Economic burden of coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease in patients at high risk of ischemic events in the French setting: a claims database analysis

Aims: Estimate the direct costs of high-risk patients presenting with coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD) in France. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study used a representative claims database, the Echantillon Generaliste de Beneficiaires (EGB), to identify patients presenting with CAD or PAD between 2011 and 2016. Among those, patients meeting the COMPASS trial selection criteria were selected, as well as controls matched on age and sex. Direct costs (Euros 2016) were estimated in a societal perspective by comparing case and controls. Results: The adult population presenting with CAD or PAD in the EGB in 2016 was estimated at 29,888 individuals, representing a crude prevalence rate of 5.44%. After using the documented selection criteria of the COMPASS study, this population (COMPASS-like) was estimated at 17,369 individuals (58.1% of the CAD and/or PAD total population). Among them, a proportion of 11.5% presented with CAD + PAD. Compared with the original COMPASS population, patients were older (76.5 vs 68.2 years) and with a lower male predominance (60.0% vs 78.2% males). Compared with controls, the COMPASS-like population was characterized by a higher annual mortality (5.9% vs 3.5%) and the presence of more comorbidities on top of CAD and/or PAD. The annual per capita extra direct cost of the COMPASS-like population was estimated at euro4,284, with a main contribution from inpatient care (58.9%). This extra cost was higher in the PAD +/- CAD sub-group (euro5,552) and the CAD + PAD sub-group (euro8,067). Limitations: The EGB had limitations about several clinical features defining high-risk patients that may lead to bias in our estimates. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of CAD and/or PAD and the associated high unit costs, this population generates a significant economic burden, which is higher among patients with PAD and in those presenting simultaneously with both conditions.