yu Deng, Hong-Bo Xin
Summary: Stem cell therapy has the potential to repair tissues and improve functional recovery, but faces challenges such as ethical barriers and immune rejection. Human amnion-derived stem cells (hADSCs) show advantages over other stem cells, including high pluripotency and immunomodulatory effects, making them a promising source for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingwen Zhuang, Ruiyue Hang, Ruoyue Sun, Yanshu Ding, Xiaohong Yao, Ruiqiang Hang, Hui Sun, Long Bai
Summary: Exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have multifaceted effects on osseointegration and hold great promise as a safe, efficient, and ethically unrestricted therapy.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jingman Li, Yuchen Pan, Jingjing Yang, Jiali Wang, Qi Jiang, Huan Dou, Yayi Hou
Summary: This study established a new murine IUA model and found that TNF-α pretreatment enhanced the ability of MSCs to alleviate inflammation and reduce fibrosis. T-MSCs promoted macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype through exosomes, with Galectin-1 playing a key role.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Maria I. Quinones-Vico, Raquel Sanabria de la Torre, Manuel Sanchez-Diaz, Alvaro Sierra-Sanchez, Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Ana Fernandez-Gonzalez, Salvador Arias-Santiago
Summary: The skin, the largest organ of the human body, has important functions including protection and maintenance. MSCs and their secretome, particularly exosomes, are believed to play a significant role in skin repair and regeneration, indicating the need for further research for clinical translation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hon Shing Ong, Andri K. Riau, Gary Hin-Fai Yam, Nur Zahirah Binte M. Yusoff, Evelina J. Y. Han, Tze-Wei Goh, Ruenn Chai Lai, Sai Kiang Lim, Jodhbir S. Mehta
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) on corneal injury in a rat model. The results showed that MSC-exo treatment promoted wound closure, reduced corneal haze, attenuated vascularization and fibrosis, and modulated the immune response towards a regenerative and anti-inflammatory phenotype. These findings suggest that topical application of MSC-exo could be a potential therapeutic approach for corneal scarring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Weronika Gonciarz, Ewelina Piatczak, Magdalena Chmiela
Summary: Salvia cadmica extracts have immunomodulating activity and can control the activity of macrophages stimulated by Hp LPS. These extracts decrease macrophage activation and cytokine secretion induced by Hp LPS, while increasing the phagocytic capacity of macrophages and enhancing their ability to engulf Hp.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bin Zhang, Biyan Zhang, Ruenn Chai Lai, Wei Kian Sim, Kong Peng Lam, Sai Kiang Lim
Summary: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have shown promise in treating various human diseases in animal models. However, the potential for contraindication in fibrotic diseases due to their ability to induce pro-fibrotic M2 macrophage polarization is an important consideration. Despite this, MSC-sEVs were found to be effective in reducing liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Gallo, Nicola Cuscino, Flavia Contino, Matteo Bulati, Mariangela Pampalone, Giandomenico Amico, Giovanni Zito, Claudia Carcione, Claudio Centi, Alessandro Bertani, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Vitale Miceli
Summary: Studies have shown that MSC spheroids cultured in three dimensions exhibit enhanced therapeutic properties and can regulate processes such as proliferation/differentiation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. This represents a promising approach to cell-based therapy and has significant implications for regenerative medicine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariangela Pampalone, Giampiero Vitale, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Giandomenico Amico, Gioacchin Iannolo, Bruno Douradinha, Alessandra Mularoni, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Giada Pietrosi
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of hA-MSCs in treating carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections in ascites, with significant effects on bacterial load and immune factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Eleonora Russo, Simona Corrao, Francesca Di Gaudio, Giusi Alberti, Martin Caprnda, Peter Kubatka, Peter Kruzliak, Vitale Miceli, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Cesario Venturina Borlongan, Giampiero La Rocca
Summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in over 650 million cases and 6.6 million deaths worldwide. The respiratory system is primarily affected, with typical symptoms including fever, cough, sore throat, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and fatigue. The abnormal inflammatory response known as the cytokine storm can lead to multiorgan disease and death. While vaccines have been developed to prevent infection, treating severe cases remains challenging. Researchers are exploring new strategies, such as cell therapy using perinatal tissues enriched with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have anti-inflammatory properties, modulate immune responses, and promote tissue repair. This review focuses on umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) and their potential as a therapeutic strategy, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as recent clinical trials.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Vitale Miceli, Giovanni Zito, Matteo Bulati, Alessia Gallo, Rosalia Busa, Gioacchin Iannolo, Pier Giulio Conaldi
Summary: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have shown limited efficacy in treating human diseases due to their heterogeneity. Specific priming strategies have been used to improve the therapeutic properties of MSCs by directing their effects towards specific pathological processes. Fine-tuning the therapeutic properties of MSCs through different priming strategies could optimize their potential.
