Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rafael Haenel, Paul Froese, Dirk Manske, Lukas Schwarz
Summary: Recent studies highlight the importance of impurity scattering for the optical Higgs response of superconductors, particularly in the dirty limit where an additional paramagnetic coupling of light to superconducting condensate enhances excitation drastically. Much of the research has focused on periodic driving with light, showing enhanced third-harmonic generation response of the Higgs mode.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guido Homann, Jayson G. Cosme, Junichi Okamoto, Ludwig Mathey
Summary: We propose a mechanism for enhancing interlayer transport in cuprate superconductors by optically driving plasmonic excitations along the c axis. The induced collective oscillation of the Higgs field leads to a parametric enhancement of the superconducting response, with potential for more than 50% improvement. Our analytical predictions are supported by simulations of a particle-hole symmetric U(1) lattice gauge theory.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shan Wu, Yu Song, Yu He, Alex Frano, Ming Yi, Xiang Chen, Hiroshi Uchiyama, Ahmet Alatas, Ayman H. Said, Liran Wang, Thomas Wolf, Christoph Meingast, Robert J. Birgeneau
Summary: In this study, in-plane transverse acoustic phonons in hole-doped Sr1-xNaxFe2As2 were measured via inelastic x-ray scattering, extracting both the nematic susceptibility and nematic correlation length. Short-range nematic fluctuations may favor superconductivity, highlighting the importance of the nematic correlation length in understanding iron-based superconductors.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias S. Ikeda, Thanapat Worasaran, Elliott W. Rosenberg, Johanna C. Palmstrom, Steven A. Kivelson, Ian R. Fisher
Summary: The elastocaloric effect (ECE) measures changes in entropy related to strain experienced by a material, providing valuable information about the entropy landscape near strain-tuned phase transitions. By combining ECE measurements with elastoresistivity measurements, a direct comparison of thermodynamic and transport properties can be made, revealing unexpected relationships between doping dependence and scattering intensity of low-energy quasi-particles by nematic fluctuations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Bellitti, Chris R. Laumann, Boris Z. Spivak
Summary: This theoretical study examines the excitation of Higgs oscillations in superconductors using incoherent short pulses of light with frequency much larger than the superconducting gap. The amplitude of the Higgs mode is determined by a single parameter linked to the total number of quasiparticles excited by the pulse, reflecting the universality of the shape of the light-induced quasiparticle cascade at certain energy ranges.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. Yashunsky, D. J. G. Pearce, C. Blanch-Mercader, F. Ascione, P. Silberzan, L. Giomi
Summary: Collectively migrating cells in living organisms are often guided by their local environment, including physical barriers and internal interfaces. In this study, the impact of physical boundaries on highly active, chaotic, multicellular systems is investigated. The researchers demonstrate the presence of self-organized defects at the boundary which act as local sources of chiral active stress generating directed edge flows. This work highlights the importance of topology and chirality in the emergence of collective cellular flows at boundaries.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Shuting Li, Xuan Zhou, Jiliang Zhu, Kaiyang Du, Yike Du, Han Gao
Summary: Based on Landau-de Gennes theory and the finite-difference iterative method, this study investigates the autonomic modulation of chiral inversion in a cylindrical cavity with degenerate planar anchoring. It is found that chiral inversion can be achieved due to the nonplanar geometry effect and the inversion capacity increases with the helical twisting power. The combined effect of saddle-splay K24 contribution and helical twisting power is analyzed, showing potential applications in smart devices.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Vaswani, J. H. Kang, M. Mootz, L. Luo, X. Yang, C. Sundahl, D. Cheng, C. Huang, R. H. J. Kim, Z. Liu, Y. G. Collantes, E. E. Hellstrom, I. E. Perakis, C. B. Eom, J. Wang
Summary: The study identifies a hybrid Higgs mode in iron-based high-temperature superconductors and demonstrates its quantum control by light. The tunable coherent oscillation of the complex order parameter in these superconductors suggests the appearance and control of the Higgs mode through light tuning of interband interaction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianwei Duan, Jing Ai, Yingying Duan, Lu Han, Shunai Che
Summary: Chiral superstructures can be created by inducing anisotropic epitaxial growth of chiral CdSe/CdS nanorods and their self-assembly into chiral nematic-like films. The resulting films exhibit excitonic absorption- and scattering-based optical activities, as well as circularly polarized luminescence, all thanks to their hierarchical chirality.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zi-Xiao Wang, Jie-Ran Xue, Hong-Kai Shi, Xiao-Qing Jia, Tong Lin, Li-Yu Shi, Tao Dong, Fa Wang, Nan-Lin Wang
Summary: We investigated the nonlinear optical response in a superconducting NbN thin film under strong THz wave. In addition to third-harmonic generation, a temperature-dependent transient oscillation, referred to as transient Higgs oscillation, was observed. The oscillation's decay behavior, consistent with the theoretical prediction, was visualized using a spectrogram. Furthermore, a higher-order nonlinear optics effect, fifth-harmonic generation, was observed and attributed to the higher-order coupling between the Higgs mode and electromagnetic field.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qing Xia, Luming Meng, Tingchao He, Guangxi Huang, Bing Shi Li, Ben Zhong Tang
Summary: This study provides a systematic exploration of chiral amplification of chiral aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecules in liquid crystals (LCs) from direct visualization of their co-assemblies at the nano scale to theoretical calculation of the molecular packing modes on a single molecular level. The direct visualization using AFM imaging revealed that chiral AIE molecules self-assembled into helical fibers to serve as the helical template for LCs to bind, forming co-assemblies with morphologies of pearled necklaces or thick rods. Theoretical calculations suggested that chiral AIE molecules were packed into left-handed helical fibers with empty space between neighboring molecules, providing binding sites for LCs.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xuyang Zou, Rui Xue, Zewei An, Hongwei Li, Jiale Zhang, Yan Jiang, Lijie Huang, Wei Wu, Shuangfei Wang, Guo-Hua Hu, Robert K. Y. Li, Hui Zhao
Summary: This review provides an overview of the main strategies and latest research findings on flexible cellulose nanocrystal-based chiral nematic film materials (FCNM). It summarizes the typical substances and methods used for their preparation and compares different kinds of cellulose nanocrystal-based composites in terms of flexibility. The potential applications and future challenges of flexible cellulose nanocrystal-based chiral nematic materials are also discussed, inspiring further research in this field.
