Review
Hematology
Daniela Flores-Gomez, Siroon Bekkering, Mihai G. Netea, Niels P. Riksen
Summary: Atherosclerosis is characterized by persistent inflammation in the arterial wall, where trained immunity of the innate immune system may play a crucial role in its pathophysiology. This mechanism offers exciting novel pharmacological targets for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sadiya S. Khan, Hongyan Ning, Arjun Sinha, John Wilkins, Norrina B. Allen, Thanh Huyen T. Vu, Jarett D. Berry, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Ranya Sweis
Summary: This study found that smoking is significantly associated with premature death, whether related to cardiovascular disease or not. Smoking not only increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also leads to an earlier onset of cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Shakia T. Hardy, Swati Sakhuja, Byron C. Jaeger, Suzanne Oparil, Oluwasegun P. Akinyelure, Tanya M. Spruill, Jolaade Kalinowski, Mark Butler, D. Edmund Anstey, Tali Elfassy, Gabriel S. Tajeu, Norrina B. Allen, Orna Reges, Mario Sims, Daichi Shimbo, Paul Muntner
Summary: The study found that maintaining a normal body mass index and engaging in ideal physical activity were associated with maintaining normal blood pressure for African American adults.
Review
Immunology
Rizky A. Irwandi, Scott T. Chiesa, George Hajishengallis, Venizelos Papayannopoulos, John E. Deanfield, Francesco D'Aiuto
Summary: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, and periodontitis is linked to this chronic inflammatory disease. Neutrophils play an important role in mediating the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Systemic inflammation triggered by periodontitis can lead to the overproduction and hyper-responsiveness of neutrophils, contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Domenico Azzolino, Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro, Edoardo Saporiti, Costanza Luchetti, Carlo Agostoni, Matteo Cesari
Summary: Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass and bone loss, leading to adverse outcomes such as falls, fractures, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Taking action during critical periods in early life to build biological reserves can influence the rate of functional decline in later stages. Nutrition and physical exercise play a key role in influencing musculoskeletal development and maintaining peak bone and muscle mass.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ellesandra C. Noye, Siroon Bekkering, Albert P. Limawan, Maria U. Nguyen, Lisa K. Widiasmoko, Hui Lu, Salvatore Pepe, Michael M. Cheung, Trevelyan R. Menheniott, Megan J. Wallace, Timothy J. Moss, David P. Burgner, Kirsty R. Short
Summary: The study found that postnatal LPS exposure in atherosclerosis-prone mice resulted in a trained phenotype, which was not enhanced by prenatal inflammation. Additionally, combined prenatal and postnatal LPS exposure was associated with a reduction in populations of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xingqi Cao, Jingyun Zhang, Chao Ma, Xueqin Li, Chia-Ling Kuo, Morgan E. Levine, Guoqing Hu, Heather Allore, Xi Chen, Xifeng Wu, Zuyun Liu
Summary: The complex relationship between life course traumas and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the underpinning pathways were explored in this study. Analysis of data from the UK Biobank revealed that childhood, adulthood, and lifetime traumas were associated with CVD. Moreover, different life course traumatic profiles were significantly linked to CVD. The study found that phenotypic aging partially mediated the associations between traumas and CVD. These findings highlight the potential pathway from life course traumas to CVD through phenotypic aging and emphasize the importance of policy programs targeting traumas in reducing cardiovascular health disparities.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cecilia Potente, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Justin Chumbley, Steven W. Cole, Lauren Gaydosh, Wenjia Xu, Brandt Levitt, Michael J. Shanahan
Summary: The study found that body weight is associated with gene expression signatures of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in sensitive periods, with birth weight having a significant impact on these features, while recent adult obesity status is also important. The association between body size and inflammation aligns with the accumulation model.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Laszlo A. Groh, Dagmar E. Verel, Charlotte D. C. C. van der Heijden, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, L. Charlotte de Bree, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, Vera P. Mourits, Samuel T. Keating, Jelmer H. van Puffelen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Niels P. Riksen
