Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Patrick Taffe
Summary: The Bland and Altman limits of agreement method is commonly used to compare two measurement methods for continuous outcomes, but may not be suitable in cases where the assumptions are violated. In such situations, alternative statistical methods that require repeated measurements by at least one method should be considered.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Zhen Yang, Yongbin Liu, Chunping Ouyang, Lin Ren, Wen Wen
Summary: Medical question and answering is crucial for medical AI, but current methods overlook the imbalance in data generation and the pseudo-correlation caused by text characteristics. This study proposes a counterfactual-based approach that uses ChatGPT and label resetting to create counterfactual data and alleviate data imbalance issues. The method achieves state-of-the-art results and reduces false correlation caused by confounders.
INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Elvira D'Andrea, Lydia Vinals, Elisabetta Patorno, Jessica M. Franklin, Dimitri Bennett, Joan A. Largent, Daniela C. Moga, Hongbo Yuan, Xuerong Wen, Andrew R. Zullo, Thomas P. A. Debray, Grammati Sarri
Summary: This study systematically reviewed 44 assessment tools for non-randomised studies (NRS) and found that most tools do not adequately address critical elements influencing the validity of NRS findings for the comparative safety and effectiveness of medications. The study suggests that future research should integrate these critical elements into the assessment methods.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rongguang Wang, Pratik Chaudhari, Christos Davatzikos
Summary: Despite concerns about biases and poor generalization, properly trained machine learning models can generalize well across diverse conditions and do not necessarily suffer from bias. This study demonstrates this by using multistudy consortia to diagnose three brain diseases and finding that well-trained models have a high AUC and are unbiased across different subgroups. Models incorporating multisource data are also unbiased and have better predictive AUC across subgroups, although additional features may not always improve performance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ayaka Fukushima, Gun Uchino, Tatsuki Akabane, Ayaka Aiseki, Ishara Perera, Naoki Hirotsu
Summary: The study investigated the effects of soaking temperature on phytase activity and PA content in GBR, showing that phytase activity peaked at 50 degrees C and PA content was significantly decreased. This can potentially improve mineral bioavailability in brown rice.
Article
Ecology
Thomas Kopp, Markus Nabernegg
Summary: The study provides empirical evidence on the environmental impact of inequality and suggests that reducing inequality levels can increase carbon footprints. There is a conflict of objectives in relatively rich and egalitarian countries for surface sealing and forest land use, while relatively poor and initially unequal countries have room for jointly reducing environmental impacts and inequality. The results highlight the importance of accompanying policy measures to reduce inequality with policies that limit harmful environmental impacts in order to achieve joint reductions in inequality and environmental impact, especially in wealthier countries.
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Agnieszka Czaplicka, Christos Charalambous, Raul Toral, Maxi San Miguel
Summary: This study explores the dynamics of the voter model in the presence of confidence and bias. Analytical and numerical methods are used to investigate the impact of biased voters and their connectivity on the time and probability of achieving consensus. The findings suggest that the time to consensus increases with the fraction of biased voters and the degree of bias. Furthermore, different strategies for generating random network topologies can significantly affect the efficiency of reaching consensus and the influence of biased groups.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Arjen Alink, Helen Blank
Summary: The study challenges the traditional notion that expectation suppression is due to reduced prediction errors, proposing instead that it may be explained by reduced attention effects. The reduced responses to predictable stimuli could also be attributed to a decreased saliency-driven allocation of attention. Resolving this controversy requires assessing the qualitative differences in how attention and surprise enhance brain responses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sven N. Willner, Nicole Glanemann, Anders Levermann
Summary: Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are likely to impact both natural systems and global economies, potentially leading to a 20% reduction in income due to varying temperatures affecting economic growth. The losses, with 40% attributed to growth effects and 50% to reduced incentive to invest, are not solely from explicit climate protection policies. Economic optimal climate-change mitigation efforts can help maintain high returns and reduce losses in optimal investment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gladys G. Olivera, Andrea Urtasun, Luis Sendra, Salvador F. Alino, Yania Yanez, Vanessa Segura, Pablo Gargallo, Pablo Berlanga, Victoria Castel, Adela Canete, Maria Jose Herrero
Summary: Pharmacogenetics is essential in tailoring therapies for patients, especially in pediatric cancer and complex malignancies, to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
G. M. Pereira, A. A. Egito, R. C. Gomes, M. N. Ribas, R. A. A. Torres Junior, J. A. Fernandes Junior, G. R. O. Menezes
Summary: The study evaluated genetic parameters related to water intake and efficiency in Senepol cattle, finding that traits related to water use efficiency may help identify cattle with reduced water intake, and also showed a relationship between water intake and dry matter intake.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Douglas J. Navarick, Kristen M. Moreno
Summary: This study explores the effectiveness of impartiality settings in suppressing personal biases. The results show that in an emergency department scenario, individuals are often influenced by factors such as age, kinship, and hero concept, resulting in biases. However, age bias disappears in high-risk situations, and kinship bias reverses in moderate fall risk situations. The findings suggest that impartiality settings are not effective in suppressing biases.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Julian Matschinske, Nicolas Alcaraz, Arriel Benis, Martin Golebiewski, Dominik G. Grimm, Lukas Heumos, Tim Kacprowski, Olga Lazareva, Markus List, Zakaria Louadi, Josch K. Pauling, Nico Pfeifer, Richard Roettger, Veit Schwaemmle, Gregor Sturm, Alberto Traverso, Kristel Van Steen, Martiela Vaz de Freitas, Gerda Cristal Villalba Silva, Leonard Wee, Nina K. Wenke, Massimiliano Zanin, Olga Zolotareva, Jan Baumbach, David B. Blumenthal
Summary: The AIMe registry is a community-driven reporting platform for AI in biomedicine, aiming to improve the accessibility, reproducibility, and usability of biomedical AI models, and allowing future revisions by the community.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Neda Milinkovic, Snezana Jovicic, Svetlana Ignjatovic
Summary: Measurement Uncertainty (MU) is a recommended statistical method in laboratory medicine to assess test quality, but its calculation is complex. MU reflects the quality of the entire laboratory measurement process, and a simpler presentation is needed for daily laboratory work. The true value of the analyte cannot be known, but estimating MU is important for interpreting measurement results and improving laboratory practice.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hien Ngoc Nguyen, Ganix Lasa, Ion Iriarte, Ariane Atxa, Gorka Unamuno, Gurutz Galfarsoro
Summary: This article presents a dataset of service design skills and the research methods used, providing transparent data and codes for design practitioners and researchers to use.