Letter
Chemistry, Physical
Se-Um Kim, Young-Joo Lee, Jiaqi Liu, Dae Seok Kim, Haihuan Wang, Shu Yang
Summary: This research introduces a method using pneumatically inflating thin membranes of main-chain chiral nematic liquid crystalline elastomers to achieve pixelated structural coloration with broadband spectral shifts in a compact space. The materials can be geometrically programmed to control the size and layout of air channels for color shifting from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. Each channel can be individually controlled as a color 'pixel' for various applications such as cryptography, adaptive optics, and soft robotics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dan Qu, Matteo Archimi, Andrea Camposeo, Dario Pisignano, Eyal Zussman
Summary: A method of fabricating circularly polarized lasers using cellulose nanocrystals and a laser dye through evaporation-induced assembly is presented, showing controlled chiral nematic structure and modification of laser polarization state into left-handed, resulting in strong and tailored CP laser emission.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Muhammed M. Rasi, Ravi Kumar Pujala, Sathyanarayana Paladugu, Surajit Dhara
Summary: The study shows that charged silica microrods with homeotropic surface anchoring in chiral nematic liquid crystals form a bound state due to competing electrostatic and elastic interactions. External electrical and mechanical forces do not disrupt the robustness of the bound state, and correlated thermal fluctuations in the bound state reveal hydrodynamic interactions of the microrods. These findings uncover unexplored aspects of liquid-crystal dispersions, which are crucial for understanding the assembly and dynamics of nano- and microparticles in chiral nematic liquid crystals.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kozo Hiranuma, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: The putative spin-triplet superconductor UTe2 exhibits an Ising-like magnetic anisotropy, with the upper critical field for the hard-axis direction significantly larger than that for the easy-axis, indicating strong suppression of the Pauli depairing effect. This behavior is a result of multiorbital f-electron bands with total angular momentum j = 5/2, where spin-orbit couplings for an orthorhombic structure lead to a decrease in spin susceptibility and strong suppression of the Pauli depairing effect in hard-axis magnetic fields below the transition temperature Tc.
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Taiki Matsushita, Yuki Nagai, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: The research explores the impact of disorder on Landau levels in Dirac electron systems using a non-Hermitian quasiparticle Hamiltonian formalism. The formalism unveils that spin-dependent scattering rates lead to a collapse of Landau levels, where energy gaps vanish between n- and -n-th levels under a finite external magnetic field. The collapse occurs in both weak and strong magnetic field regimes, showing a reentrant behavior.
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
O. Tanaka, Y. Mizukami, R. Harasawa, K. Hashimoto, K. Hwang, N. Kurita, H. Tanaka, S. Fujimoto, Y. Matsuda, E-G Moon, T. Shibauchi
Summary: By measuring the heat capacity of alpha-RuCl3 under different magnetic field directions, this study reveals strongly angle-dependent low-energy excitations in the material. These findings are consistent with the characteristics of itinerant Majorana fermions in the Kitaev model. Furthermore, the changes in edge transport correspond to the opening and closing of the bulk gap according to the magnetic field direction, and the absence of the quantum thermal Hall effect at higher magnetic fields suggests a nematic quantum spin liquid state with two-fold rotational symmetry.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Taiki Matsushita, Jiei Ando, Yusuke Masaki, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto, Ilya Vekhter
Summary: In this study, we investigate the spin-Nernst effect in time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors and present it as smoking-gun evidence for helical Cooper pairs. The spin-Nernst effect is a result of asymmetric scattering of quasiparticles at nonmagnetic impurities in spin space, generating a transverse spin current proportional to the temperature gradient. The magnitude and sign of this effect depend on the scattering phase shift at impurity sites, making it a unique and suitable method for identifying time-reversal-invariant topological superconducting orders.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yukiyasu Moriya, Taiki Matsushita, Masahiko G. Yamada, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: This study investigates the intrinsic anomalous thermal Hall effect as a probe of the order parameters of non-unitary pairing states in UTe2, a potential spin-triplet superconductor. By considering all symmetry-allowed non-unitary states under magnetic fields and calculating the anomalous Hall conductivity, the study explores three types of Fermi surfaces predicted by previous band calculations. The results reveal a non-zero anomalous thermal Hall conductivity in certain ratios of two irreducible representations, which can be utilized for future exploration of pairing states in UTe2.