Summary: This study found that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) alter the balance of intracellular steroid hormones in monocytes and that progesterone has the ability to suppress oxLDL-induced trained immunity. This finding may explain the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in premenopausal women.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Charles Drummer, Fatma Saaoud, Ying Shao, Yu Sun, Keman Xu, Yifan Lu, Dong Ni, Diana Atar, Xiaohua Jiang, Hong Wang, Xiaofeng Yang
Summary: Innate immune cells can develop trained immunity after exposure to stimuli like lipopolysaccharides and oxLDL, leading to altered responses upon subsequent challenges. This phenomenon is important for host defense and inflammation, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Trained immunity involves rewiring cellular metabolism and epigenetic remodeling that enhance gene transcription and proinflammatory immune responses, contributing to chronic inflammation.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Erika Huijser, Cornelia G. van Helden-Meeuwsen, Dwin G. B. Grashof, Jessica R. Tarn, Zana Brkic, Josje M. A. Huisman, M. Javad Wahadat, Harmen J. G. van de Werken, Ana P. Lopes, Joel A. G. van Roon, Paul L. A. van Daele, Sylvia Kamphuis, Wan-Fai Ng, Siroon Bekkering, Leo A. B. Joosten, Willem A. Dik, Marjan A. Versnel
Summary: Trained immunity is a long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells that is linked to atherosclerosis. This study investigated the link between type I interferons and trained immunity in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. The findings suggest that type I interferon induces a trained immunity phenotype in monocytes, while trained immunity also affects the production of type I interferons.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katherine A. Robinson, Naveed Akbar, Kajus Baidzajevas, Robin P. Choudhury
Summary: Metabolic diseases are associated with inflammation, which negatively affects cardiovascular health. Evidence shows that long-term hyperactivation of innate immune cells and their bone marrow progenitors, known as trained immunity, accelerates atherosclerosis in cardiometabolic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of trained immunity can lead to the development of novel therapies for reducing cardiovascular risk in metabolic diseases.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Cynthia Maxwell, Rachelle Shirley, Amy C. O'Higgins, Mary L. Rosser, Patrick O'Brien, Moshe Hod, Sharleen L. O'Reilly, Virna P. Medina, Graeme N. Smith, Mark A. Hanson, Sumaiya Adam, Ronald C. Ma, Anil Kapur, Harold David McIntyre, Bo Jacobsson, Liona C. Poon, Lina Bergman, Lesley Regan, Esraa Algurjia, Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Summary: Obesity is a chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable neurobehavioral disease that affects women's health and requires a focus on optimizing health outcomes rather than weight loss. Appropriate and sensitive language, as well as trauma-informed care, is necessary when discussing obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jack Quach, Olga Theou, Judith Godin, Kenneth Rockwood, Dustin Scott Kehler
Summary: The study investigated the combined burden of frailty and poor cardiovascular health on mortality risk by sex and age, finding that the impact varies with age in males but remains constant in females. Older males with at least mild frailty and intermediate cardiovascular health or worse had a higher risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Adding frailty assessment to evaluations of cardiovascular health may help identify individuals at higher risk of mortality.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne-Sophie Beignon, Caroline Galeotti, Mickael M. M. Menager, Adrien Schvartz
Summary: Autoimmune disorders have well-studied pathophysiology, but autoinflammatory disorders are not fully understood. Trained immunity challenges the notion of adaptive immunity's exclusivity to memory response. It improves innate cell responsiveness and function in the long term through metabolic and epigenetic changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or tissue-resident cells. This article explores how trained immunity may contribute to the pathophysiology of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ahmed Elhakeem, Amy E. Taylor, Hazel M. Inskip, Jonathan Y. Huang, Toby Mansell, Carina Rodrigues, Federica Asta, Sophia M. Blaauwendraad, Siri E. Haberg, Jane Halliday, Margreet W. Harskamp-van Ginkel, Jian-Rong He, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Sharon Lewis, Gillian M. Maher, Yannis Manios, Fergus P. McCarthy, Irwin K. M. Reiss, Franca Rusconi, Theodosia Salika, Muriel Tafflet, Xiu Qiu, Bjorn O. Asvold, David Burgner, Jerry K. Y. Chan, Luigi Gagliardi, Romy Gaillard, Barbara Heude, Maria C. Magnus, George Moschonis, Deirdre Murray, Scott M. Nelson, Daniela Porta, Richard Saffery, Henrique Barros, Johan G. Eriksson, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Deborah A. Lawlor
