期刊
PLANTA MEDICA
卷 86, 期 13/14, 页码 906-940出版社
GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
DOI: 10.1055/a-1107-9370
关键词
neem; Azadirachta indica; Meliaceae; endophytic fungi; actinomycetes; bioactive compounds
资金
- DST-PURSE
- UGC-UPE
- BHU, Varanasi
- CSIR
- UGC, New Delhi
- DST, New Delhi [SB/EMEQ-121/2014]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [031B0512E]
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
- Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research, and Technology of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
- German Research Foundation (DFG)
- TU Dortmund, Germany
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is an evergreen tree of the tropics and sub-tropics native to the Indian subcontinent with demonstrated ethnomedicinal value and importance in agriculture as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This ancient medicinal tree, often called the wonder tree, is regarded as a chemical factory of diverse and complex compounds with a plethora of structural scaffolds that is very difficult to mimic by chemical synthesis. Such multifaceted chemical diversity leads to a fantastic repertoire of functional traits, encompassing a wide variety of biological activity and unique modes of action against specific and generalist pathogens and pests. Until now, more than 400 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem including important bioactive secondary metabolites such as azadirachtin, nimbidin, nimbin, nimbolide, gedunin, and many more. In addition to its insecticidal property, the plant is also known for antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antiulcer, antifertility, anti-carcinogenic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anxiolytic, molluscicidal, acaricidal, and antifilarial properties. Notwithstanding the chemical and biological virtuosity of neem, it has also been extensively explored for associated microorganisms, especially a class of mutualists called endophytic microorganisms (or endophytes). More than 30 compounds, including neem mimetic compounds, have been reported from endophytes harbored in the neem trees in different ecological niches. In this review, we provide an informative and in-depth overview of the topic that can serve as a point of reference for an understanding of the functions and applications of a medicinal plant such as neem, including associated endophytes, within the overall theme of phytopathology. Our review further exemplifies the already-noted current surge of interest in plant and microbial natural products for implications both within the ecological and clinical settings, for a more secure and sustainable future. [GRAPHICS] .
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