Review
Oncology
Byron Chang Song, Jinbing Bai
Summary: The microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis plays a role in understanding the connection between gut microbiota and psychoneurological comorbidities. This systematic review on six studies found significant associations between gut microbiota and cancer treatment-related psychoneurological symptoms (PNS), particularly in cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy. The relative abundance of specific microbiota was linked to fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Chudzik, Anna Orzylowska, Radoslaw Rola, Greg J. Stanisz
Summary: The brain-gut-microbiome axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. Studies have shown that certain probiotics can help alleviate symptoms of depression, and clinical trials have demonstrated improvements in mood and changes in biochemical parameters in patients with depressive disorders.
Review
Oncology
Se-Young Park, Byeong-Oh Hwang, Mihwa Lim, Seung-Ho Ok, Sun-Kyoung Lee, Kyung-Soo Chun, Kwang-Kyun Park, Yinling Hu, Won-Yoon Chung, Na-Young Song
Summary: Microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with various diseases in the human body, with the oral cavity and gut serving as the two major microbial habitats that play crucial roles in disease pathogenesis. Despite the well-segregated oral and gut microbiome profiles due to the oral-gut barrier, microbial transmissions between these two regions can shape and modulate the microbial ecosystem, ultimately influencing disease pathogenesis. Understanding the interplay of the oral-gut microbiome axis in disease development can offer insights for precise diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment strategies.
Review
Cell Biology
Qinwen Wang, Qianyue Yang, Xingyin Liu
Summary: The gut microbiota interacts with the brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, regulating physiological processes and impacting neurodevelopmental disorders. Researchers have identified three pathways through which the gut microbiota regulates neurodevelopment: the immune pathway, the neuronal pathway, and the endocrine/systemic pathway. This review provides an overview of research advancements in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders and discusses the current state and future perspectives in this field.
Review
Microbiology
Cristina Gabriela Schiopu, Cristinel Stefanescu, Alexandra Bolos, Smaranda Diaconescu, Georgiana-Emmanuela Gilca-Blanariu, Gabriela Stefanescu
Summary: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. The unclear etiology and pathophysiological mechanism have led to challenges in clinical management. Recent research has revealed the involvement of the gut-brain axis and the role of the gut microbiome in these disorders. Psychiatric symptoms play a crucial role in the manifestation and modulation of both the digestive and central nervous systems. This article provides a detailed description of the physiology of the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders with psychiatric symptoms, and current perspectives for therapeutical management.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Himanshi Yadav, Jaldhi, Rati Bhardwaj, Anamika, Amrita Bakshi, Suchi Gupta, Shashank Kumar Maurya
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating brain functions and maintaining brain homeostasis. Disturbed gut microbiota has been associated with various neurological diseases, while gut microbiome-derived exosomes have shown potential as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological interventions, including antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics, can influence the management of neurological diseases mediated by the gut microbiome. However, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the gut-brain connection and its implications for neurological diseases.
Review
Neurosciences
Amy S. Graham, Benneth Ben-Azu, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Peter Torre, Marjanne Senekal, Barbara Laughton, Andre van der Kouwe, Marcin Jankiewicz, Mamadou Kaba, Martha J. Holmes
Summary: Hearing loss has a significant impact on healthcare resources worldwide and affects the quality of life for those affected. The connection between gut microbes and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis, has been established in various diseases, but its role in other parts of the body is not well explored. This review aims to explore the potential mechanisms that connect the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. The review identifies several potential key players and suggests that further research may lead to effective interventions for treating hearing loss.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jasmine Carter, Jeffery Bettag, Sylvia Morfin, Chandrashekhara Manithody, Aakash Nagarapu, Aditya Jain, Hala Nazzal, Sai Prem, Meghan Unes, Matthew McHale, Chien-Jung Lin, Chelsea Hutchinson, Grace Trello, Arti Jain, Edward Portz, Arun Verma, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Daniel Goldenberg, Kento Kurashima
Summary: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition caused by a reduction in the length or functional capacity of the intestine. The gut microbiome plays a significant role in modulating disease progression in SBS patients. The composition and shifts of gut bacteria in SBS and the resulting systemic effects have been extensively studied, revealing the variability and dependence on multiple factors. The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, regulated by the microbiome, known as the gut-brain axis (GBA), also has implications in SBS.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ewelina Mlynarska, Joanna Gadzinowska, Julita Tokarek, Joanna Forycka, Aleksandra Szuman, Beata Franczyk, Jacek Rysz
Summary: This review investigates the impact of gut microbiota on the development of depression and the underlying molecular mechanisms. There are two possible pathways in which this interaction might occur, one suggesting that depressive disorder could lead to dysbiosis and the other considering if changes in gut microbiota might cause depressive disorder. The mechanisms responsible for this interaction include the secretion of neurotransmitters, gut peptides, and the activation of the immune system. However, more research is needed to explore the direct mechanisms of the interaction between gut microbiota and mental health.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carina Carbia, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Luigi Francesco Iannone, Ruben Garcia-Cabrerizo, Serena Boscaini, Kirsten Berding, Conall R. Strain, Gerard Clarke, Catherine Stanton, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. Cryan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the gut microbiome and its association with social cognition, impulsivity, and craving. The results showed that binge drinking was associated with changes in the microbiome and difficulties in emotional recognition. Craving was strongly linked to alterations in the microbiome over time. These findings highlight the role of the gut microbiome as a regulator of social cognition and its relevance for addressing early alcohol-related issues during adolescence.