Summary: This study aimed to examine the associations of assisted reproductive technology (ART) conception with offspring cardiometabolic health outcomes and whether these associations differ with age. The researchers found small and statistically non-significant differences in offspring cardiometabolic outcomes between ART-conceived and naturally conceived offspring. The study concluded that these findings should reassure individuals receiving ART, but longer-term follow-up is needed to investigate changes in the risks of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease over adulthood.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Jessica Cristina dos Santos, Siroon Bekkering, Willem J. M. Mulder, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Niels P. Riksen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea
Summary: Trained immunity is a non-specific enhanced responsiveness of innate immune cells that relies on epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic programs. It improves the response to infections and vaccines but may also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, autoinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Jing Wang, Katherine Lange, Valerie Sung, Angela Morgan, Richard Saffery, Melissa Wake
Summary: Although more than 200 genes have been associated with monogenic congenital hearing loss, the polygenic contribution to hearing decline across the life course remains largely unknown. This study found an association between polygenic risk scores for self-reported hearing difficulty among adults and measured hearing and speech reception abilities in mid-childhood and early midlife.
JAMA OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Correction
Clinical Neurology
Michaela-Kristina Keck, Martin Sill, Andrea Wittmann, Piyush Joshi, Damian Stichel, Pengbo Beck, Konstantin Okonechnikow, Philipp Sievers, Annika K. Wefers, Federico Roncaroli, Shivaram Avula, Martin G. McCabe, James T. Hayden, Pieter Wesseling, Ingrid Ora, Monica Nister, Mariette E. G. Kranendonk, Bastiaan B. J. Tops, Michal Zapotocky, Josef Zamecnik, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Tanguy Fenouil, David Meyronet, Katja von Hoff, Ulrich Schueller, Hugues Loiseau, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Christof M. Kramm, Dominik Sturm, David Scheie, Tuomas Rauramaa, Jouni Pesola, Johannes Gojo, Christine Haberler, Sebastian Brandner, Tom Jacques, Alexandra Sexton Oates, Richard Saffery, Ewa Koscielniak, Suzanne J. Baker, Stephen Yip, Matija Snuderl, Nasir Ud Din, David Samuel, Kathrin Schramm, Mirjam Blattner-Johnson, Florian Selt, Jonas Ecker, Till Milde, Andreas von Deimling, Andrey Korshunov, Arie Perry, Stefan M. Pfister, Felix Sahm, David A. Solomon, David T. W. Jones
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Harsh Bahrar, Siroon Bekkering, Rinke Stienstra, Mihai G. Netea, Niels P. Riksen
Summary: Low-grade systemic inflammation is an important component of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and long-term activation of myeloid cells plays a crucial role in this process. Obesity and metabolic complications induce long-lasting inflammatory reprogramming of innate immune cells, leading to atherosclerosis. This review discusses the mechanisms through which innate immune cells undergo long-term changes upon exposure to endogenous ligands, termed "trained immunity". Inappropriate induction of trained immunity contributes to hyperinflammation and proatherogenic changes, highlighting the importance of identifying novel pharmacological targets for preventing or treating cardiovascular diseases.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xi Yuan, Jiayu Huang, Li Wen, Boris Novakovic, Mark D. Kilby, Chao Tong, Hongbo Qi, Richard Saffery, Philip N. Baker
Summary: Despite being genetically identical, monozygotic (MZ) twins can have discordant congenital heart disease (CHD) due to in utero environmental factors. This study identified epigenetic variations in cord blood of discordant MZ twins that are associated with CHD. The results revealed specific DNA methylation variations that are biomarkers and potential targets for intervention in CHD.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Niels P. P. Riksen, Siroon Bekkering, Willem J. M. Mulder, Mihai G. G. Netea
