Article
Physiology
Stefan Mendt, Katharina Brauns, Anika Friedl-Werner, Daniel L. Belavy, Mathias Steinach, Thomas Schlabs, Andreas Werner, Hanns-Christian Gunga, Alexander C. Stahn
Summary: Long-term bed rest weakens the entrainment of the circadian system to the 24-hour day, possibly due to immobility and reduced physical activity levels associated with HDBR. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring circadian rhythms in circumstances where gravity or physical activity levels are altered, given the critical role of diurnal rhythms for various physiological functions and behavior.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Robert Ekman, David A. Green, Jonathon P. R. Scott, Roger Huerta Lluch, Tobias Weber, Nolan Herssens
Summary: In order to counteract the effects of microgravity-induced deconditioning during spaceflight, more effective and efficient multi-systems countermeasure approaches need to be investigated. One potential approach is to introduce exercise-free periods, or exercise holidays. Research suggests that recovery of operationally relevant outcomes following periods of bed rest without exercise could be timely and does not lead to persistent decrements differing from those experienced following spaceflight.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
J. -N. Hoenemann, S. Moestl, A. Diedrich, E. Mulder, T. Frett, G. Petrat, W. Pustowalow, M. Arz, M. -T. Schmitz, K. Heusser, S. M. C. Lee, J. Jordan, J. Tank, F. Hoffmann
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using artificial gravity (through short-arm centrifugation) on the adaptive changes in autonomic function during head-down tilt bed rest. The results showed that daily 30 minutes of artificial gravity did not prevent changes in autonomic cardiovascular control following 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kazuki Fukuma, Masatoshi Kamada, Kazuya Yamamoto, Chiaki Yokota, Soichiro Abe, Shinsaku Nakazawa, Tomotaka Tanaka, Takuro Chichikawa, Yuriko Nakaoku, Kunihiro Nishimura, Masatoshi Koga, Shigetoshi Takaya, Ken Sugimoto, Shinta Nishioka, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Ichiro Fujishima, Masafumi Ihara
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-existing sarcopenia with swallowing function, oral intake level, and aspiration pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. The results showed that compared with the control group, the sarcopenia group had significantly lower tongue pressure and a higher prevalence of dysphagia, and was more likely to have impaired oral intake and aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization. This suggests that acute stroke patients with sarcopenia may have weakness of the swallowing-related muscles, leading to impaired oral intake and aspiration pneumonia.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Sarah Solbiati, Alba Martin-Yebra, Pierre Vaida, Enrico G. Caiani
Summary: During head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, significant changes were observed at HDT5, with increased MESOR of RR and QTend intervals, primarily due to daytime lengthening and increased minima, while QTc shortened. As HDT progressed, there was a trend towards baseline values. Additionally, phi was anticipated and OA reduced during HDT, impacting the system's responsiveness to stimuli. Restoration to the upright position resulted in shortened RR and QTend intervals with prolonged QTc, regardless of the duration in HDT. Post-HDT changes and differences between the last HDT day and R + 0 trended to increase with longer HDT duration, with insufficient recovery in 5/7 days after 60-day HDT, possibly increasing arrhythmic risk. Anticipating phi and increased OA at R + 0 compared to PRE after 5-day and 60-day HDT could further increase arrhythmic risk.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Andrea D'Amuri, Juana Maria Sanz, Stefano Lazzer, Rado Pisot, Gianni Biolo, Giovanni Zuliani, Mladen Gasparini, Marco Narici, Bruno Grassi, Carlo Reggiani, Edoardo Dalla Nora, Angelina Passaro, Bostjan Simunic
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between prolonged inactivity, circulating irisin levels, muscle performance, muscle fiber characteristics, and FNDC5 gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue. Results show that extreme physical inactivity leads to an increase in irisin levels, deterioration in body composition, muscle performance, and muscle fiber characteristics, while an increase in FNDC5ge in adipose tissue is associated with resistance to the harmful effects.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Benoit Smeuninx, Yasir S. Elhassan, Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos, Elizabeth Sapey, Alison B. Rushton, Sophie J. Edwards, Paul T. Morgan, Andrew Philp, Matthew S. Brook, Nima Gharahdaghi, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Leigh Breen
Summary: Short-term resistance exercise prehabilitation increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in older men, but did not prevent the decline in myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle mass during bed rest.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jeremy Rabineau, Margot Issertine, Fabian Hoffmann, Darius Gerlach, Enrico G. G. Caiani, Benoit Haut, Philippe van de Borne, Jens Tank, Pierre-Francois Migeotte
Summary: Microgravity has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, causing changes in blood flow and vascular stiffness. The study found that daily exposure to artificial gravity did not mitigate these adaptations. Recommendations include increasing the load factor, exposure time, or combining it with physical exercise to counter the effects of microgravity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Zeynep Aykin Yigman, Ebru Umay, Damla Cankurtaran, Sukran Guzel
