Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William Fusco, Manuel Bernabeu Lorenzo, Marco Cintoni, Serena Porcari, Emanuele Rinninella, Francesco Kaitsas, Elena Lener, Maria Cristina Mele, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Carmen Collado, Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial for gut health and have implications in various diseases. They are produced by specific bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota and can be influenced by specific foods or supplements. This review provides an overview of SCFAs, their production by bacteria, and potential therapeutic approaches to boost their levels and treat related diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Michael K. Collins, Gerard M. Moloney, Emily G. Knox, Maria R. Aburto, Christine Fulling, Shane J. Morley, Gerard Clarke, Harriet Schellekens, John F. Cryan
Summary: The role of the intestinal microbiota in regulating gut-brain axis signaling has gained attention in recent years. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the brain is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches, including identifying psychobiotics. Current research focuses on the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, on brain function, behavior, and physiology, and how these SCFAs enter the systemic circulation and can potentially impact the brain.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rafli Zulfa Kamil, Agnes Murdiati, Mohammad Juffrie, Jiro Nakayama, Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in gut microbiota profile and gastrointestinal environment between normal and undernutrition children. Results showed lower energy intake in the undernutrition group and overexpression of certain genera in the gut microbiota. The gastrointestinal conditions were found to be more acidic in the normal group due to higher concentrations of propionate and butyrate.
Article
Microbiology
Isabelle Bourdeau-Julien, Sophie Castonguay-Paradis, Gabrielle Rochefort, Julie Perron, Benoit Lamarche, Nicolas Flamand, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Alain Veilleux, Frederic Raymond
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a lead-in diet on the response to a short-term dietary intervention. The results showed that dietary changes had an immediate and reversible modulation on gut microbiota composition, endocannabinoidome mediators, short-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain fatty acids. The response of gut microbiota composition was more influenced by the lead-in diet, while the endocannabinoidome response was not affected. Higher initial microbiome diversity favored the stability of gut microbiota in response to dietary changes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kihyun Lee, Namil Kim, Jung Ok Shim, Gun-Ha Kim
Summary: Our study investigated the gut microbiota of children with intractable epilepsy and found dysbiosis compared to healthy controls, with specific microbial markers identified for epilepsy. This research provides new evidence for understanding the association between epilepsy and gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shirley Mei-Sin Tran, M. Hasan Mohajeri
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests correlations between gut microbiome and human health, including brain-related diseases. This study systematically assessed literature on gut bacterial metabolites and their associations with diseases of the central nervous system. Findings indicate altered bacterial metabolites in various brain diseases, with potential neuroactive effects by certain gut-derived metabolites.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anca Motataianu, Georgiana Serban, Sebastian Andone
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids play a crucial role in ALS progression, affecting immune function, inflammation, gut barrier, and energy metabolism. Dietary habits may influence the gut microbiota and impact the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lin Li, Lifen Chen, Yuanyan Yang, Junqi Wang, Li Guo, Jingjing An, Xiaoyu Ma, Wenli Lu, Yuan Xiao, Xinqiong Wang, Zhiya Dong
Summary: This study explores the potential relationship between gut microbiota, their metabolites, and idiopathic short stature disease (ISS). By comparing the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) between children with ISS and those of normal height, the study shows that the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of its metabolites may be related to ISS pathogenesis. Specific strains with increased or decreased abundance could serve as biomarkers for diagnosing ISS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nusrat Begum, Aniket Mandhare, Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena, Saurabh Srivastava, Mohd Farooq Shaikh, Shashi Bala Singh, Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
Summary: The gut-brain axis is a communication network between the gut and brain, and the gut microbiota plays a significant role in regulating this axis. Microbial metabolites from the gut can modulate epigenetic regulation and impact the development of various diseases. Dysbiosis and epigenetics are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sumudu Rajakaruna, Sergio Perez-Burillo, Denise Lynette Kramer, Jose Angel Rufian-Henares, Oleg Paliy
Summary: In this study, the impact of melanoidins extracted from biscuits or bread crust on the human gut microbiota was assessed using a three-stage Human Gut Simulator system. Results showed that the addition of melanoidins led to significant changes in microbial community composition, with greater effects observed for biscuit melanoidins. Furthermore, the presence of lipid components in biscuit melanoidin structures may contribute to these differences. Melanoidins, being resistant to degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes, provide an additional source of nutrition for gut microbes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuanhuan Wei, Jingjing Liang, Yixiang Su, Jue Wang, William Kwame Amakye, Jianliang Pan, Xinwei Chu, Bingjie Ma, Yanyan Song, Yan Li, Limei Mao, Zheqing Zhang
Summary: The study found that the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids are significantly associated with obesity and body fat distribution in the pediatric population, playing an important role in children's bodies.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ana Nogal, Ana M. Valdes, Cristina Menni
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in modulating gut microbiota composition and function, affecting the production of SCFAs which have beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic health. Targeting the gut microbiota through dietary strategies to increase SCFA production may be beneficial in improving cardio-metabolic outcomes.
