Article
Immunology
Haitham Tartor, Marius Karlsen, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Aderito Luis Monjane, Charles McLean Press, Christer Wiik-Nielsen, Rolf Hetlelid Olsen, Lisa Marie Leknes, Karine Yttredal, Bjorn Erik Brudeseth, Soren Grove
Summary: This study examined the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon. The results showed that the vaccine can provide protection against salmon lice infestation, and the level of protection is dose-dependent. The study also found that the vaccine can trigger a specific immune response in vaccinated fish and result in the production of specific antibodies. These findings suggest the potential of using the parasite's feeding behavior to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Helena M. D. Midtbo, Lars A. Hamre, Michael Dondrup, Gro E. K. Bjerga, Oivind Larsen, Jiwan Kumar Chettri, Kurt Buchmann, Frank Nilsen, Sindre Grotmol
Summary: This study reveals the presence of charged glandular proteins in the salmon louse that have immune modulation and anti-coagulant properties. These proteins play important roles in regulating the parasite's life cycle and feeding behavior in the host.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Bibbi Maria Kallay Hjelle, Albert Kjartan Dagbjartarson Imsland, Pablo Vigo Balseiro, Sigurd Olav Handeland
Summary: The AcuLice system, which uses a composite acoustic sound image, has been shown to effectively reduce the number of salmon lice on Atlantic salmon without causing additional stress to the fish.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Tom Mc Dermott, Jack D'Arcy, Suzanne Kelly, Jamie K. Downes, Bogna Griffin, Robert F. Kerr, Damien O'Keeffe, Micheal O'Ceallachain, Louise Lenighan, Felix Scholz, Neil M. Ruane
Summary: Salmon infestations by the salmon louse and amoebic gill disease are major concerns in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry in Ireland. Researchers have found that using nano-filtered hyposaline water has proved to be an effective non-medicinal method to reduce parasite levels.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jonatan Nilsson, Luke T. Barrett, Anders Mangor-Jensen, Velimir Nola, Torstein Harboe, Ole Folkedal
Summary: Thermal delousing is the most commonly used method to treat salmon lice, but the temperature range used is aversive for salmonids and leads to increased mortality. Higher exposure temperatures are associated with higher detachment rates, primarily occurring within the first 30 seconds of exposure. Lower temperatures and longer exposure durations are needed to achieve the same delousing efficiency.
Review
Fisheries
Albert Kjartan Dagbjartarson Imsland, Patrick Reynolds
Summary: This review summarizes the effectiveness of using lumpfish as cleaner fish to control Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon. The data clearly indicate that lumpfish can actively graze on lice and significantly lower their burden on salmon. The grazing behavior of lumpfish is size dependent and can be enhanced through conditioning and selective breeding. Observations from large-scale farming also support the effectiveness of using lumpfish to reduce lice infestations.
Review
Fisheries
Kristbjorg Edda Jonsdottir, Andreas Ugelvik Misund, Leif Magne Sunde, Merete Bjorgan Schroder, Zsolt Volent
Summary: Lice shielding skirts are used as a preventative measure against salmon lice in Atlantic salmon farming, but there is no standard way of using them and reported efficiency varies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the academic literature on lice shielding skirts from the last decade and identify knowledge gaps for optimal use. The paper focuses on lice shielding efficiency, interaction with the current flow, and rearing challenges.
Article
Biology
Knut Wiik Vollset, Robert J. Lennox, Helge Skoglund, Orjan Karlsen, Eirik Straume Normann, Tore Wiers, Elisabeth Stoger, Bjorn T. Barlaup
Summary: Parasite spillback from domestic animals can disrupt the balance and harm wild populations. Aquaculture-induced parasite spillback on wild salmon has been contentious. A 19-year study on Atlantic salmon demonstrated that the impact of parasite treatment on marine survival decreased over time, the relationship between salmon lice levels and treatment efficacy was weak, and both treated and untreated salmon had lower return rates with higher salmon lice levels. The study suggests that the impact of salmon lice on wild salmon populations should be better considered when evaluating the effects of aquaculture.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Melanie Andrews, Tor Einar Horsberg
Summary: This study investigated the effects of thermal treatment on the copepodid and pre-adult II stages of seven populations of L. salmonis. The results showed that while all stages of the parasite had an immediate reaction to thermal treatment, the majority of them recovered over time. Variations in baseline sensitivity were observed between populations, emphasizing the importance of routine in vitro bioassays to determine treatment efficacy.
