Review
Immunology
Michal Scur, Brendon D. Parsons, Sayanti Dey, Andrew P. Makrigiannis
Summary: Our understanding of CTLRs has expanded beyond their initial roles in pathogen recognition, now encompassing scavenger receptor activity, cell death and cell transformation sensing, and immune response regulation. The diversity in expression and signaling activity among individual CTLR members, as well as the discovery of new receptor binding capabilities and interactions, cellular expression profiles, and receptor structures and signaling mechanisms, has revealed the defining roles of CTLRs in immunity. NK cell receptors, specifically the NKRP1 family of CTLRs, exemplify this functional diversity, displaying essential immune functions beyond NK cells. It is crucial to better understand the functional potential of these receptor families in immune defense and pathology, given the ever-expanding evidence for their involvement in various biological processes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Angela Holder, Jeannine Kolakowski, Chloe Rosentreter, Ellen Knuepfer, Sabine A. F. Jegouzo, Oliver Rosenwasser, Heather Harris, Lotta Baumgaertel, Amanda Gibson, Dirk Werling
Summary: Innate immune receptors form complexes with secondary receptors to activate multiple signaling pathways, regulating homeostasis and immunity. A bovine homologue of Mincle (boMincle) has been characterized to be structurally and functionally similar to the human orthologue (huMincle), although there are some differences. BoMincle is predominantly expressed by myeloid cells, but mRNA transcripts were also detected in granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. BoMincle has the potential to recognize endogenous ligands, suggesting its role in homeostasis in cattle.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Zhiqiang Zhang, Xinchao Liu, Qi Li, Miao Xie, Yongxiong Huang, Baijian Jiang, Xing Li, Yu Huang, Jichang Jian
Summary: This study identified a hepatic lectin molecule from Nile tilapia and uncovered its functions in the tilapia immune response to bacteria. The hepatic lectin plays a crucial role in recognizing and agglutinating pathogens, and it is primarily expressed in nonspecific cytotoxic cells and monocytes/macrophages. Blocking hepatic lectin significantly affects the antibacterial immune responses in tilapia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maxine A. Hoft, Lucian Duvenage, J. Claire Hoving
Summary: This article summarizes the major endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens associated with epidemics, describes their route of infection and clinical presentation, and focuses on the host's pattern recognition receptors and innate immune response to these pathogens.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tomoyuki Shimazu, Mai Suzuki, Ryo Takasaki, Asuka Besshi, Yuna Suzuki, Yoichiro Iwakura
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and innate immune receptors. The researchers found that C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are involved in the immune-stimulating function of LAB. The interaction between LAB and CLRs can reduce the levels of certain cytokines and is only observed in heat-killed LAB. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of LAB.
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quanri Zhang, Weiwei Liu, Han Wang, Hao Zhou, Katarzyna Bulek, Xing Chen, Cun-Jin Zhang, Junjie Zhao, Renliang Zhang, Caini Liu, Zizhen Kang, Robert A. Bermel, George Dubyak, Derek W. Abbott, Tsan Sam Xiao, Laura E. Nagy, Xiaoxia Li
Summary: The C-type lectin receptor Mincle plays a crucial role in promoting central nervous system inflammation by sensing danger signals on TH17 cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lillian F. Zhang, Bernd Lepenies, Sayuri Nakamae, Briana M. Young, Renato L. Santos, Manuela Raffatellu, Brian A. Cobb, Hirotaka Hiyoshi, Andreas J. Baeumler
Summary: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, and the recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. Typhi strains highlights the importance of vaccination. The study identified the human C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN as the receptor for the Vi capsular polysaccharide, which contributes to the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.
Article
Immunology
Michael Frech, Yasunori Omata, Angelika Schmalzl, Stefan Wirtz, Leila Taher, Georg Schett, Mario M. Zaiss, Kerstin Sarter
Summary: This study identified Btn2a2 as a significant player in the regulation of ILC2-T cell interactions. Lack of Btn2a2 expression on ILC2 resulted in elevated T cell responses and prevented chronic helminth infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ronit Vogt Sionov, Chrystelle Lamagna, Zvi Granot
Summary: This study identifies the mechanism of interaction between neutrophils and tumor cells, showing that the interaction between Cathepsin G on neutrophil surface and tumor RAGE, as well as the involvement of C-type lectin receptors, contribute to neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards tumor cells.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Li Jin-yang, Lin Jun-han, G. Mandela Fernandez-Grandon, Zhang Jia-yu, You Min-sheng, Xia Xiao-feng
Summary: This study reports a novel dual carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) CTL named PxIML from Plutella xylostella, showing differential expression levels in response to infection with different types of bacteria. The research also demonstrates that rPxIML plays a crucial role in pathogen recognition and subsequent humoral and cellular immunity in insects.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Review
Entomology
Pengyu Chen, Kristof De Schutter, Els J. M. Van Damme, Guy Smagghe
Summary: Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize and selectively bind specific sugar structures. They are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, playing important roles in immune systems. While insect lectins are not well studied, plant lectins have been characterized and known to possess immunomodulatory properties in vertebrates. The study of lectins and their functions in insects lags behind, but understanding their role in insect immunity is crucial for the development of pest control strategies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Stephen Iwanowycz, Soo Ngoi, Yingqi Li, Megan Hill, Christopher Koivisto, Melodie Parrish, Beichu Guo, Zihai Li, Bei Liu