Summary: Trained immunity is a mechanism of chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, induced by endogenous factors and lifestyle factors, leading to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of myeloid cells. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms of trained immunity, its activation by cardiovascular risk factors, and potential therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Li Wen, Huijia Fu, Richard Saffery, Chao Tong, Yamin Liu, Mark D. Kilby, Hongbo Qi, Philip N. Baker
Summary: This study measured the concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in the cord blood of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The findings showed that cord blood adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with IUGR, while cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower in IUGR twins. Furthermore, adiponectin was negatively associated with height increments in the first 6 months, and leptin was inversely associated with weight and height increments in the first 6 months, as well as weight and height at 6 and 24 months. These results indicate the influence of adiponectin and leptin in cord blood on IUGR and childhood growth trajectories.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Clara Calvert, Meredith (Merilee) Brockway, Helga Zoega, Jessica E. Miller, Jasper V. Been, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Amy Racine-Poon, Solmaz Eradat Oskoui, Ishaya I. Abok, Nima Aghaeepour, Christie D. Akwaowo, Belal N. Alshaikh, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Fabiana Bacchini, Behzad Barekatain, Rodrigo Barnes, Karolina Bebak, Anick Berard, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Jeffrey R. Brook, Lenroy R. Bryan, Kim N. Cajachagua-Torres, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Dinh-Toi Chu, Kristin L. Connor, Luc Cornette, Sandra Cortes, Mandy Daly, Christian Debauche, Iyabode Olabisi F. Dedeke, Kristjana Einarsdottir, Hilde Engjom, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez, Ilaria Fantasia, Nicole M. Fiorentino, Meredith Franklin, Abigail Fraser, Onesmus W. Gachuno, Linda A. Gallo, Mika Gissler, Siri E. Haberg, Abbas Habibelahi, Jonas Haeggstroem, Lauren Hookham, Lisa Hui, Luis Huicho, Karen J. Hunter, Sayeeda Huq, K. C. Ashish, Seilesh Kadambari, Roya Kelishadi, Narjes Khalili, Joanna Kippen, Kirsty Le Doare, Javier Llorca, Laura A. Magee, Maria C. Magnus, Kenneth K. C. Man, Patrick M. Mburugu, Rishi P. Mediratta, Andrew D. Morris, Nazeem Muhajarine, Rachel H. Mulholland, Livia Nagy Bonnard, Victoria Nakibuuka, Natasha Nassar, Sylvester D. Nyadanu, Laura Oakley, Adesina Oladokun, Oladapo O. Olayemi, Olanike A. Olutekunbi, Rosena O. Oluwafemi, Taofik O. Ogunkunle, Chris Orton, Anne K. oertqvist, Joseph Ouma, Oyejoke Oyapero, Kirsten R. Palmer, Lars H. Pedersen, Gavin Pereira, Isabel Pereyra, Roy K. Philip, Dominik Pruski, Marcin Przybylski, Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo, Annette K. Regan, Natasha R. Rhoda, Tonia A. Rihs, Taylor Riley, Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha, Daniel L. Rolnik, Christoph Saner, Francisco J. Schneuer, Vivienne L. Souter, Olof Stephansson, Shengzhi Sun, Emma M. Swift, Miklos Szabo, Marleen Temmerman, Lloyd Tooke, Marcelo L. Urquia, Peter von Dadelszen, Gregory A. Wellenius, Clare Whitehead, Ian C. K. Wong, Rachael Wood, Katarzyna Wroblewska-Seniuk, Kojo Yeboah-Antwi, Christopher S. Yilgwan, Agnieszka Zawiejska, Aziz Sheikh, Natalie Rodriguez, David Burgner, Sarah J. Stock, Meghan B. Azad
Summary: An analysis of 52 million births in 26 countries suggests that there were slight reductions in preterm birth rates during the first to third months of lockdown. However, further research is needed to understand the causal pathways. Preterm birth is a significant cause of infant mortality globally. The study also found variations in stillbirth rates across different countries. The findings highlight the importance of studying the effects of lockdown measures on birth outcomes.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Toby Mansell, Siroon Bekkering, Danielle Longmore, Costan G. Magnussen, Amanda Vlahos, Brooke E. Harcourt, Zoe McCallum, Kung-Ting Kao, Matthew A. Sabin, Markus Juonala, Richard Saffery, David P. Burgner, Christoph Saner
Summary: This study demonstrates associations between severe obesity and inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Specifically, glycoprotein acetyls and white blood cell count may be useful in assessing the severity of chronic inflammation related to obesity over time.
