Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cyril Le Nouen, Thomas McCarty, Lijuan Yang, Michael Brown, Eckard Wimmer, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: Recoding viral genomes through codon-pair deoptimization (CPD) can provide new types of live-attenuated vaccine candidates, with a large number of nucleotide changes contributing to genetic stability. A study on a CPD-modified human respiratory syncytial virus, Min B, revealed that after multiple passages, the virus generated viral genomes with large internal deletions that relocated genes and promoted replication and expression. This study sheds light on the adaptability of a debilitated negative-strand RNA virus and the generation of defective minihelper viruses to overcome restrictions, a phenomenon not previously reported in RNA viruses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mariana F. Tioni, Robert Jordan, Angie Silva Pena, Aditya Garg, Danlu Wu, Shannon Phan, Christopher M. Weiss, Xing Cheng, Jack Greenhouse, Tatyana Orekov, Daniel Valentin, Swagata Kar, Laurent Pessaint, Hanne Andersen, Christopher C. Stobart, Melissa H. Bloodworth, R. Stokes Peebles, Yang Liu, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, Martin L. Moore, Roderick S. Tang
Summary: The live attenuated vaccine MV-014-212, which expresses a chimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, shows promising immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical studies and is currently undergoing Phase 1 clinical trials.
Article
Microbiology
Xueqiao Liu, Hong-Su Park, Yumiko Matsuoka, Celia Santos, Lijuan Yang, Cindy Luongo, Ian N. Moore, Reed F. Johnson, Nicole L. Garza, Peng Zhang, Paolo Lusso, Sonja M. Best, Ursula J. Buchholz, Cyril Le Nouen
Summary: Intranasal immunization with the B/HPIV3/S-6P vaccine can significantly increase serum anti-S IgA/IgG levels in hamsters and induce near-sterilizing immunity. The vaccine has the potential to protect infants against both HPIV3 and SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Immunology
Min-A Lee, Su-Hwa You, Usharani Jayaramaiah, Eun-Gyeong Shin, Seung-Min Song, Lanjeong Ju, Seok-Jin Kang, Sun Hee Cho, Bang-Hun Hyun, Hyang-Sim Lee
Summary: This study successfully constructed a live attenuated vaccine by recoding the ORF7 gene of the E38 strain, providing protection against virulent PRRSV-1. The codon pair deoptimized vaccine effectively reduced viral load and respiratory lesions, and induced a strong immune response.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sherri A. Powledge, Taylor B. McAtee, Amelia R. Woolums, T. Robin Falkner, John T. Groves, Merilee Thoresen, Robert Valeris-Chacin, John T. Richeson
Summary: Vaccination with modified-live virus (MLV) did not have a clear impact on the health or growth of high-risk calves, but intranasal MLV vaccination was associated with increased carriage of Histophilus somni (Hs) in the naris and reduced culture of Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) from lung tissue samples. This suggests that intranasal MLV vaccination can alter the microbial community in the respiratory tract of cattle.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cyril Le Nouen, Christine E. Nelson, Xueqiao Liu, Hong-Su Park, Yumiko Matsuoka, Cindy Luongo, Celia Santos, Lijuan Yang, Richard Herbert, Ashley Castens, Ian N. Moore, Temeri Wilder-Kofie, Rashida Moore, April Walker, Peng Zhang, Paolo Lusso, Reed F. Johnson, Nicole L. Garza, Laura E. Via, Shirin Munir, Daniel L. Barber, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: This study generated a pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using a live-attenuated parainfluenza virus vector, and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques. The vaccine induced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Immunized macaques showed undetectable viral replication after challenge. The vaccine will be clinically evaluated as an intranasal vaccine for pediatric use.