Review
Immunology
Sonakshi Rastogi, Sneha Mohanty, Sapna Sharma, Prabhanshu Tripathi
Summary: This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the effects of dietary metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on the gut-lung axis and its impact on lung health. The role of the gut-lung axis in SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation is also highlighted. By analyzing global research progress and knowledge gaps, the study predicts future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Courtney Mowat, Jasmine Dhatt, Ilsa Bhatti, Angela Hamie, Kristi Baker
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) growth can be influenced by the metabolic activities of intestinal microbiota, specifically short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study investigates how SCFA treatment directly regulates immune modulating pathways in CRC cells and found that SCFAs can significantly activate CD8+ T cells. The response to SCFAs was subtype-dependent, with MSI CRCs being more sensitive and showing better activation of CD8+ T cells compared to CIN CRCs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariem Chamtouri, Naoufel Gaddour, Abderrahmen Merghni, Maha Mastouri, Silvia Arboleya, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan
Summary: Alterations in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids have been observed in autistic children in Tunisia. The differences in gut microbiota composition, specifically lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, were more pronounced in younger children with severe autism. Higher levels of propionic and valeric acids were also found in younger autistic children, but these differences disappeared as they grew older.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Gemma Maisey, Marcus Cattani, Amanda Devine, Johnny Lo, Shih Ching Fu, Ian C. Dunican
Summary: The study found that shift workers at remote mining operations experience shorter sleep duration, reduced alertness, and a higher risk for sleep disorders.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Brett Crisafulli, Johnny Lo, Ute Mueller, Karina Ryan, David Fairclough
Summary: Quantifying recreational fishing harvest by weight is important for stock assessments and fisheries management. This study evaluates the impact of uncertainty in lengths and weights from different data sources in determining average weights and estimated recreational harvest of four demersal species in Western Australia. Standardized average weights from generalized linear models were found to be more precise than arithmetic means, and data from charter-boat logbooks and biological samples generally produced higher harvest estimates. Addressing uncertainty from self-reporting, data sets, and small sample sizes can increase confidence in recreational harvest estimates.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Mitchell Turner, Philipp Beranek, Johnny Lo, Alexander Ferrauti, Ian C. Dunican, Travis Cruickshank
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of time of day, chronotype, and sleep-wake behavior on tennis players' skills and physical attributes. The findings revealed that time of day and sleep-wake behavior can influence tennis skills, but chronotype does not have a significant impact on skills and physical performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2022)
Review
Developmental Biology
Vincent O. Mancini, Juliet Brook, Christian Hernandez, Deborah Strickland, Claus T. Christophersen, Nina D'Vaz, Desiree Silva, Susan Prescott, Bridget Callaghan, Jenny Downs, Amy Finlay-Jones
Summary: This review aims to summarize the literature on the associations between maternal or infant immune or gut microbiome biomarkers and child neurodevelopmental outcomes within 5 years of life. A total of 69 studies out of 23,495 retrieved articles were included in this review. The results showed that associations between biomarkers and neurodevelopmental outcomes were generally nonsignificant and small in effect size. Studies examining biomarkers from both the immune system and the gut microbiome are limited, and there is a need for more integrated research in this area.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Family Studies
Susan M. Hill, Matthew F. Byrne, Elizabeth Wenden, Amanda Devine, Margaret Miller, Henrietta Quinlan, Donna Cross, Judy Eastham, Miranda Chester
Summary: A substantial body of literature supports the benefits of school breakfast programs, but Australia lacks a nationally-funded program and instead relies on charitable organizations. This study in Western Australian schools found that the implementation of school breakfast programs varied, with more holistic approaches showing greater social benefits at classroom and whole school levels. These findings have implications for improving support for vulnerable students and reducing the impact of disadvantage in Australian schools and other countries.
CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Mitchell Turner, Philipp Beranek, Sofyan Sahrom, Johnny Lo, Alexander Ferrauti, Ian C. Dunican, Travis Cruickshank
Summary: This study aimed to determine the influence of time of day, chronotype, and sleep-wake behavior on internal and external outcomes of tennis matches. The results showed that evening matches had increased unforced errors and decreased winners and forced errors compared to morning and afternoon matches. The total distance and rate of perceived exertion during the second set were also lower in evening matches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gina S. A. Trapp, Paula Hooper, Wesley Billingham, Lukar Thornton, Ainslie Sartori, Kelly Kennington, Amanda Devine, Stephanie Godrich, Ros Sambell, Justine Howard, Alexia Bivoltsis
Summary: This study aims to assess the availability of fast-food outlets near schools in Perth and determine whether there are differences based on area-level disadvantage and school type.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michaela Johnston, Therese O'Sullivan, Amanda Devine, Ruth Wallace, Leesa Costello, Ros Sambell
Summary: This study investigated the amount and bioavailability of iron provided to toddlers aged 2-3 years at long-day care services. The results showed that the services provided an adequate amount of iron and it was bioavailable for the toddlers. Future strategies should focus on promoting the bioavailability of iron in the meals served.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Margaret Miller, Donna Barwood, Amanda Devine, Julie Boston, Sandra Smith, Martin Masek
Summary: This study explores the use of food systems as an alternative pedagogical approach for nutrition education, and finds that cross-curricular education through a food systems lens can engage adolescents in nutrition education.
JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rachael C. Heath C. Jeffery, Johnny Lo, Jennifer A. Thompson, Tina M. Lamey, Terri L. McLaren, John N. DeRoach, Miguel S. Kabilio, Fred K. Chen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the proportion of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients meeting the Australian fitness to drive (FTD) visual standards. The results showed that nearly 40% of RP patients met the driving standards, but almost 50% of patients were unaware of their failure to meet the standards. BEVF testing is essential in assessing RP patients who are still driving.
OPHTHALMIC GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catherine Properzi, Leon A. Adams, Johnny Lo, Jill L. Sherriff, Gary P. Jeffrey, Therese A. O'Sullivan
Summary: The study compares the dietary intakes of Australian patients with NAFLD to the general Australian population and explores the relationship between nutrient or food group intake and the degree of steatosis. The findings show significant differences in energy, macronutrient, and fat intake between the NAFLD cohort and the general population. However, no individual nutrients or food groups were strongly related to hepatic fat. Focusing on overall consumption and adopting a whole-diet approach may be more effective in NAFLD treatment and prevention.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca Voisin, Pierre Horwitz, Stephanie Godrich, Ros Sambell, Katherine Cullerton, Amanda Devine
Summary: This scoping review explores the concept of no-to-low external input in regenerative agriculture by examining peer-reviewed and gray literature. The study identifies organic amendment inputs and regenerative land management processes that can help reduce external inputs and promote biology and nutrient cycling at different scales. Regenerative agriculture overlaps with other farming practices such as agroecology and conservation agriculture.
AGROECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cecilie Thogersen-Ntoumani, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Joanne A. Mcveigh, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Manon Dontje, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Peter R. Eastwood, Leon Straker
Summary: This study aimed to identify latent health behavior profiles among young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. Four profiles were identified, characterized by different patterns of diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. The study found that individuals who were physically active but had unhealthy eating habits had the poorest health outcomes, while those who abstained from unhealthy foods had the most favorable health outcomes. Additionally, gender differences were observed in the distribution of these profiles. These findings suggest the need for targeted health behavior interventions for young adults.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Rachael C. Heath Jeffery, Jennifer A. Thompson, Johnny Lo, Tina M. Lamey, Ian J. Constable, John N. De Roach, Fred K. Chen
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