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Ingrid A. Johnsen, Alison Harvey, Pal Naeverlid Saevik, Anne D. Sandvik, Ola Ugedal, Bjorn Adlandsvik, Vidar Wennevik, Kevin A. Glover, Orjan Karlsen
Summary: A model system was developed to estimate salmon lice-induced mortality, calibrated against empirical observations. Critics claim the model overestimates mortality, but their analysis may have shortcomings. Discrepancy between modelled and observed data does not necessarily indicate flaws, but can provide valuable supplementary information.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, Joseph L. Humble, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the macrocyclic lactone emamectin benzoate are used to treat farmed salmon infestations by parasitic salmon lice. Drug resistance in the lice is associated with overexpression of ace1b, a member of the functionally diverse carboxylesterases family. The study identified 21 CaEs genes/pseudogenes in L. salmonis, with overexpression of ace1b observed in multi-resistant lice compared to susceptible ones.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
James P. Losee, Derek R. Dapp, Gabe Madel, Greg Shimek
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of ectoparasite infections on Coastal Cutthroat Trout through voluntary reports from anglers and sampling events by biologists. The data showed that the prevalence of argulids and copepods varied according to body size, capture month, and area.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Marta Sole, Marc Lenoir, Jose-Manuel Fortuno, Steffen De Vreese, Mike van der Schaar, Michel Andre
Summary: This study provides the first ultrastructural images of pathological changes in the sensory setae of the first antenna and inner tissues in different stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis development after sound exposure. The response to sounds and associated injuries in the lice sensory organs could potentially lead to the development of a bioacoustics method for preventing lice infection and treating affected salmons.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Cecilie Sviland Walde, Marit Stormoen, Jostein Mulder Pettersen, David Persson, Magnus Vikan Rosaeg, Britt Bang Jensen
Summary: Infestations with salmon lice and the management of these lice pose significant challenges and costs in marine salmonid aquaculture. Treatment against salmon lice, particularly non-medicinal methods, can lead to stress and physical injuries in Atlantic salmon, resulting in reduced appetite and increased mortality. This study analyzed production data from Norwegian aquaculture companies to estimate the short-term growth loss of Atlantic salmon following different treatments for salmon lice removal. The results showed that non-medicinal treatments had a greater negative impact on growth compared to medicinal treatments, and the timing of treatment played a role in the treatment outcome.
Article
Immunology
Juan Pablo Pontigo, Carla Espinoza, Mauricio Hernandez, Guillermo Nourdin, Cristian Oliver, Ruben Avendano-Herrera, Jaime Figueroa, Cecilia Rauch, Jose M. Troncoso, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alejandro J. Yanez
Summary: Developing an effective and economical vaccine against Piscirickettsia salmonis is crucial for sustainable salmon farming. One vaccine prototype effectively protected Atlantic salmon by inducing specific antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the other two activated innate immune responses but did not provide protection. Understanding the protein formulation of vaccines based on P. salmonis is essential for improving immune responses and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Fisheries
Michael Sievers, Oyvind Korsoen, Fletcher Warren-Myers, Frode Oppedal, Georgia Macaulay, Ole Folkedal, Tim Dempster
Summary: Submerged cages are becoming a new trend in marine aquaculture due to their ability to reduce issues associated with surface-based cages. Fish with closed swim bladders and without swim bladders are more suitable for submerged culture, while fish with open swim bladders may face more challenges in this process.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Fletcher Warren-Myers, Stephen E. Swearer, David S. Francis, Giovanni M. Turchini, Kathy Overton, Tim Dempster
Summary: The study tested three types of dried algal supplements on the color, taste, and gonad quality of temperate urchins, finding that while all feed types resulted in commercially acceptable gonad production, the algal supplements did not improve gonad color, taste, or the proportion of marketable gonads compared to the control feed.
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, James Bron, Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Mark John Fordyce, Gunnvor A. Noroi, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: The relative rarity of salmon lice planktonic larval stages poses challenges in estimating their abundance and distribution. A novel method using fluorescence-aided microscopy has been developed to rapidly enumerate salmon lice larvae, with an accuracy of 81.8% and processing time of 31 minutes, more than 20 times faster than traditional methods.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ecology
James J. Shelley, Owen J. Holland, Stephen E. Swearer, Timothy Dempster, Matthew C. Le Feuvre, Craig D. H. Sherman, Adam D. Miller
Summary: This study investigated the population genetics of freshwater fish with different dispersal syndromes on the Kimberley Plateau in Western Australia. Results showed that connectivity between catchments is limited, but gene flow within catchments varies based on dispersal potential, with landscape constraints affecting this differently. Dispersal syndromes play a key role in influencing connectivity and gene flow within catchments in this rugged and fragmented landscape.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Malthe Hvas, Samantha Bui
Summary: This study measured the metabolic rates of Atlantic salmon infected with the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis, and assessed the ecological impact of this parasite-host interaction. The study found that parasite infection increased the metabolic rates of the salmon, but also led to reduced growth, indicating a trade-off between resource acquisition and utilization.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jemma Hudson, Mark Adams, Khattapan Jantawongsri, Tim Dempster, Barbara F. Nowak
Summary: The study found that low temperature exposure could reduce the attachment ability of the amoebic gill disease parasite in vitro, but in a real environment, a 15-minute cold-water bath treatment was not more effective than a 2-hour freshwater bath.