Article
Immunology
Coleen K. Cunningham, Ruth A. Karron, Petronella Muresan, Matthew S. Kelly, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Charlotte Perlowski, Jennifer Libous, Jennifer Oliva, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Jack Moye, Elizabeth Schappell, Emily Barr, Vivian Rexroad, Benjamin Johnston, Ellen G. Chadwick, Mikhaela Cielo, Mary Paul, Jaime G. Deville, Mariam Aziz, Lijuan Yang, Cindy Luongo, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: Two promising live-attenuated RSV candidate vaccines were evaluated in healthy children and found to be immunogenic and capable of eliciting strong immune responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jakob Trimpert, Kristina Dietert, Theresa C. Firsching, Nadine Ebert, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Daria Vladimirova, Susanne Kaufer, Fabien Labroussaa, Azza Abdelgawad, Andele Conradie, Thomas Hofler, Julia M. Adler, Luca D. Bertzbach, Joerg Jores, Achim D. Gruber, Volker Thiel, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Dusan Kunec
Summary: This study constructed a series of live attenuated vaccine candidates through large-scale recoding of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, evaluating their safety and efficacy in Syrian hamsters. Two tested viruses were found to be highly immunogenic and induced strong protective immunity without causing clinical symptoms in the animals, showing potential as vaccines to combat the ongoing pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Wang, Chen Yang, Yutong Song, J. Robert Coleman, Marcin Stawowczyk, Juliana Tafrova, Sybil Tasker, David Boltz, Robert Baker, Liliana Garcia, Olivia Seale, Anna Kushnir, Eckard Wimmer, Steffen Mueller
Summary: COVI-VAC is an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine currently in development, which was engineered by recoding a segment of the viral spike protein and deleting the furin cleavage site for added safety. Studies have shown that intranasal vaccination with COVI-VAC in Syrian golden hamsters resulted in lower tissue viral loads, milder lung pathology, and reduced weight loss compared to those inoculated with wild-type virus. Additionally, COVI-VAC generated similar levels of spike IgG antibodies and plaque reduction neutralization titers as wild-type virus inoculation, and provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ji Dong, Zhenyuan Dong, Pei Feng, Yu Gao, Jiashun Li, Yang Wang, Lujie Han, Zhixia Li, Qian Wang, Xuefeng Niu, Chufang Li, Weiqi Pan, Ling Chen
Summary: This study successfully synthesized a new neuraminidase (NA) gene by modifying the codon bias preferences of murine. The gene plays a crucial role in the release and spread of progeny viral particles. By reconstructing nucleotides at the gene termini, the modified NA gene was able to be packaged into the viral genome, making it a potential candidate for a new live attenuated influenza vaccine. In mouse experiments, inoculation of the modified virus induced specific humoral, cell-mediated, and mucosal immune responses, protecting mice from both homologous and heterologous viral challenges. This method may provide a new approach for the development of improved and rapidly responsive live attenuated influenza vaccines.
Review
Virology
Li-Nan Wang, Xiang-Lei Peng, Min Xu, Yuan-Bo Zheng, Yue-Ying Jiao, Jie-Mei Yu, Yuan-Hui Fu, Yan-Peng Zheng, Wu-Yang Zhu, Zhong-Jun Dong, Jin-Sheng He
Summary: This study successfully developed three recombinant RSV strains as potential vaccines against RSV infection, demonstrating their attenuated effects and antigen stability in mice. Through a series of experiments, the researchers proved that combining attenuation mutations and SH gene deletion improved the efficacy and stability of the vaccines.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shimon Amar, Yonat Shemer Avni, Norm O'Rourke, Tal Michael
Summary: The study examines the incidence rates of infectious diseases after a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign and the lifting of social restrictions in Israel. The results suggest that the rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections have increased, indicating that similar trends could occur in other countries.
Review
Immunology
Aileen Ebenig, Mona Lange, Michael D. Muehlebach
Summary: Live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) has been remarkably effective in preventing measles infections, and it can also encode and express additional foreign antigens to induce effective immune responses, protecting against associated pathogens.
