期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 493, 期 4, 页码 5233-5256出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa372
关键词
convection; hydrodynamics; Sun: interior; planets and satellites: interiors; stars: interiors; stars: rotation
资金
- European Research Council under ERC [337705]
- STFC [ST/R000891/1, ST/R00059X/1, ST/S000275/1, ST/K00087X/1]
- Leverhulme Trust through the award of an Early Career Fellowship
- NASA [NNX14AD21G]
- NSF [AST-1352369]
- Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS
- University of Exeter
- BIS National e-Infrastructure capital grants [ST/K000373/1, ST/R002363/1]
- STFC DiRAC Operations grant [ST/K0003259/1, ST/R001014/1]
- BIS National e-Infrastructure capital grant [ST/K00042X/1]
- DiRAC Operations grant [ST/K003267/1]
- Durham University
- Mare Nostrum based in Spain at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center
- Fermi and Marconi based at Cineca in Italy
- STFC [ST/T001348/1, ST/K00333X/1, ST/J005673/1, ST/R002363/1, ST/R00689X/1, ST/T001372/1, ST/P000673/1, ST/P002447/1, ST/M006530/1, ST/R000891/1, ST/S002529/1, ST/M007065/1, ST/M007006/1, ST/V002376/1, ST/M006948/1, ST/M007073/1, ST/R001006/1, ST/S003762/1, ST/K000373/1, ST/T001569/1, ST/R001014/1, ST/P003400/1, ST/T00049X/1, ST/V002635/1, ST/M007618/1, ST/R001049/1, ST/R000832/1, ST/K00042X/1, ST/T001550/1, ST/L000636/1, ST/R00059X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [337705] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
We present numerical simulations, using two complementary set-ups, of rotating Boussinesq thermal convection in a three-dimensional Cartesian geometry with misaligned gravity and rotation vectors. This model represents a small region at a non-polar latitude in the convection zone of a star or planet. We investigate the effects of rotation on the bulk properties of convection at different latitudes, focusing on determining the relation between the heat flux and temperature gradient. We show that our results may be interpreted using rotating mixing length theory (RMLT). The simplest version of RMLT (due to Stevenson) considers the single mode that transports the most heat. This works reasonably well in explaining our results, but there is a systematic departure from these predictions (up to approximately 30 per cent in the temperature gradient) at mid-latitudes. We develop a more detailed treatment of RMLT that includes the transport afforded by multiple modes, and we show that this accounts for most of the systematic differences. We also show that convectively generated zonal flows and meridional circulations are produced in our simulations, and that their properties depend strongly on the dimensions of the box. These flows also affect the heat transport, contributing to departures from RMLT at some latitudes. However, we find the theoretical predictions of the multi-mode theory for the mid-layer temperature gradient, the root-mean-square (rms) vertical velocity, the rms temperature fluctuation, and the spatial spectrum of the heat transport at different latitudes are all in reasonably good agreement with our numerical results when zonal flows are small.
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