Article
Fisheries
P. McIntosh, L. T. Barrett, F. Warren-Myers, A. Coates, G. Macaulay, A. Szetey, N. Robinson, C. White, F. Samsing, F. Oppedal, O. Folkedal, P. Klebert, T. Dempster
Summary: Salmonid aquaculture has expanded globally in recent decades, with changes in cage technologies and locations. This study used satellite images to analyze the changes in cage size, location, and proximity to neighboring farms. The results showed that cage diameters have increased, leading to larger farms, while the distance to neighboring farms varied across regions. These changes have environmental and production consequences, emphasizing the importance of analyzing and improving management practices in salmon farming.
Article
Fisheries
Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Thomas W. K. Fraser, Tom J. Hansen, Orjan Karlsen, Samantha Bui
Summary: The elevated salmon louse infection pressure caused by salmon farming poses a major threat to wild Atlantic salmon. This study found that lice had a negative impact on the growth and survival of wild Atlantic salmon in seawater, but only affected the length growth in freshwater after the lice had detached. The parasites did not affect the size of the fish's reproductive organs.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Nicholas A. Robinson, Diego Robledo, Lene Sveen, Rose Ruiz Daniels, Aleksei Krasnov, Andrew Coates, Ye Hwa Jin, Luke T. Barrett, Marie Lillehammer, Anne H. Kettunen, Ben L. Phillips, Tim Dempster, Andrea Doeschl-Wilson, Francisca Samsing, Gareth Difford, Sarah Salisbury, Bjarne Gjerde, John-Erik Haugen, Erik Burgerhout, Binyam S. Dagnachew, Dominic Kurian, Mark D. Fast, Morten Rye, Marcela Salazar, James E. Bron, Sean J. Monaghan, Celeste Jacq, Mike Birkett, Howard I. Browman, Anne Berit Skiftesvik, David M. Fields, Erik Selander, Samantha Bui, Anna Sonesson, Stanko Skugor, Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Ostbye, Ross D. Houston
Summary: Disease and parasitism pose significant challenges to global aquaculture, and genetic technologies offer potential solutions. Understanding genetic mechanisms, developing tools for boosting host resistance, and applying genetic technologies can improve disease resistance and transform aquaculture.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Georgia Macaulay, Luke T. Barrett, Tim Dempster
Summary: Ensuring sustainability in aquaculture involves balancing environmental impacts and welfare concerns, where conflicts may arise. Identifying and addressing these conflicts early on through collaboration and evidence-based decision-making can lead to more ecologically and ethically sustainable practices.
AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
O. Folkedal, G. Macaulay, J. E. Fosseidengen, G. Mikkelsen, J. Myrland, B. Sovegjarto, T. O. Klepaker, A. Ferno, T. Dempster, F. Oppedal, L. H. Stien
Summary: Automation of feeding control for sea-caged Atlantic salmon is crucial in reducing waste feed. The use of hydroacoustic appetite-led feeding allows for monitoring of fish biomass and adjustment of feeding intensity and cessation point, resulting in efficient feeding and optimal growth.
Article
Fisheries
Andrew Coates, Nick Robinson, Tim Dempster, Francisca Samsing, Ingrid Johnsen, Ben L. Phillips
Summary: In this study, a numerical metapopulation model was constructed to simulate the evolutionary dynamics of salmon lice in an interconnected farm network and predict the development of pesticide resistance. It was found that highly connected farms were hotspots for louse adaptation, and excluding these farms significantly reduced infestation rates and evolution. This model can be a valuable tool for coordinating pest management at a regional scale, in a way that slows or prevents the spread of resistance.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, Angelico Madaro, Jonatan Nilsson, Lars Helge Stien, Frode Oppedal, Oyvind Overli, Wayne J. Korzan, Samantha Bui
Summary: Due to pesticide resistance, non-medicinal delousing treatments are increasingly used in Norwegian salmon farms. These treatments are important for controlling lice epidemics and preventing their spread to wild salmon populations. However, some treatments have negative welfare impacts on the host fish. In a controlled lab experiment, freshwater bath and combination treatments were found to be the most effective for delousing.
AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)