Summary: This study investigated the presence of dysphagia in older adults and found a significantly higher number of patients with dysphagia in this group, as well as significantly lower sarcopenic evaluation parameters. Older adults with dysphagia were also less likely to have malnutrition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Benoit Smeuninx, Yasir S. Elhassan, Elizabeth Sapey, Alison B. Rushton, Paul T. Morgan, Marie Korzepa, Archie E. Belfield, Andrew Philp, Matthew S. Brook, Nima Gharahdaghi, Daniel Wilkinson, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Leigh Breen
Summary: This study found that prior resistance exercise can attenuate the impairment of myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed rest in older adults, reducing muscle loss and improving overall health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yohei Takahashi, Takashi Kaji, Toshiyuki Yasui, Atsuko Yoshida, Naoto Yonetani, Naoto Suzue, Shinsuke Katoh, Kazuhisa Maeda, Koichi Sairyo, Minoru Irahara, Takeshi Iwasa
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in quadriceps femoris muscle thickness during pregnancy and postpartum, and the impact of bed rest for threatened preterm labor on muscle thickness. The results showed that quadriceps femoris thickness increased during normal pregnancy, peaking at 35 weeks' gestation and then decreasing postpartum. However, in pregnant women on bed rest, there was no significant change in quadriceps femoris thickness during pregnancy and postpartum, and the muscle was thinner at 35 weeks' gestation compared to normal pregnancy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Carly Welch, Carolyn Greig, Danielle Lewis, Zeinab Majid, Tahir Masud, Hannah Moorey, Thomas Pinkney, Benjamin Stanley, Thomas Jackson
Summary: This study aimed to characterize changes in muscle quantity, quality, strength, and physical function in hospitalized older patients. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information System T-score was found to be a sensitive measure of change in physical function, while changes in muscle quantity, quality, and function were not significant at the study population level.
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Letter
Oncology
Patrick Casey, Yeng Ang, Javed Sultan
Summary: The long-term physiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood, and COVID-19 may lead to chronic illness, sarcopenia, and physical deconditioning, potentially exacerbating frailty in patients. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the deconditioning effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how this impacts treatment of malignant disease.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jeroen Van Cutsem, Nathalie Pattyn, Olivier Mairesse, Berenice Delwiche, Helio Fernandez Tellez, Martine Van Puyvelde, Emilie Lacroix, Adam C. McDonnell, Ola Eiken, Igor B. Mekjavic
Summary: This study investigated the separate and combined effects of inactivity (simulated with the experimental bed rest model) and hypoxia on sleep characteristics in women. The results demonstrated that hypoxia and bed rest negatively impacted sleep in terms of efficiency, quality, and respiratory function. Interestingly, hypoxia appeared to have less adverse effects on sleep macrostructure when participants were inactive compared to when they were ambulatory.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anton De Spiegeleer, Hasan Kahya, Dolores Sanchez-Rodriguez, Karolina Piotrowicz, Murielle Surquin, Ester Marco, Celine Detremerie, Dhurgham Hussein, Suzy Hope, Dhayana Dallmeier, Genia Decker, Dana Hrnciarikova, Joanna Czesak, Miguel Toscano-Rico, Delky Meza-Valderrama, Gulistan Bahat, Amelie Descamps, Evelien Wynendaele, Dirk Elewaut, Hana Vankova, Francesco Landi, Florence Benoit, Jerzy Gasowski, Nele Van den Noortgate
Summary: The study found that older people living at home with care dependency were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. Further research is needed to investigate the causes and potential interventions of these findings.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Akio Shimizu, Masafumi Nozoe, Tomohisa Ohno, Akiko Nomoto, Takashi Shigematsu, Ichiro Fujishima
Summary: There is a relationship between nutrition status and medial gastrocnemius intramuscular adipose tissue. Medial gastrocnemius intramuscular adipose tissue affects the functional outcomes of older patients after a stroke.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Junko Ueshima, Keisuke Maeda, Akio Shimizu, Ayano Nagano, Yuria Ishida, Tomoko Takeuchi, Tomoyuki Nonogaki, Remi Matsuyama, Yosuke Yamanaka, Kenta Murotani, Naoharu Mori
Summary: This study aimed to validate the cachexia staging score (CSS) as a diagnostic method for measuring cachexia severity in patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care. The results showed that as the severity of cachexia increased, patients had shorter survival and experienced changes in symptoms and biomarkers associated with cachexia.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tatsuro Inoue, Akio Shimizu, Kenta Murotani, Shosuke Satake, Yasumoto Matsui, Hidenori Arai, Keisuke Maeda
Summary: Osteosarcopenia, the concurrent loss of bone and muscle mass, increases the risk of falls and fractures in the elderly. However, biomarkers for osteosarcopenia have not been well identified. This study aimed to explore biomarkers for osteosarcopenia, including bone, muscle, and geriatric markers.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daisuke Moriyama, Yoji Kokura, Shinta Nishioka, Keisuke Maeda, Akio Shimizu, Hirotaka Tanaka, Tomoe Watanabe, HIdetaka Wakabayashi
Summary: This study investigated the association between sufficient energy intake and improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) after hospitalization in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) undergoing post-acute rehabilitation. Multiple regression analysis showed no association between sufficient energy intake and ADL improvement during hospitalization.
