Article
Environmental Sciences
Pawel Szpot, Olga Wachelko, Marcin Zawadzki
Summary: The study aimed to establish a method for determining methotrexate in postmortem samples and quantifying its distribution in a fatal intoxication case. The method was found to be simple, accurate, and selective, allowing for routine determination of methotrexate concentrations in postmortem specimens.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Elisabeth Pendl, Udo Pauritsch, Manfred Kollroser, Martin G. Schmid
Summary: The study compared the concentration of cathinone and cathine in fresh Khat leaves and two seizures of dried material, finding a significant decrease in cathinone content after drying and storage. These findings are intended to help Justice authorities estimate the content of controlled ingredients in Khat leaves in the future.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biology
Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Zamri Chik, Zahurin Mohamed, Nelli Giribabu, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
Summary: The study found that cathinone had a weaker in vitro inhibition on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase compared to alpha-acarbose, and it significantly affected the blood sugar levels of diabetic rats, exacerbating their hyperglycemia.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Daniel J. McCabe, Joshua B. Radke, Bryan Z. Wilson
Summary: Bupropion overdose requires significant resource utilization and high levels of medical care, which may further increase with expanding indications for its use.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mona Heidari, Mohammad Solimannejad
Summary: This study proposes a covalent organic framework, B6N6, as a detection sensor for cathinone drugs based on density functional theory calculations. The most stable S1 complex with desired properties for sensing was identified, and the calculated recovery time suggests the potential practical application of B6N6 as a material for sensing cathinone drugs.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mihwa Choi, Marc Schneeberger, Wei Fan, Abhijit Bugde, Laurent Gautron, Kevin Vale, Robert E. Hammer, Yuan Zhang, Jeffrey M. Friedman, David J. Mangelsdorf, Steven A. Kliewer
Summary: Animals that consume fermenting fruit and nectar are at risk of exposure to ethanol and the detrimental effects of inebriation. This report demonstrates that the hormone FGF21 plays a role in stimulating arousal from intoxication without affecting ethanol metabolism. FGF21 activates noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus region, suggesting that it could be targeted pharmacologically for treating acute alcohol poisoning.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Zdanowicz, Monika Kowalczuk-Kryston, Witold Olanski, Irena Werpachowska, Wlodzimierz Mielech, Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn
Summary: This study explores the early effects of alcohol intoxication on liver fibrosis in adolescents. The results show that even a single episode of alcohol intoxication can lead to an imbalance in markers of fibrosis.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Emily A. Cohen, Courtney M. Moeller, Jonathan D. Dear
Summary: This is a case report on a 10-year-old spayed Labrador Retriever with acute hepatopathy and urinary retention. The patient developed liver insufficiency and was diagnosed with alpha-amanitin intoxication. Although the patient improved after treatment, it subsequently developed adrenal insufficiency.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vera Marisa Costa, Luciana Grazziotin Rossato Grando, Elisa Milandri, Jessica Nardi, Patricia Teixeira, Premysl Mladenka, Fernando Remiao
Summary: This article focuses on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects related to natural sympathomimetic agents, particularly trace amines, plant-derived compounds like ephedra and khat, and cocaine, aiming to provide a scientific and updated perspective on these agents and serve as a reminder of the safety issues concerning their use within the community.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Simon Kjaer Hermansen, Dorte Jensen Christoffersen
Summary: This study compares the concentrations of commonly used drugs in drug addict autopsies and driving under the influence of drugs cases, and finds that some drugs are often in concentrations higher than the reported comatose-fatal levels, leading to potential false assessment of intoxication cases.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huda S. AlSalem, Fatimah A. Alotaibi, M. Monier, May Abdullah Abomuti, Wafa Miled, Aliyah S. Alhawiti, Abeer Abdulaziz H. Bukhari, Raedah A. S. Alatawi, Nadia H. Elsayed, Ibrahim Youssef
Summary: This article presents the development of a chiral recognition material based on a cross-linked β-resorcylic acid-resorcinol-formaldehyde copolymer for the selective separation of S-Cathinone (CTN). A polymerizable S-CTN-β-resorcylic acid amide was synthesized and characterized, and then copolymerized with resorcinol-formaldehyde to form a molecularly imprinted polymer. The polymer exhibited selective adsorption towards S-CTN, with a maximum capacity of 205±2 mg/g at pH 7. Optical separation using a column showed enantiomeric excess values of 65% and 95% for S- and R-CTN in the supernatant and eluant solutions, respectively.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ghassan Shaikhain, Mohammed Gaballah, Ahmad Alhazmi, Ibrahim Khardali, Ahmad Hakami, Magbool Oraiby, Sultan Alharbi, Mohammad Tobaigi, Mohammed Ghalibi, Mohsen Fageeh, Mohammed Albeishy, Ibraheem Attafi
Summary: This study investigated the autopsy findings and toxicological results of fatalities involving khat in Saudi Arabia's Jazan region from 2018 to 2021. The study found that 57% of the postmortem samples tested positive for khat only, while 43% tested positive for khat with other drugs.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhen Zhou, Guang-Chao Zhuang, Shi-Hai Mao, Jiarui Liu, Xiao-Jun Li, Qiao Liu, Guo-Dong Song, Hong-Hai Zhang, Zhaohui Chen, Andrew Montgomery, Samantha Joye, Gui-Peng Yang
Summary: Methanol metabolism plays a crucial role in marine carbon cycling. Through simultaneous measurements of methanol concentration and consumption rates in the northwest Pacific Ocean, we have gained insights into the pathways and dynamics of methanol cycling. Methanol was found in relatively low concentrations, indicating rapid biological turnover. The rates of methanol oxidation to CO2 were significantly higher than the rates of assimilation into biomass, suggesting that methanol is primarily used as an energy source. Surface water served as a sink for methanol, with atmospheric deposition accounting for a small fraction of microbial methanol consumption.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisco J. Grijota, Victor Toro-Roman, Jesus Siquier-Coll, Maria C. Robles-Gil, Diego Munoz, Marcos Maynar-Marino
