Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pablo Arrona Cardoza, Micheil B. Spillane, Elisa Morales Marroquin
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects memory and cognitive function. Gut microbiota and dietary factors may play a role in its development. Consumption of a Western-type diet may increase the risk of AD through microbiota-produced TMAO.
Article
Microbiology
Lesley Hoyles, Matthew G. Pontifex, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro, M. Areeb Anis-Alavi, Khadija S. Jelane, Tom Snelling, Egle Solito, Sonia Fonseca, Ana L. Carvalho, Simon R. Carding, Michael Muller, Robert C. Glen, David Vauzour, Simon McArthur
Summary: The study shows that methylamine substances can directly affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in mammals by improving its function through regulation of tight junction proteins. Long-term exposure to trimethylamine N-oxide helps protect cognitive function, reducing astrocyte and microglial reactivity in specific brain regions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kehinde S. Olaniyi, Stephanie E. Areloegbe
Summary: This study investigated the impact of short chain fatty acid acetate on renal disorder in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The results showed that supplementation with acetate attenuated renal dysfunction in PCOS rats by reducing androgen excess, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and NF-kappa B/NLRP3 immunoreactivity.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Qing Fang, Binjie Zheng, Na Liu, Jinfeng Liu, Wenhui Liu, Xinyi Huang, Xiangchang Zeng, Lulu Chen, Zhenyu Li, Dongsheng Ouyang
Summary: The study found that TMAO can exacerbate renal dysfunction and fibrosis in DKD rats, activate inflammasomes to worsen renal inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Enrico Carmina
Summary: The diagnosis of PCOS is based on the Rotterdam guidelines, but the current classification does not include obesity and metabolic changes. This makes it challenging to establish clear strategies for follow-up and treatment of high-risk patients and may hide genetic or environmental differences between PCOS patients. A new classification is suggested which divides each Rotterdam phenotype into obese or lean sub-phenotypes, aiming to improve our understanding and treatment of PCOS.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Enrico Carmina, Rogerio A. Lobo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of body weight on the various phenotypes of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). It revealed that the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria fail to differentiate between obese patients with altered metabolic patterns and lean patients with normal metabolic patterns. A new classification system is needed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manman Lu, Yuhui Yang, Yuncong Xu, Xiaoyue Wang, Bo Li, Guowei Le, Yanli Xie
Summary: Dietary methionine restriction (MR) can reduce plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels by manipulating gut microbiota in mice. MR decreases the ability of gut microbiota to produce trimethylamine (TMA), reduces TMA levels and expression of choline TMA-lyase (CutC) in the intestine, and increases the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
U. Basile, C. Bruno, C. Napodano, E. Vergani, F. Guli, G. Piunno, K. Pocino, A. Stefanile, A. Mancini
Summary: In this study, lower levels of main subclasses of IgG and higher CH50 levels were found in non-obese PCOS patients compared to controls. FLCs could be a potential indicator for monitoring inflammation degree, disease activity, and impact on hormonal status in PCOS.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ruey-Hsing Chou, Po-Shan Wu, Shen-Chih Wang, Cheng-Hsueh Wu, Shu-Fen Lu, Ru-Yu Lien, Yi-Lin Tsai, Ya-Wen Lu, Ming-Ren Kuo, Jiun-Yu Guo, Ruey-Yi Chou, Po-Hsun Huang, Shing-Jong Lin
Summary: The study found an inverse association between plasma TMAO concentration and non-cardiovascular death in septic shock patients. However, after adjusting for disease severity and nutritional status, TMAO concentration was no longer an independent predictor of non-cardiovascular death.
JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily S. Krueger, Trevor S. Lloyd, Jeffery S. Tessem
Summary: Research on TMAO in metabolic diseases plays an important role in understanding its effects on various tissues including the liver, kidney, brain, adipose, and muscle, particularly in atherosclerotic mechanisms. The effects of TMAO on insulin resistance and production may vary, while its impacts on other tissues like pancreatic beta-cells remain largely unexplored. Context-dependent molecular effects of TMAO in metabolic diseases call for further research to clarify both detrimental and beneficial effects observed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qianqian Wang, Min Guo, Yang Liu, Mengshu Xu, Liuting Shi, Xiu Li, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang, Wei Chen
Summary: This study found that certain strains of Bifidobacterium can reduce the production of plasma TMAO and modulate the gut microbiota. These strains may have therapeutic potential for preventing TMAO-related diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guang Ren, Patrick Tae Joon Hwang, Reid Millican, Juhee Shin, Brigitta C. Brott, Thomas van Groen, Craig M. Powell, Sushant Bhatnagar, Martin E. Young, Ho-Wook Jun, Jeong-A Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates the effects of using PANO gel to inject exogenous NO on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and cognitive functions. The use of PANO gel reduces body weight gain, improves glucose tolerance, decreases insulin and leptin levels, and enhances insulin signaling. Additionally, the PANO gel reduces inflammation, increases lipolysis, decreases serum lipids and liver triglycerides, stimulates the development of brown and beige fat tissues, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves learning and memory abilities.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kuan-Ta Lu, Yu-Cheng Ho, Chen-Lin Chang, Kuo-Chung Lan, Cheng-Chun Wu, Yu-Ting Su
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disease affecting women's hormone and metabolic status. This study reviewed pain perception in PCOS patients and found that pain perception is more prevalent in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. Obesity and infertility may be associated with the development of pain. However, the underlying causes are still not well understood.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Melita Videja, Eduards Sevostjanovs, Sabine Upmale-Engela, Edgars Liepinsh, Ilze Konrade, Maija Dambrova
Summary: A fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) is shown to effectively reduce plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by limiting caloric intake and animal-derived protein consumption, potentially reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Article
Immunology
Ting-Ting Chang, Jaw-Wen Chen
Summary: The inhibition of CCL4 was found to improve glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and inflammatory levels in diet-induced diabetic mice, while also modulating gut microbiota profiles, suppressing proinflammatory metabolites, reducing systemic inflammation, and enhancing insulin resistance.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Liang Dong, Jiayu Huang, Luke Huang, Oumin Shi, Qiang Liu, Haige Chen, Wei Xue, Yiran Huang
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jun Zhao, Jiayu Huang, Xueying Geng, Weiwei Chu, Shang Li, Zi-Jiang Chen, Yanzhi Du
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiping Yu, Jia-Huan He, Lin-Li Hu, Lin-Lin Jiang, Lanlan Fang, Gui-Dong Yao, Si-Jia Wang, Qingling Yang, Yanjie Guo, Lin Liu, Trisha Shang, Yorino Sato, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Aaron J. W. Hsueh, Ying-Pu Sun
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xueying Geng, Jun Zhao, Jiayu Huang, Shang Li, Weiwei Chu, Wang-sheng Wang, Zi-Jiang Chen, Yanzhi Du
Summary: This study revealed a novel mechanism of DNA hypomethylation induced by lncRNAs, particularly lnc-MAP3K13-7:1, in patients with PCOS, leading to impaired proliferation of GCs. The overexpression of lnc-MAP3K13-7:1 inhibited DNMT1 expression, resulting in increased CDKN1A/p21 expression and cell cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase. This mechanism acts as a critical pathway in regulating GC growth and may provide potential therapeutic targets for PCOS-related infertility.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jiayu Huang, Jun Zhao, Xueying Geng, Weiwei Chu, Shang Li, Zi-Jiang Chen, Yanzhi Du
Summary: This study aimed to elucidate the role of lncRNA CCNL in PCOS pathogenesis, finding that it may participate in PCOS pathologies such as follicular atresia and insulin resistance by regulating FOXO1 expression, promoting cell apoptosis, reducing glucose uptake, and impairing mitochondrial function.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wang Tan, Huijia Fu, Xiaobo Zhou, Yuhan Duan, Nanlin Yin, Jiayu Huang, Xiru Liu
Summary: ANKRD37 is upregulated in preeclampsia (PE) placentas and inhibits trophoblast migration and invasion possibly via the NE-kappa B pathway.
JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Hematology
Jiayu Huang, Yongmei Zhu, Jianfeng Li, Guang Yang, Sujiang Zhang
ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ping Xu, Yangxi Zheng, Jiujiang Liao, Mingyu Hu, Yike Yang, Baozhen Zhang, Mark D. Kilby, Huijia Fu, Yamin Liu, Fumei Zhang, Liling Xiong, Xiyao Liu, Huili Jin, Yue Wu, Jiayu Huang, Tingli Han, Li Wen, Rufei Gao, Yong Fu, Xiujun Fan, Hongbo Qi, Philip N. Baker, Chao Tong
Summary: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a metabolic disorder of the placenta that is caused by defective invasion of trophoblasts. This study investigated the role of AMPK in PE development and found that AMPK activation exacerbates PE manifestations but reduces cell death in the placenta. AMPK activation promotes glucose metabolism and glycogen deposition, enhancing cell viability but compromising trophoblast invasion. In contrast, ablation of AMPK leads to decreased glycogen deposition and structural malformation in the placenta. These findings highlight the importance of balancing invasiveness and viability in trophoblasts for proper placental function.
CELL PROLIFERATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuhan Duan, Huijia Fu, Jiayu Huang, Nanlin Yin, Linhong Liu, Xiru Liu
Summary: This study reveals that the expression of TOP2A is lower in RSA, and it inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through activation of the FOXO signaling pathway. Additionally, TOP2A inhibition impairs the development of pre-implantation embryos as shown in in vivo experiments.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mingyu Hu, Yangxi Zheng, Jiujiang Liao, Li Wen, Juan Cheng, Jiayu Huang, Biao Huang, Li Lin, Yao Long, Yue Wu, Xuan Ye, Yong Fu, Hongbo Qi, Philip N. Baker, Chao Tong
Summary: In this study, elevated expression of miR21 in preeclamptic placentae was found to negatively regulate tropho-blast invasion and migration by modulating the PP2A BO/Hippo axis, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying preeclampsia.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiayu Huang, Baoyi Huang, Yanxiang Kong, Yazhu Yang, Chengzi Tian, Lin Chen, Yan Liao, Lin Ma
Summary: This study aimed to identify autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that may play a pivotal role in PCOS and provide potential biomarkers for therapeutic intervention. The analysis of gene expression profiles of PCOS and control samples revealed hub ATGs enriched in autophagy-related functions and pathways, leading to the identification of new molecular subgroups.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yan Xiao, Bingbing Hu, Yao Guo, Dengyang Zhang, Yuming Zhao, Yun Chen, Na Li, Liuting Yu
Summary: Relapse after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is detrimental to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Glutamine, as a conditionally essential amino acid, plays a role in the growth and proliferation of AML cells. Various glutamine-target strategies, including depletion of systemic glutamine and the application of glutamine uptake inhibitors, antagonists/analogues, and glutaminase inhibitors, have been extensively studied for their potential in improving AML treatment outcomes. Targeting multiple metabolic pathways without affecting normal cells and host immunity is crucial for effective AML treatment.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xi Yuan, Jiayu Huang, Li Wen, Boris Novakovic, Mark D. Kilby, Chao Tong, Hongbo Qi, Richard Saffery, Philip N. Baker
Summary: Despite being genetically identical, monozygotic (MZ) twins can have discordant congenital heart disease (CHD) due to in utero environmental factors. This study identified epigenetic variations in cord blood of discordant MZ twins that are associated with CHD. The results revealed specific DNA methylation variations that are biomarkers and potential targets for intervention in CHD.