Article
Thermodynamics
Esra Caliskan, Tuba Cakir Canak, Mufide Karahasanoglu, I. Ersin Serhatli
Summary: The novel compound BHAPPO showed effective flame retardant properties for polyurethane foam, with a confirmed synergistic effect when combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The combination of BHAPPO and APP was found to have a dependency in reducing flammability and enhancing char formation of the foam.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shenghe Zhang, Fukai Chu, Zhoumei Xu, Yifan Zhou, Yong Qiu, Lijun Qian, Yuan Hu, Bibo Wang, Weizhao Hu
Summary: In this study, the effects of three different phosphorus-containing compounds on the flame-retardant performance of FPUF were investigated, and their flame-retardant mechanism was explored. Among them, MPBT showed the highest flame-retardant efficiency. Increasing the addition amount of MPBT resulted in improved comprehensive performance of flame-retardant FPUF.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Young Shin Kim, Euy Sik Jeon
Summary: The mechanical and flame-retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) were analyzed in relation to different types of flame retardants. The study compared FPUF samples containing halogenated and halogen-free flame retardants. Various tests, such as cup foaming, square foaming, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, horizontal flame test, limited oxygen index, and cone calorimeter test, were conducted to evaluate the properties of the foams. The results show that FPUF blended with expandable graphite exhibited improved tensile strength and reduced heat release compared to samples containing melamine or tris 2-chloropropyl phosphate (TCPP).
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Jia-yan Zhang, Bo-wen Liu, Yu-zhong Wang, Hai-bo Zhao
Summary: This article summarizes the combustion characteristics and flame-retardant mechanism of polyurethane foams, and analyzes the recent progress of different flame-retardant strategies. It also discusses the difference and similarities of combustion behaviors and flame-retardant methods for rigid and flexible polyurethane foams. The article emphasizes the importance of developing efficient flame-retardant molecules or additives, enhancing the durability of flame-retardant coatings, and combining various flame-retardant methods for optimal results. The future development of flame-retardant polyurethane foams should focus on environmental friendliness, high efficiency, high flame-retardant and smoke suppression, and recyclability.
ACTA POLYMERICA SINICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Dan Meng, Xiaodong Liu, Shuheng Wang, Jun Sun, Hongfei Li, Zhongwei Wang, Xiaoyu Gu, Sheng Zhang
Summary: A self-healing coating containing PEI/APP polyelectrolyte complex deposited on FPUF with GO was able to improve flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The coating reduced peak heat release rate significantly and exhibited self-healing ability, enhancing compressive strength by 175.0% compared to control.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fuhao Dong, Yuqi Wang, Shibo Wang, Hiba Shaghaleh, Penghao Sun, Xujuan Huang, Xu Xu, Shifa Wang, He Liu
Summary: DOPONIBAM, a novel compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen derived from camphene, acts as an effective flame retardant in polyurethane foam, improving both the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the material.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiazi Wu, Xin Zhang, Zhaolu Qin, Wenchao Zhang, Rongjie Yang
Summary: Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites were fabricated using different flame retardants (APP, PEPA, PCP, and ADP), labeled as RPUF-1, RPUF-2, and RPUF-3. The effects of flame retardants on the apparent density and compressive strength of RPUF were studied. Results showed that flame retardants improved both the apparent density and compressive strength of RPUF composites. The inorganic/organic phosphorus-based flame retardants significantly improved the limiting oxygen index (LOI), especially in RPUF-2 and RPUF-3 systems. Cone calorimeter tests revealed a decrease in heat release for RPUF-1, RPUF-2, and RPUF-3 systems compared to pure RPUF, with APP and ADP system performing the best in reducing heat release, and APP and PEPA systems performing the best in decreasing smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism of RPUF composites was analyzed in detail.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mengjie Cui, Jing Li, Xudong Chen, Wei Hong, Yi Chen, Jun Xiang, Jun Yan, Haojun Fan
Summary: A novel flame retardant PHID was synthesized and incorporated into waterbased polyurethane to enhance its flammability performance. The addition of PHID improved LOI, fire rating, and reduced peak heat release rate and smoke production rate. Various analytical techniques were used to study the synergistic mechanism of P and Si, which led to the designable flammability of the WPU coating.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Menghe Zhu, Zhewen Ma, Lei Liu, Jianzhong Zhang, Siqi Huo, Pingan Song
Summary: This comprehensive review focuses on the design, application, and effects of reactive, additive, and coating halogen-free flame retardants in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The challenges and future research opportunities are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Huhu Zhou, Shuai Tan, Caihong Wang, Yong Wu
