Article
Energy & Fuels
Chunxiang Liu, Tairun Lai, Hao Zhang, Ping Huang, Kaihong Lin, Yuchao Lin, Man Li
Summary: This paper investigates the morphology of turbulent diffusion flames under slope conditions with varying aspect ratios. The results show that the presence of a slope affects the flame tilt angle, flame length, and flame height. Additionally, new models considering the slope angle and aspect ratio of the fire source are established and verified.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yubo Bi, Zhian Yang, Haiyong Cong, Mingshu Bi, Wei Gao
Summary: This study experimentally and theoretically investigated the effect of inclined surface on pool fire behavior. The results showed that the flame tilt angle and length increased with inclination angle, while the flame height decreased. The flame pulsation frequency decreased with increasing inclination angle.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kun He, Xudong Cheng, Ying Zhen Li, Haukur Ingason, Zhicheng Shi, Hui Yang, Heping Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the diffusion flame characteristics of double fires generated from separated burners in a naturally ventilated tunnel, considering different heat release rates and fire separation distances. The results showed changes in flame tilt angle, horizontal projected flame length, and vertical flame length with increasing fire separation distance. Critical flame merging separation distance was found to be greater than that of two fires in an open environment due to fire-induced air flows.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kuibin Zhou, Le Zhang, Mengyuan Huang, Mengya Zhou, Chao Wang
Summary: This paper systematically studies two identical buoyant fires on a slope, investigating the effects of fire spacing, fire power, slope angle, and burner layout on flame merging probability and geometry. The results show that flame merging behavior with spacing can be divided into consistent, intermittent, and independent regimes, and burner layout affects the critical dimensionless spacing that distinguishes these regimes, due to differences in air flow fields.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaohua Mao, Zhen Mao, Bo Li, Wenjie Hao, Shishan Liu, Yangyang Hu, Yuji Fang
Summary: This paper studies the characteristic parameters of flame spread over RP-5 aviation kerosene under forced airflow, including flame tilt angle, flame height, and flame spread rate. It is found that the flame tilt angle increases with airflow speed and becomes stable, while the flame height decreases monotonically. Flame bifurcation and fire spread rate variations induced by critical airflow speed are observed. The mean flame spread rate increases with concurrent airflow speed and decreases with opposed airflow speed, but remains essentially unchanged under perpendicular airflows.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaochun Zhang, Linjie Chen, Zhenyi Zhang, Zhangkun Cheng, Geyao Zhou, Ruichao Wei, Fei Ren, Qiang Wang
Summary: This paper developed a model for flame length and fuel mass loss rate based on flame morphology under the constrained conditions of tunnel curved ceiling. The study found the relationship between air entrainment velocity and longitudinal ventilation speed, and the correlation between the product of flame length and air entrainment velocity and fuel mass loss rate. Furthermore, the paper expanded the applicability of flame tilt angle models and discovered that the flame tilt angle is smaller when attached to the wall at the same wind speed.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Huaxian Wan, Yueyue Xiao, Shuqi Wei, Yuchun Zhang, Yasushi Oka
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the flame extension below the ceiling induced by two unequal square gaseous fires in a 1:10 scale tunnel. The flame length and tilt angle were analyzed based on the measured gas temperatures. A new model for flame length and a merging criterion were proposed. The results provide useful references for personal evacuation, fire rescue, and risk assessment in tunnels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chuangang Fan, Dia Luan, Zhengyang Wang
Summary: Pool spacing and cross wind affect the fire spread and flame interaction between liquid fires. The shielding effect of the upstream flame restricts air entrainment and negatively affects fuel burning in the downstream flame. The flame tilt angle is determined by horizontal wind, vertical fire buoyancy, and pool spacing. The flame length is influenced by both cross wind and pool spacing through changes in burning rate, and flame merging probability increases with decreasing pool spacing and increasing wind velocity.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tao Deng, Stuart Norris, Rajnish N. Sharma
Summary: In a windy environment, the flame geometry of liquid fuel fires can be described by the flame tilt angle and base drag length. This study used numerical simulations with the FDS code to model three typical fire sizes in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel and a windy open space, and validated the CFD modeling methodology against experimental data. The findings showed that weak ventilation in the tunnel led to a backlayering flow, causing a two-layer flow pattern upstream and affecting the flame geometry. Unlike open fires, the tunnel area and heat release rate were found to be additional factors influencing the flame geometry.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Changchun Liu, Linyuan Huang, Tiandiao Deng, Hua Jiang, Pengzhi Wu, Bo Liu, Jun Deng, Zhenmin Luo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different rear bottom wall lengths on jet diffusion flames under cross-wind conditions. The experimental results showed that the bottom wall had a significant effect on flame blow-out limit, shape, length, and tilt angle. Exceeding a certain length, the rear bottom wall caused the flames to lift-off easily, and the flames adhered to the bottom wall due to the Coanda effect. The empirical formula of flame tilt angle was obtained by analogy analysis and exhibited good correlation with experimental data.
Article
Thermodynamics
Fei Tang, Qing He, Xiepeng Sun, Lin Jiang, Peng Hu, Longhua Hu
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the effects of relative strong crosswinds on flame geometry characteristics from carriage fires in a tunnel. It found that flame height and horizontal length show different trends as crosswind speed increases to strong conditions, with a proposed physical model to interpret the evolution behavior. Non-dimensional parameters were identified to represent the controlling mechanisms, providing quantitative data and basic understanding of flame geometry characteristics in such conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tang-Hong Liu, Lei Wang, Zheng-Wei Chen, Hong-Rui Gao, Wen-Hui Li, Zi-jian Guo, Yu-Tao Xia, Xiao-Shuai Huo, You-Wu Wang
Summary: This study analyzes the effect of pressure pipe length on train surface pressure fluctuations through field tests and determines an appropriate length. It also investigates the aerodynamic performance of trains under crosswind conditions.
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiao Chen, Zhiwei Ding, Shouxiang Lu
Summary: The study experimentally investigated the combined effect of sidewall height and cross air flow on the mass burning rate, flame height, and flame tilt behavior of pool fire. Results showed that the mass burning rate increases with cross wind velocity while the presence of sidewalls affects the rate, and a dimensionless parameter was introduced to illustrate this effect. Then, the study further examined the impact of sidewall height on burning rate, flame height, and flame tilt angle of pool fire.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinfei Zhao, Jiahao Liu, Haihang Li, Jian Wang
Summary: Experimental investigation on horizontal buoyancy-controlled jet fires was conducted to study the flame projection length under different ambient air pressures. It was found that the flame projection length increases with an increase in heat release rate and decreases with increasing ambient air pressure. The relationship between flame projection length and atmospheric pressure can be expressed as a power law.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Richeng Ouyang, Wangda Zhao, Liliang Yang, Ao Jiao, Zhisheng Xu, Chuangang Fan
Summary: The study conducted a series of experiments to investigate the variations of burning rate and flame shape in highway tunnel fires in alpine gorge areas with canyon cross wind and longitudinal ventilation. It was found that the burning rate increases with increasing airflow velocity in the tunnel, and the flame tilts vertically upward in proportion to the canyon cross wind velocity.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)