Review
Immunology
Ziyi Zhang, Zhihui Liu, Ao Lv, Chenhui Fan
Summary: Recently, researchers have discovered a possible link between Parkinson's disease and the gut microbiome, establishing the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) have been identified as key players in maintaining gut homeostasis. Dysregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 is observed in Parkinson's disease patients, suggesting their involvement in early gut dysfunction. This study reviews clinical, animal, and in vitro studies to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and proposes a conceptual model where microbial dysbiosis disrupts the gut barrier and TLR2/TLR4 signaling, leading to chronic gut dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
David M. James, Elizabeth A. Davidson, Julio Yanes, Baharak Moshiree, Julia E. Dallman
Summary: Research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly focuses on core criteria while often neglecting accompanying gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, despite their high prevalence and potential impact on behavioral symptoms. The zebrafish model shows great promise for studying the gut-brain-microbiome axis in ASD, but there is a critical lack of research on GI impacts in current ASD studies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Heather Hulme, Lynsey M. Meikle, Nicole Strittmatter, John Swales, Gregory Hamm, Sheila L. Brown, Simon Milling, Andrew S. MacDonald, Richard J. A. Goodwin, Richard Burchmore, Daniel M. Wall
Summary: Microbes have significant effects on the levels of neurotransmitters and their precursors in the brain. Antibiotic treatment does not cause significant changes in these metabolites in the brain.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Charlotte R. Denman, Sang Myun Park, Junghyun Jo
Summary: Gut dysbiosis and psychiatric symptoms are common early manifestations of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have found that these pathological proteins are linked with gut dysbiosis and psychiatric disorders. The gut-brain axis acts as a bidirectional communication pathway between the enteric and central nervous systems, influencing brain function and behavior. This review summarizes the roles of gut dysbiosis and psychiatric disorders in pathological protein-related neurodegenerative diseases and explores the interrelationships and overlaps between them.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisa Menozzi, Jane Macnaughtan, Anthony H. V. Schapira
Summary: Gastrointestinal disorders are a significant issue for patients with Parkinson's disease, potentially caused by intestinal inflammation and changes in gut microbiota, but the mechanisms remain unclear. PD patients often experience a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, impacting their quality of life. Despite research attention, understanding and management of gastrointestinal disorders in PD patients continue to be inadequate.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Saunjoo L. Yoon, Oliver Grundmann, Joseph J. Williams, Samuel S. Wu, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Zhiguang Huo, Thomas J. George
ACUPUNCTURE IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Anesthesiology
Brenda W. Dyal, Miriam O. Ezenwa, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Roger B. Fillingim, Yingwei Yao, Judith M. Schlaeger, Marie L. Suarez, Zaijie J. Wang, Robert E. Molokie, Diana J. Wilkie
Article
Nursing
Miriam O. Ezenwa, Yingwei Yao, Minh-Nguyet T. Nguyen, Molly W. Mandernach, Clayton T. Hunter, Saunjoo L. Yoon, David Fedele, Robert J. Lucero, Debra Lyon, Diana J. Wilkie
WESTERN JOURNAL OF NURSING RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Brenda W. Dyal, Keesha L. Powell-Roach, Jeanne Robison, Bethaney Campbell, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Diana J. Wilkie
Summary: In this study, it was found that sublingual and swallowed morphine had similar effects on plasma morphine concentrations and pain relief after 60 minutes. However, taste scores for swallowed morphine were significantly less unpleasant than for sublingual morphine at various time points between 5 and 20 minutes after administration.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Tiffany O. Sheehan, Nicolle W. Davis, Brian C. Peach, Margaret Ansell, Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Yi Guo, Debra Lynch Kelly, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Ann L. Horgas
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE NURSING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicolle W. Davis, Tiffany O. Sheehan, Brian C. Peach, Margaret Ansell, Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Yi Guo, Debra Lynch Kelly, Ann L. Horgas, Saunjoo L. Yoon
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE NURSING
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicolle W. Davis, Tiffany O. Sheehan, Yi Guo, Debra Lynch Kelly, Ann L. Horgas, Saunjoo L. Yoon
Summary: In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, age, stroke severity, and emergency department length of stay are important predictors of in-hospital mortality, with patients who have an emergency department length of stay of over 3 hours having a 37% increase in odds of mortality.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE NURSING
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Saunjoo L. Yoon, Lisa Scarton, Laurie Duckworth, Yingwei Yao, Miriam O. Ezenwa, Marie L. Suarez, Robert E. Molokie, Diana J. Wilkie
Summary: This study found that older hospice patients with cancer reported less pain and symptoms than younger patients, but all age groups reported similar barriers to pain management. This suggests the need for age- and race-sensitive interventions to reduce pain and symptom distress levels at the end of life.