Summary: By synthesizing and incorporating a room temperature ionic liquid, TPT, containing phosphorus and sulfur elements into flexible polyurethane foam at a low dosage, enhanced flame retardancy can be achieved without compromising thermal stability and mechanical performance. The use of TPT in FPUF significantly reduces peak heat release rate and increases oxygen index value.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yin Yam Chan, Andreas Korwitz, Doris Pospiech, Bernhard Schartel
Summary: A series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) were prepared with different combinations of flame retardants and additives to evaluate their synergistic effects on the properties of FPUFs. It was found that the combination of expandable graphite and phosphorous polyol significantly improved the char yield of the foams, thereby enhancing their flame retardancy. Furthermore, the addition of expandable graphite effectively reduced smoke and toxic gas emissions, while the replacement of polyether polyol with castor oil maintained the physical and mechanical properties and improved the bio-based content.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Delai Jiao, Haofei Sima, Xiaolin Shi, Chunling Zhang, Bo Liu
Summary: In this study, a mussel-inspired flame retardant was synthesized and used to coat polyurethane foam. The coated foam showed significantly improved flame retardancy without affecting its compression properties.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Xue Qian, Qiang Liu, Hui Li, Hao Zhang, Shouke Yan
Summary: This study focuses on improving the flame retardancy of phosphorous-containing flame-retardant polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams (FPIRs) by adding reactive flame-retardant diol (BEOPMS) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The addition of DMMP decreased the thermal-degradation temperature and compressive strength of FPIRs. Moreover, the PHRR, THR, and TSR of FPIR were significantly reduced by adding DMMP. The LOI of FPIR could be improved by introducing BEOPMS and DMMP.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Siddhesh Mestry, Pavan Borse, Mitesh Patil, Swapnil Vaidya, Simran Jadhav, S. T. Mhaske
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of a phosphorus-containing imine derivative of vanillin and its application in flame-retardant polyurethane coatings. The synthesized compound significantly improves the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the coatings without compromising mechanical properties.
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Lu, Zhipeng Zeng, Zhenglong He, Yuntao Liang, Yong Sun, Shuanglin Song, Lili Wang, Ruling Liu
Summary: A highly dispersed melamine/red phosphorus (MA/RP) composite flame retardant was prepared through mechanical grinding, which effectively dispersed RP in the substrate and improved its flame retardancy. MA/RP flame retardant was then used to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid foams (MA/RP/HF) with uniform and closed pores. The resulting MA/RP/HF showed good thermal stability and achieved the V-0 grade in flame retardant tests, demonstrating its superior flame retardancy compared to rigid polyurethane-based foam and pure HF. The study also discussed the synergistic flame retardancy mechanism of MA and RP on polyurethane-based foam.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Zhoumei Xu, Lijin Duan, Yanbei Hou, Fukai Chu, Shudong Jiang, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Cai, Tongmin Cai, Lingxin He, Fukai Chu, Xiaowei Mu, Longfei Han, Yuan Hu, Bibo Wang, Weizhao Hu
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shuilai Qiu, Xiyun Ren, Xia Zhou, Tao Zhang, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fukai Chu, Zhoumei Xu, Yifan Zhou, Shenghe Zhang, Xiaowei Mu, Junling Wang, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song
Summary: This study constructs a hierarchical core-shell TiO2-based architecture to enhance the interfacial interaction between TiO2 and UPR matrix, improving the mechanical performance of the composites. The optimization of transition metal compounds is crucial for effectively reducing fire hazards of UPR composites.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fukai Chu, Chao Ma, Tao Zhang, Zhoumei Xu, Xiaowei Mu, Wei Cai, Xia Zhou, Shicong Ma, Yifan Zhou, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhoumei Xu, Weiyi Xing, Yanbei Hou, Bin Zou, Longfei Han, Weizhao Hu, Yuan Hu
Summary: The synthesis of a cobalt-based MOF-NH2 modified with PCT named PCT@MOF-NH2 significantly improves the flame retardancy and tensile strength of PS. The addition of PCT@MOF-NH2 leads to over 40% and 31% reductions in pHRR and THR values, showcasing a promising application of MOFs in enhancing flame retardation of polymer materials.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yanbei Hou, Zhoumei Xu, Fukai Chu, Zhou Gui, Lei Song, Yuan Hu, Weizhao Hu
Summary: Metal-organic flame retardants are divided into three categories: OMIFRs, MOSs, and MOFs, focusing on the combination types between organics and metallic compounds to develop efficient and polymer-compatible flame retardants.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Chao Ma, Kang Zhang, Feng Zhou, Yapeng Zheng, Wenru Zeng, Bibo Wang, Weiyi Xing, Weizhao Hu, Yuan Hu
Summary: Organophosphorus additives can improve flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam, but may affect thermal stability and resilience. This study synthesized phosphorus-containing monoacrylate and triacrylate for FPUF composites, leading to enhanced flame retardancy and performance. Additive TAMPO significantly increased gel content and formed an interpenetrating polymer network in FPUF, resulting in improved flame retardancy, thermal stability, and compressive and resilient properties.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Pengfei Jia, Wenhua Cheng, Jingyi Lu, Zhenting Yin, Zhoumei Xu, Liang Cheng, Yong Qiu, Lijun Qian, Yuan Hu, Weizhao Hu, Bibo Wang