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Masayuki Sugeta, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: In this paper, we propose the 2π-periodic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect as a nonlocal probe of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) without the restriction of fermion parity. We demonstrate the enhancement of the AB effect, where the topological protection of MZMs yields amplified and robust Andreev reflection mediated by MZMs at multiple superconductor-normal metal junctions. We investigate the influence of trivial bound states and show that a nonlocal index enables a more explicit distinction between the trivial and topological bound states than local probes.
JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jushin Tei, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: The measurement of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in UTe2 supports the existence of cylindrical electron and hole Fermi surfaces, indicating that UTe2 is trivial as a 3D time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor. Based on this observation, the possible realization of a topological crystalline superconductor protected by the crystalline symmetry of UTe2 is investigated. Majorana surface states protected by mirror and twofold rotational symmetries for all symmetry-allowed odd-parity pairing states with time-reversal symmetry are examined, and the corresponding topological invariants are clarified. It is found that topological crystalline superconductivity can be realized for all irreducible representations of odd-parity pairing states of UTe2, even for cylindrical Fermi surfaces.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takumi Sanno, Masahiko G. Yamada, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: We propose a platform for a Yang-Lee anyon system constructed from Majorana bound states in topological superconductors. By coupling a topological superconductor junction system with dissipative electron baths, we realize a non-Hermitian interacting Majorana system. Numerical estimations and parameter control confirm the realization of Yang-Lee edge criticality, and we present a scheme for the fusion, measurement, and braiding of Yang-Lee anyons in our proposed setup.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuki Tanaka, Takumi Sanno, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: In this study, we investigate the non-Abelian statistics of Majorana-Kramers pairs (MKPs) in a network system of one-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological superconductors. Through numerical simulations, we examine the tolerance against various perturbations that may cause decoherence of MKPs. The study reveals that the non-Abelian braiding of MKPs is robust against applied magnetic fields and gate-induced inhomogeneous potentials, under certain conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yusuke Masaki, Takeshi Mizushima, Muneto Nitta
Summary: In this paper, the researchers demonstrate the existence and stability of non-Abelian half-quantum vortices (HQVs) in P-3(2) superfluids. They find that a singly quantized vortex is destabilized into a pair of two non-Abelian HQVs and each HQV carries a topologically protected Majorana fermion, characterizing twofold non-Abelian anyons.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taiki Matsushita, Takeshi Mizushima, Ilya Vekhter, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: Research has shown that clapping modes in chiral superconductors couple directly to acoustic wave propagation and generate alternating electric currents. In certain cases, the transverse currents are resonantly enhanced at low energies, providing evidence of chiral superconductivity.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Takeshi Mizushima, Shigehiro Yasui, Daisuke Inotani, Muneto Nitta
Summary: The thermodynamic stability of P-3(2) superfluids in a neutron-star interior under a strong magnetic field is investigated, revealing the presence of spin-polarized phases, magnetized biaxial nematic phase, and ferromagnetic phase at high temperatures and magnetic fields. The previous studies using quasiclassical approximation missed these phases, emphasizing the importance of considering the finite-size correction of the neutron Fermi surface. The ferromagnetic phase, in particular, extends the thermodynamic stability of P-3(2) superfluids under strong magnetic fields.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Masahiro O. Takahashi, Masahiko G. Yamada, Daichi Takikawa, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: Researchers propose a scenario for realizing the toric code phase in candidate materials of Kitaev magnets, which could potentially be used for fault-tolerant quantum computation. The study demonstrates that four-body interactions among Majorana fermions in the Kitaev spin liquid state can induce a nematic phase transition of Majorana bonds, leading to a gapful spin liquid state with zero Chern number, known as the toric code phase. This potentially explains the topological nematic transition observed in alpha-RuCl3 recently.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Optics
Daisuke Inotani, Shigehiro Yasui, Takeshi Mizushima, Muneto Nitta
Summary: A possibility of a FFLO-like state in a population-imbalanced Fermi gas with a vortex is proposed in this study. By using mathematical models, it is found that the superfluid order parameter oscillates around the vortex core in the radial direction as the population imbalance increases, covering a wide region on the phase diagram at T = 0. This inhomogeneous superfluidity can be detected through peak structures of the local polarization rate associated with the node structure of the superfluid order parameter.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takumi Sanno, Shunsuke Miyazaki, Takeshi Mizushima, Satoshi Fujimoto
Summary: The study shows that after the interchange of vortices, the lowest vortex-bound states accumulate a geometric phase, while errors caused by dynamical phases are negligibly small, regardless of interactions of MZMs.