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ziwen Lan, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-modal multi-label attribute classification model for anime illustrations using a graph convolutional network (GCN). Our proposed model effectively utilizes a hierarchical feature to achieve high accuracy in multi-label attribute classification. We introduce GCN to capture comprehensive relationships between attributes and adopt hierarchical clustering and hierarchical label assignment to capture subordinate relationships among the attributes. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and extensibility of the proposed method.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ryota Goka, Yuya Moroto, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: In soccer, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate the performance of players and teams in order to improve tactical coaching and players' decision-making abilities. This paper proposes a novel method that utilizes players' spatio-temporal relations and prediction uncertainty to predict shoot event occurrences with greater accuracy and robustness. Experiments show that this method outperforms other methods in terms of prediction performance and emphasizes the significance of considering players' distances in the prediction accuracy.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yusuke Akamatsu, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: In this paper, a semi-supervised multi-view embedding approach is proposed to address the problem of zero-shot neural decoding. Additional images related to the target categories are utilized to exploit complementary information, and fMRI activity patterns are projected into a multi-view embedding space to rectify the projection domain shift problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tomoyuki Nonogaki, Keisuke Maeda, Akio Shimizu, Junko Ueshima, Ayano Nagano, Ryoko Kato, Yuria Ishida, Remi Yamanaka, Yosuke Yamanaka, Naoharu Mori
Summary: This study investigated the differences in nutrition delivery and infusion statuses for patients with terminal-stage cancers. The results showed that the proportion of patients without dietary or enteral nutrition increased closer to their dates of death, and the infusion volumes and energies given to the patients decreased near death.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuria Ishida, Keisuke Maeda, Kenta Murotani, Akio Shimizu, Junko Ueshima, Ayano Nagano, Norihiro Sonoi, Tatsuro Inoue, Naoharu Mori
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and rate of weight change with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with chronic kidney disease. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data from April 2014 to June 2022. The results showed that low BMI and increasing rate of weight change were associated with higher hazard ratios (HRs).
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yuto Watanabe, Ren Togo, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: This study proposes a novel text-guided image manipulation method by introducing referring image segmentation into a generative adversarial network. The method aims to manipulate images with multiple objects while preserving text-unrelated regions. The proposed method assigns the task of distinguishing between text-related and unrelated regions in an image to segmentation guidance based on referring image segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of image manipulation precision for challenging input images with multiple objects.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ziwen Lan, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: In this study, a hierarchical multi-modal multi-label attribute classification model using graph convolutional networks (GCNs) is proposed for anime illustrations. The focus is on multi-label attribute classification, as subtle features of characters and objects are frequently emphasized in anime illustrations. The researchers developed a multi-modal GCN-based model to analyze the connections between attributes using semantic features of anime illustrations. A novel captioning framework was created to represent the semantic information of anime illustrations. Additionally, a loss function considering the hierarchy of attributes was introduced to improve classification accuracy.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Koshi Watanabe, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki Haseyama
Summary: This study presents a novel method for effective data visualization by introducing a dual approximation of a data manifold, which overcomes the limitation of previous methods in dealing with locally oscillating data manifolds. The proposed method achieves robust visualization and explicit global preservation.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Akio Shimizu, Tatsuro Inoue, Keisuke Maeda
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Akio Shimizu, Keisuke Maeda, Tatsuro Inoue, Naoharu Mori, Ryo Momosaki
Summary: This study found that early physical rehabilitation intervention can effectively reduce adverse outcomes, including 30-day mortality and readmission rates, in frail older patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