Summary: The binary hybrid nanocoating consisting of graphene oxide and octaamino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane has shown significant improvement in enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of flexible polyurethane foam. The hybrid FPUF exhibits better combustion characteristics and mechanical properties, providing better safety and reliability.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Zhang, Jianchao Xi, Shuilai Qiu, Bowen Zhang, Zhangliang Luo, Weiyi Xing, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
Summary: The study developed a SiO2-based polymeric composite coating with lower thermal conductivity and excellent fire resistance. The coating showed significant improvements in fire safety tests, indicating great potential for broadening application prospects.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhoumei Xu, Fukai Chu, Xiaoyu Luo, Xin Jiang, Liang Cheng, Lei Song, Yanbei Hou, Weizhao Hu
Summary: Magnetic composites with flowerlike structure were successfully synthesized for separating heavy-metal ions from wastewater and reusing waste adsorbents. These composites can be used as fire-safety coatings to enhance the fire safety of flexible polyurethane foam.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Cai, Xiaowei Mu, Zhaoxin Li, Weizhao Hu, Yuan Hu
Summary: By synthesizing and grafting cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto the surface of black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, the moist ambient stability and flame retardancy efficiency of the nanosheets are simultaneously improved. With the grafting of PDMS, the BP nanosheets exhibit higher flame retardancy efficiency to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), reducing the harmful gases produced during resin combustion.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuxiang Hu, Dong Yang, Shuisheng Li, Huang Li, Shui Zhang, Yakang Hou, Weizhao Hu, Hu Zheng
Summary: Disposal of tunnel muck is a challenge in tunnel construction. This study explores the possibilities of using filter cake (FC) to prepare unfired bricks. Results show that the addition of waste red brick powder (WRBP) and ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) significantly improves the strength and water resistance of the bricks.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Zhou, Lin Wang, Longlong Ding, Weiye Yang, Congwu Zhang, Dongli Liu, Weizhao Hu, Yuan Hu
Summary: In this study, a black phosphorus-based nano flame retardant was successfully synthesized and added to unsaturated polyester resin, resulting in improved impact strength and fire-retardant properties of the resin. This research provides a new approach for enhancing the performance of UPR-based nanocomposites.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin Jiang, Fukai Chu, Wei Liu, Yuan Hu, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song
Summary: A core-shell architecture derived from covalent triazine frameworks was designed to overcome the brittleness and fire hazard of BMI resin. The resulting material showed unprecedented flame-retardant effects under low addition of flame retardants and improved toughness without sacrificing rigidity. This work provides a unique clue for designing efficient multifunctional modifiers and promotes the development of advanced BMI.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Tetsu Sato, Mariko Takahashi, Takeshi Saito, Masahito Toyonaga, Itsuo Tanuma, Rie Yamada, Satoru Hosoda
Summary: An automatic evaluation system for photooxidation has been developed and successfully applied to assess the photo-OIT of LDPE samples containing photooxidation stabilizers. The system allows independent setting of various measurement conditions and provides detailed information on the photooxidation process.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zongzheng Zuo, Shuxue Zhou
Summary: In this study, three fluoroalkyl trimethoxysilane (FATMS) additives with different chain lengths were incorporated into a two-component polyurethane clearcoat to improve its hydrophobic durability. The coatings modified with FATMS maintained their surface hydrophobicity under various conditions, but quickly lost it when exposed to both UV irradiation and/or high temperature with water. The results suggest that the FATMS route is more suitable for indoor applications at room temperature.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Song Li, Feng Zhao, Xueya Wang, Zhihua Liu, Jingze Guo, Yutong Li, Shuangmei Tan, Zhenxiang Xin, Shuai Zhao, Lin Li
Summary: Green flame retardants have garnered attention for their environmental friendliness, but current options fall short in achieving high flame retardancy for flammable polymers and maintaining environmental protection. This study takes a two-pronged approach to address flame retardants and the flame-retardant process. An eco-friendly bio-based synergistic flame retardant (PAU), synthesized using phytic acid (PA) and urea (U), is used to create a flame retardant coating that can be directly applied to any surface shape using polydopamine as an adhesive. The resulting EPS-PAU exhibits excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and light weight while only slightly increasing the density.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2024)