OBESITY RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Yanshan Zhu, Flavia Jacqueline Almeida, J. Kenneth Baillie, Asha C. Bowen, Philip N. Britton, Martin Eduardo Brizuela, Danilo Buonsenso, David Burgner, Keng Yih Chew, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Cheryl Cohen, Stephania A. Cormier, Nigel Crawford, Nigel Curtis, Camila G. A. Farias, Charles F. Gilks, Anne von Gottberg, Diana Hamer, Daniel Jarovsky, Waasila Jassat, Ana Rita Jesus, Lisa S. Kemp, Benjawan Khumcha, Georgina McCallum, Jessica E. Miller, Rosa Morello, Alasdair P. S. Munro, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Srivatsan Padmanabhan, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, Gary Reubenson, Nicole Ritz, Fernanda Rodrigues, Supattra Rungmaitree, Fiona Russell, Marco A. P. Safadi, Christoph Saner, Malcolm G. Semple, Daniella Gregoria Bomfim Prado da Silva, Laise Marine Moura de Sousa, Marilia Diogo Moco Souza, Kirsten Spann, Sibongile Walaza, Nicole Wolter, Yao Xia, Daniel K. Yeoh, Heather J. Zar, Petra Zimmermann, Kirsty R. Short
Summary: This study investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children. The results suggest that while ICU admissions decrease across all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support generally do not decrease significantly over time in children aged younger than 5 years.
Review
Hematology
Dorien M. Salet, Siroon Bekkering, Saskia Middeldorp, Lucas L. van den Hoogen
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that cause thrombotic and obstetric complications. APS serves as a model for studying the mechanisms of thromboinflammation and the relationship between innate immune cells and thrombosis. Monocytes are activated by aPL to produce proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor, while neutrophils generate neutrophil extracellular traps and interact with endothelial cells, leading to thrombosis. Platelets become procoagulant upon activation by aPL and increase interactions with leukocytes. Understanding these mechanisms provides potential therapeutic targets for APS and other thromboinflammatory diseases.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Nils Rother, Cansu Yanginlar, Geoffrey Prevot, Inge Jonkman, Maaike Jacobs, Mandy M. T. van Leent, Julia van Heck, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Anthony Azzun, Judit Morla-Folch, Anna Ranzenigo, William Wang, Roy van der Meel, Zahi A. Fayad, Niels P. Riksen, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Rik G. H. Lindeboom, Joost H. A. Martens, Michiel Vermeulen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Willem J. M. Mulder, Johan van der Vlag, Abraham J. P. Teunissen, Raphael Duivenvoorden
Summary: Innate immune memory, also known as trained immunity, is a functional state of myeloid cells that enhances immune responses. This study demonstrates that sphingolipids and sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes play a role in modulating trained immunity. Acid ceramidase, an enzyme that converts ceramide to sphingosine, is shown to regulate histone-modifying enzymes and subsequently affect immune responses. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding acid ceramidase are associated with trained immunity cytokine response. This research highlights the immunomodulatory effect of sphingolipids and identifies acid ceramidase as a potential therapeutic target for immune-driven disorders.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lara S. F. Konijnenberg, Dasa Zugwitz, Henk Everaars, Nina W. van der Hoeven, Ahmet Demirkiran, Laura Rodwell, Maarten A. H. van Leeuwen, Albert C. van Rossum, Saloua El Messaoudi, Niels P. Riksen, Niels van Royen, Robin Nijveldt
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the suppressive effect of ticagrelor on CMR T1 and T2 values in remote myocardium. The results showed that ticagrelor maintenance therapy was not superior to prasugrel in preventing early remote myocardial inflammation in revascularized STEMI patients as assessed by CMR T1 and T2 mapping.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