WORLD JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vitale Miceli, Matteo Bulati, Alessia Gallo, Gioacchin Iannolo, Rosalia Busa, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Giovanni Zito
Summary: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a harmful process that occurs when blood flow is interrupted and restored, causing cell death and tissue dysfunction. Current therapies are not effective, creating a need for new approaches. Emerging evidence shows that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair through paracrine effects. This review explores the potential use of MSCs and their secretome for treating IRI in various tissues/organs.
Review
Microbiology
Davide Lo Porto, Andrea Cona, Francesca Todaro, Elena De Carolis, Francesca Cardinale, Neha Hafeez, Giuseppina Di Martino, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Paolo Antonio Grossi, Alessandra Mularoni
Summary: Phaeohyphomycosis is a diverse infection caused by pigmented fungi, and solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk due to immunosuppression. In this study, three successful cases of phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients were treated with surgery and antifungal therapy. A literature review revealed a wide range of fungal species, with Alternaria being the most common. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing disease dissemination.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Duilio Pagano, Ester Badami, Giovanni Zito, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Ivan Vella, Barbara Buscemi, Giandomenico Amico, Rosalia Busa, Paola Salis, Sergio Li Petri, Fabrizio di Francesco, Sergio Calamia, Pasquale Bonsignore, Alessandro Tropea, Caterina Accardo, Salvatore Piazza, Salvatore Gruttadauria
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the immune system after graft reperfusion during kidney transplantation in adults in order to identify predictive biomarkers. The study found that the percentage of T-lymphocytes in the liver perfusate was significantly associated with delayed functional recovery and secondary infection. However, there was no significant association between the proportions of NK cells and NK-T cells with clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Eleonora Russo, Giusi Alberti, Simona Corrao, Cesar V. Borlongan, Vitale Miceli, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Francesca Di Gaudio, Giampiero La Rocca
Summary: The potential of perinatal cells and their secreted EVs in regenerative medicine is well established. They exhibit therapeutic effects such as tissue repair, immune system modulation, and other functions. However, challenges remain in characterizing and utilizing these cells and EVs.
Article
Biology
Matteo Bulati, Alessia Gallo, Giovanni Zito, Rosalia Busa, Gioacchin Iannolo, Nicola Cuscino, Salvatore Castelbuono, Claudia Carcione, Claudio Centi, Gennaro Martucci, Alessandro Bertani, Maria Pia Baiamonte, Cinzia Maria Chinnici, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Vitale Miceli
Summary: This study investigated the effects of priming on the miRNA expression of MSCs and their exosomes. The results showed that different priming conditions led to distinct miRNA expression patterns in both MSCs and exosomes, but there were common deregulated miRNAs related to tissue repair/regeneration. The findings suggest that both 3D culture and IFN-gamma treatment can enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs by modulating miRNA expression. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the miRNA-mediated beneficial effects of MSCs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Gallo, Nicola Cuscino, Claudia Carcione, Rosalia Busa, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Matteo Bulati
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has become a global public health hazard and despite vaccination efforts, it continues to pose a threat. Studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with ARDS treated with ECMO have a similar survival rate to those with non-COVID-19-related ARDS. This study examined the changes in the transcriptomic BCR repertoire in COVID-19 patients at different stages using single-cell V(D)J and gene expression sequencing.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Federica Avorio, Gianvincenzo Sparacia, Giovanna Russelli, Aurelio Seidita, Giuseppe Mamone, Rossella Alduino, Fabio Tuzzolino, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Roberto Miraglia, Matteo Bulati, Vincenzina Lo Re
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether cerebral small vessels disease (cSVD) predicts acute neurological complications (NCs) in liver transplant patients aged 65 years or older. The results showed that more severe cSVD was associated with seizures, longer hospital stay, and disability. Hepatic encephalopathy and ascites were predictors of NCs after liver transplantation.
NEUROLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)