Recurrence of urinary tract infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli caused by homologous strains among which clone ST131-O25b is dominant

Objectives: Bacterial features associated with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) are not well understood. In this study, phylogenetic groups and ST131 subclones were investigated to assess strain homology of ESBL-E. coli isolates in patients with RUTIs in inpatient and outpatient settings in western Sweden. Methods: Almost all isolates (319/356) from 123 patients with 2-7 episodes (median 2 episodes) of ESBL-E. coli UTI within 1 year were examined for seven E. coli phylogroups, the ST131-O25b clone and its subclonefimH30-Rx. Antimicrobial resistance and ESBL genes were determined for the index isolates. A subset of isolates was typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: The same phylogroup and ST131 subclones were seen for all recurrences in 119/123 patients, and PFGE confirmed strain homology in recurrences for 43/44 patients tested. Phylogroup B2 dominated (56%), followed by D (19%) and F (10%). ST131-O25b andfimH30-Rx isolates were detected in 44% and 30%, respectively. CTX-M group 1 (71%) predominated. Elderly patients were in the majority. There were no associations between patient demographics or time to recurrence and bacterial characteristics. The fimH30-Rx subclone was associated with a higher number of recurrences (P= 0.015) compared with the remaining B2 isolates. Conclusion: In ESBL-E. coli RUTI, most recurrences were caused by the initial infecting strain. The high frequency of the multidrug-resistant fimH30-Rx subclone and its association with multiple recurrences warrants further attention and early detection of this subclone in patients at risk of developing RUTI with ESBL-E. coli. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.