Article
Immunology
Zaid Haddadin, Stockton Beveridge, Kailee Fernandez, Danielle A. Rankin, Varvara Probst, Andrew J. Spieker, Tiffanie M. Markus, Laura S. Stewart, William Schaffner, Mary Lou Lindegren, Natasha Halasa
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in hospitalized children. RSV-positive children were more likely to be hospitalized, require intensive care unit admission, and receive oxygen compared with children positive for other viruses. Higher viral load, White race, younger age, and higher severity score were independently associated with hospitalization in RSV-positive children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura E. Smith, Marcin A. Olszewski, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki, Arnika K. Wagner, Thomas Hagglof, Mikael C. I. Karlsson, Margarita Dominguez-Villar, Francisco Garcia-Cozar, Steffan Mueller, Inga Ravens, Guenter Bernhardt, Benedict J. Chambers
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna K. Kraus, Jin Chen, Ilka Edenhofer, Inga Ravens, Ariana Gaspert, Pietro E. Cippa, Steffen Mueller, Rudolf P. Wuthrich, Stephan Segerer, Guenter Bernhardt, Thomas Fehr
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cyril Le Nouen, Thomas McCarty, Michael Brown, Melissa Laird Smith, Roberto Lleras, Michael A. Dolan, Masfique Mehedi, Lijuan Yang, Cindy Luongo, Bo Liang, Shirin Munir, Joshua M. DiNapoli, Steffen Mueller, Eckard Wimmer, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yutong Song, Oleksandr Gorbatsevych, Ying Liu, Joann Mugavero, Sam H. Shen, Charles B. Ward, Emmanuel Asare, Ping Jiang, Aniko V. Paul, Steffen Mueller, Eckard Wimmer
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Bryan S. Kaplan, Carine K. Souza, Phillip C. Gauger, Charles B. Stauft, J. Robert Coleman, Steffen Mueller, Amy L. Vincent
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles B. Stauft, Sam H. Shen, Yutong Song, Oleksandr Gorbatsevych, Emmanuel Asare, Bruce Futcher, Steffen Mueller, Anne Payne, Matthew Brecher, Laura Kramer, Eckard Wimmer
Article
Virology
Cyril Le Nouen, Cindy L. Luongo, Lijuan Yang, Steffen Mueller, Eckard Wimmer, Joshua M. DiNapoli, Peter L. Collins, Ursula J. Buchholz
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles B. Stauft, Chen Yang, J. Robert Coleman, David Boltz, Chiahsuan Chin, Anna Kushnir, Steffen Mueller
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Wang, Chen Yang, Yutong Song, J. Robert Coleman, Marcin Stawowczyk, Juliana Tafrova, Sybil Tasker, David Boltz, Robert Baker, Liliana Garcia, Olivia Seale, Anna Kushnir, Eckard Wimmer, Steffen Mueller
Summary: COVI-VAC is an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine currently in development, which was engineered by recoding a segment of the viral spike protein and deleting the furin cleavage site for added safety. Studies have shown that intranasal vaccination with COVI-VAC in Syrian golden hamsters resulted in lower tissue viral loads, milder lung pathology, and reduced weight loss compared to those inoculated with wild-type virus. Additionally, COVI-VAC generated similar levels of spike IgG antibodies and plaque reduction neutralization titers as wild-type virus inoculation, and provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bahar Ahani, Kevin M. Tuffy, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Deidre Wilkins, Michael E. Abram, Ron Dagan, Joseph B. Domachowske, Johnathan D. Guest, Hong Ji, Anna Kushnir, Amanda Leach, Shabir A. Madhi, Vaishali S. Mankad, Eric A. F. Simoes, Benjamin Sparklin, Scott D. Speer, Ann Marie Stanley, David E. Tabor, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Tonya Villafana
Summary: In this study, researchers analyzed RSV infections and found that the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab remains highly effective, with over 99% of isolates retaining susceptibility to it.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Vincent Ricotta, Yingjie Yu, Nicholas Clayton, Ya-Chen Chuang, Yantian Wang, Steffen Mueller, Kalle Levon, Marcia Simon, Miriam Rafailovich
Article
Hematology
Aranzazu Rossignoli, Ming-Mei Shang, Hanna Gladh, Christine Moessinger, Hassan Foroughi Asl, Husain Ahammad Talukdar, Oscar Franzen, Steffen Mueller, Johan L. M. Bjorkegren, Erika Folestad, Josefin Skogsberg
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2017)