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of long-term physical training on iron concentrations. The study found that individuals engaged in physical training had higher iron concentrations in plasma and serum, but lower concentrations in erythrocytes and platelets.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hui Huang, Wei Feng, Yu Chen
Summary: Nanotechnology is increasingly seen as a promising and efficient solution for public health challenges, with 2D biomaterials attracting significant interest in biomedicine due to their unique properties and morphology. These biomaterials have diverse biomedical applications including biosensing, imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering, with their design, fabrication, and functionalization playing a critical role in optimizing their performance.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Piotr Adamowicz, Piotr Hydzik
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Toxicology
Piotr Adamowicz, Ewa Meissner, Marta Maslanka
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Krzysztof Labuz, Piotr Adamowicz, Maria Kala, Krzysztof Pyrc, Edward Reszke, Przemyslaw Mielczarek, Jerzy Silberring, Marek Smoluch
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Toxicology
Piotr Adamowicz, Zhanetta Bakhmut, Anna Mikolajczyk
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Jolanta B. Zawilska, Monika Kacela, Piotr Adamowicz
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Toxicology
Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: Synthetic cannabinoids are unpredictable in their effects on organisms, often leading to intoxications, even fatalities. Interpretation of results requires comparison to previous cases, making a compilation of concentration ranges useful.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: This study analyzed the concentrations of synthetic cathinones in biological materials and found a range of concentrations in both fatal and non-fatal cases involving 47 synthetic cathinones. The conclusions on cause of death should be based on concentrations and clinical knowledge, with postmortem blood concentrations >1 mu g/mL cautiously considered as lethal concentrations in cases of suspected synthetic cathinones-related deaths, although exact ranges cannot be established.
CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Jolanta B. Zawilska, Katarzyna Kuczynska, Wiktoria Kosmal, Katarzyna Markiewicz, Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: The use of novel synthetic opioids as recreational drugs has raised public health concern, with carfentanil being one of the most dangerous derivatives. Toxic exposure to carfentanil typically occurs through injection, insufflation or inhalation, necessitating the development of rapid detection and treatment regimens for its intoxication.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Karolina Nowak, Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: Recent global increase in new psychoactive substances (NPS) of the benzodiazepine class has raised concerns due to their higher risks compared to pharmaceutical benzodiazepines. Data analysis revealed the difficulty in interpreting concentrations of these substances, as concurrent use with other drugs and factors often contribute to toxic effects or deaths in real cases. Access to source articles quantifying new benzodiazepines is enabled through this report.
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Piotr Adamowicz, Karolina Nowak
Summary: The article discusses the significant growth of new psychoactive substances in the market over the last decade, particularly focusing on the rapid increase of new synthetic opioids. The study highlights the challenges of interpreting blood levels of these substances, emphasizing the high potency and risk of acute poisoning even at low doses. The report provides a useful compilation of concentration data for novel synthetic opioids, stressing the need for caution due to the complexities involved in defining toxic concentrations and assessing risks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Bogdan Tokarczyk, Agnieszka Jurczyk, Justyna Krupinska, Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: Synthetic cannabinoids 5F-MDMB-PICA and 4F-MDMB-BINACA are new psychoactive substances that can be detected in body fluids including blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The metabolites of these compounds can serve as useful biomarkers for their intake. Cerebrospinal fluid may be an important alternative material for analysis in autopsy cases.
FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Piotr Adamowicz, Barbara Ziora
Summary: Blood is essential for toxicological analysis, but in certain cases, such as hit-and-run incidents, collecting blood samples after a long time may lead to the disappearance or decrease of drug concentrations. This study aimed to develop a simple procedure to estimate drug concentrations in forensic bloodstains of unknown volume. The results indicate that the developed protocol can successfully estimate drug concentrations in bloodstains, although caution should be exercised when interpreting the results.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bogdan Tokarczyk, Marta Suchan, Piotr Adamowicz
Summary: The popularity of synthetic cannabinoids poses a risk to police sniffer dogs as they could accidentally come into contact with these substances. This paper presents the toxicological findings of a police dog that had been intoxicated with a new synthetic cannabinoid called ADB-BUTINACA. The study used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF) for screening and quantitative analyses, as well as metabolite identification.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Bartlomiej Feigel, Piotr Adamowicz, Slawomir Wybraniec
Summary: This article reviews the multi-component methods of detection and identification of NPS using low-resolution tandem mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. It collects and organizes existing information on NPS screening analysis methods, which will be helpful to forensic scientists working in this field.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Shigeki Tsuneya, Makoto Nakajima, Maiko Yoshida, Yumi Hoshioka, Fumiko Chiba, Go Inokuchi, Suguru Torimitsu, Hirotaro Iwase
Summary: This case report highlights the detection of diatoms in a non-drowned human who had aspirated mud. Careful analysis of diatoms in various samples can help differentiate true drowning from false-positives in non-drowning cases.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Jessika Camatti, Ivan Galliani, Antonello Cirnelli, Rossana Cecchi
Summary: This article presents a case study on the evaluation of criminal responsibility of a murderer. The multidisciplinary approach was used to investigate and analyze the case, and through psychological tests and interviews, experts concluded that the accused cannot be exempted from criminal responsibility for the homicide.