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jennifer Crook, Ann Horgas, Saun-Joo Yoon, Oliver Grundmann, Versie Johnson-Mallard
Summary: The study found that 41.8% of the population had insufficient levels of Vitamin C, with factors such as being male, aged 20-59, Black and Mexican American, smokers, increased BMI, middle to high poverty to income ratio, and food insecurity being significantly associated with insufficient Vitamin C plasma levels. Plasma Vitamin C levels indicate a large portion of the population is still at risk for inflammatory-driven diseases without symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jennifer Marie Crook, Ann L. Horgas, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Oliver Grundmann, Versie Johnson-Mallard
Summary: This study investigates the association between plasma vitamin C levels and inflammation biomarkers. The findings suggest that insufficient levels of vitamin C may be associated with increased inflammation, highlighting the importance of further research and treatment for individuals at risk of inflammatory-driven diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christina Grinstead, Thomas George, Bo Han, Saunjoo L. Yoon
Summary: Nutritional assessment is crucial in cancer care for improving survival and quality of life. This study found that the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) can be used as a practical tool to assess nutritional status and predict survival in advanced-stage pancreatic cancer patients. Higher weight and albumin levels at the first admission were associated with longer survival. Patients with any nutritional risk had significantly shorter survival compared to those with no nutritional risk. Monitoring nutritional status is vital for promoting increased survival from diagnosis.
Review
Oncology
Christina Grinstead, Saunjoo Yoon
Summary: Despite advances in science and technology, effective treatment for cancer remains challenging due to the lack of sensitive markers for early diagnosis and monitoring. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the association between circulating apelin and cancer, highlighting the need for standardized measurement methods and defining optimal cutoff points. The results showed inconsistent associations between apelin and clinical characteristics, suggesting that the relationship between apelin and cancer differs among cancer types. Future research should focus on standardizing measurement methods and investigating the role of circulating apelin in specific cancer types.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jennifer M. Crook, Saun-Joo L. Yoon, Oliver Grundmann, Ann Horgas, Versie Johnson-Mallard
Summary: Vitamin C is an important component of a healthy immune system, but many people have insufficient levels. Recent research found that inadequate vitamin C levels are associated with coronary artery disease, but this association weakens after controlling for inflammation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Saunjoo L. Yoon, Oliver Grundmann
Summary: Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by unintentional weight loss, sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation. Gastrointestinal cancer patients are more prone to cachexia due to impaired nutrient absorption and digestion. This study assessed the effects of fish oil, melatonin, probiotics, and green tea in managing GI cancer cachexia. Among these supplements, fish oil showed benefits in reducing inflammation, while melatonin had inconsistent findings. Probiotics decreased inflammatory biomarkers and improved chemotherapy tolerability, while green tea had a decreased risk of developing cancers without affecting tumor growth.
Article
Orthopedics
Jessica N. Pelkowski, Saunjoo L. Yoon, Sharon Adams
Summary: This study implemented a preoperative education class to reduce surgery-related anxiety and decrease postoperative phone calls. Results showed that patients who participated in the education class made fewer phone calls to the office postoperatively, indicating a better understanding of the anticipated postoperative experience.
CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE
(2021)