Facile fabrication of defogging microlens arrays using electric field-driven jet printing

Challenges remain regarding the defogging of the microlens array when it is applied to endoscopy, displays, camera lenses. A facile and convenient method of fabricating defogging microlens arrays directly on a substrate using electric field-driven jet printing is presented. By directly printing the microlenses and conducting silver wires onto the same substrate, we realized a microlens array (MLA) for defogging after electrification. The as-prepared defogging MLA exhibits homogeneous and stable heating performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of defogging MLA is successfully demonstrated through an imaging and defogging test (MLA area: 18 *9 mm, defogging time: 25 s, voltage: 3 V). This letter will provide a new and simple solution for the fabrication of micro-optical devices applied to foggy environments.