Summary: DC2s, the majority of conventional DCs within most tumors, have the potential to initiate and sustain antitumor immunity, showing significant correlation with survival across multiple human cancers. Impairment of DC1s and enhancement of DC2 functionality leads to improved tumor control, highlighting the therapeutic and prognostic potential of DC2s within checkpoint blockade-resistant tumors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicolas Millet, Norma Solis, Diane Aguilar, Michail S. Lionakis, Robert T. Wheeler, Nicholas Jendzjowsky, Marc Swidergall
Summary: This study reveals the role of the beta-glucan receptor EphA2 in modulating renal immunopathology during disseminated candidiasis through IL-23 signaling and ferroptotic cell death.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Yan-Xia Sun, Bang-Xian Zhang, Fang-Fang Liu, Xiang-Jun Rao
Summary: This study found that the CTL5 gene is mainly expressed in fourth-instar larvae, adult moths, and the larval epidermis of Bombyx mori. CTL5 expression responds differently to pathogenic stimuli and the molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. Recombinant proteins can bind to hemocytes, polysaccharides, bacteria, and spores, and interact with integrin β2-β5 subunits. Injection of recombinant CTL5 stimulates the expression of immune genes and enhances the clearance of pathogens.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Entomology
Zhihao Ming, Zhiqiang Chen, Hao Tong, Xia Zhou, Tingting Feng, Dai Jianfeng
Summary: C-type lectins (CTLs) are a family of proteins that play important roles in innate immune defenses against microorganisms. They bind to a broad range of ligands and mediate immune responses to clear pathogens. Recent studies have shown that CTLs are essential for arthropods' immune responses to arthropod-borne pathogens. This article reviews the current understanding of CTLs derived from important medical arthropods.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Luis A. Ebensperger, Cecilia Leon, Juan Ramirez-Estrada, Sebastian Abades, Loren D. Hayes, Esteban Nova, Fabian Salazar, Joydeep Bhattacharjee, Maria Ines Becker
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2015)
Article
Immunology
Hassan M. Rostam, Sonali Singh, Fabian Salazar, Peter Magennis, Andrew Hook, Taranjit Singh, Nihal E. Vrana, Morgan R. Alexander, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
Article
Allergy
Fabian Salazar, Laurence Hall, Ola H. Negm, Dennis Awuah, Patrick J. Tighe, Farouk Shakib, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Oncology
Wejdan A. Aldajani, Fabian Salazar, Herb F. Sewell, Alan Knox, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
Review
Immunology
Fabian Salazar, Gordon D. Brown
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Salazar, Dennis Awuah, Ola H. Negm, Farouk Shakib, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Salazar, Gordon D. Brown
Article
Immunology
Dennis Awuah, Meshal Alobaid, Arsalan Latif, Fabian Salazar, Richard D. Emes, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Jose M. Jimenez, Michelle L. Salazar, Sergio Arancibia, Javiera Villar, Fabian Salazar, Gordon D. Brown, Ed C. Lavelle, Luisa Martinez-Pomares, Jafet Ortiz-Quintero, Sergio Lavandero, Augusto Manubens, Maria Ines Becker
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Javiera Villar, Michelle L. Salazar, Jose M. Jimenez, Miguel Del Campo, Augusto Manubens, Maria Alejandra Gleisner, Ignacio Avalos, Flavio Salazar-Onfray, Fabian Salazar, Daniel A. Mitchell, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Luisa Martinez-Pomares, Maria Ines Becker
Summary: This study demonstrates that the clinically valuable hemocyanins interact with human mannose-sensitive CLRs, initiating an immune response and promoting a Th1 cell-driving potential. Hemocyanins are internalized by a mannose-sensitive mechanism, partly through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and the proinflammatory cytokine response is impaired when using deglycosylated forms. Hemocyanins bind to human MR and DC-SIGN in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with affinity constants in the physiological concentration range.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Fabian Salazar, Elaine Bignell, Gordon D. Brown, Peter C. Cook, Adilia Warris
Summary: Individuals with severe viral respiratory tract infections are at risk for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. Fungal infections complicating influenza pneumonia are associated with increased disease severity and mortality. Similar observations have been made during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The co-pathogenesis of respiratory viral and fungal coinfections involves a complex interaction between host immune defenses and microbial virulence.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ivy M. M. Dambuza, Adilia Warris, Fabian Salazar
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy stimulates dysfunctional T cells to kill cancer cells, representing a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Apart from its effects on anticancer immunity, ICI therapy may increase susceptibility to or resolve chronic infections, particularly those caused by human fungal pathogens. This concise review summarizes recent findings that link immune checkpoint blockade to fungal infection outcomes.
Article
Microbiology
Remi Hatinguais, Madalaine Kay, Fabian Salazar, Daniel P. P. Conn, David L. L. Williams, Peter C. C. Cook, Janet A. A. Willment, Gordon D. D. Brown
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Vladimir Riabov, Fabian Salazar, Su Su Htwe, Alexandru Gudima, Christina Schmuttermaier, Julien Barthes, Helena Knopf-Marques, Harald Kluter, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami, Nihal Engin Vrana, Julia Kzhyshkowska
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2017)