Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Keqing Zheng, Ya Sun, Shuanglin Shen, Li Li, Shaorong Wang
Summary: This study introduces a novel cooler for thermal management of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack by controlling the endothermic ammonia cracking reaction to reduce temperature difference. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cooler compared to traditional methods.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jimin Kong, Hansung Kim, Hyun S. Park
Summary: Developing efficient electrochemical processes for ammonia production is crucial for achieving a carbon-neutral chemical industry. This study demonstrates the in-situ detection of electrochemically generated NH3 using scanning electrochemical microscopy, providing valuable information on catalysis. The proposed in-situ NH3 detection method has advantages and limitations, as demonstrated in the evaluation of nitrogen-reduction electrolysis.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomasz A. Prokop, Grzegorz Brus
Summary: This study aims to explain the increase in voltage observed during a 3800-hour operation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. A three-dimensional phase field model is used to simulate the evolution of the microstructure, and a mass and charge transport model is used to predict the voltage change. The results suggest that the enhanced performance is due to the clearing of diffusion pathways and significant changes in the ceramic phase within the electrode.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sida Li, Xuezhe Wei, Shangfeng Jiang, Hao Yuan, Pingwen Ming, Xueyuan Wang, Haifeng Dai
Summary: In this paper, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to characterize hydrogen crossover in fuel cells for the first time. An equivalent circuit model is established based on analyzing different electrochemical processes occurring on fuel cell electrodes. By comparing impedance characteristics under different experimental conditions, a single parameter is identified as the diagnostic indicator for hydrogen crossover.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiatao Zhou, Wenjing Chen, Jue Wang, Xiaowu Hu, Manning Li, Jialing Li, Xiongxin Jiang
Summary: In this study, a new Co-Ni-W alloy layer containing 5.0 at.% W was electroplated on the surface of SUS 430 stainless steel and oxidized at 800 degrees C in air for 1000 h. The study confirmed that the oxide layer structure eventually evolved into six oxide layers, with four Cr-free oxide layers effectively preventing the outward diffusion of Cr. Additionally, the Co-Ni-W coating significantly reduced the area specific resistance of the sample.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tiancai Ma, Weikang Lin, Zhaoli Zhang, Jiajun Kang, Yanbo Yang
Summary: This study investigates the EIS behavior of a fuel cell stack under different reactant RH and current density conditions, finding that internal reactions can be distinguished by impedance spectroscopy. Low frequency impedance shows a greater variation and higher sensitivity to reactant RH, while increasing current density can lead to internal self humidification and improved fuel cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carla S. Santos, Alexander Botz, Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka, Edgar Ventosa, Wolfgang Schuhmann
Summary: The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) provides a protective layer in lithium-ion batteries, preventing degradation of the electrolyte at the anode. This study used scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively assess the local electronic and ionic properties of SEI in Li-ion batteries, and found that the formation conditions and electrolyte type have a significant impact on its conductivity.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Eric Jianfeng Cheng, Kiyoshi Kanamura, Yosuke Kushida, Takeshi Abe
Summary: Garnet-type LLZO is a stable solid-state fast-ion conductor, but the large interfacial resistance between LLZO and cathode materials limits its practical application. By using pre-coated LCO particles and LBO method, the interfacial resistance was successfully reduced on the LLZO substrate, achieving relatively high capacity retention.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Eric Jianfeng Cheng, Kiyoshi Kanamura, Yosuke Kushida, Takeshi Abe
Summary: Solid-state Li-metal batteries have the potential for high safety and high energy densities, but their practical application is limited by the large interfacial resistance. In this study, a low interfacial resistance was achieved by depositing an LCO film onto an Al-doped LLZO substrate and pre-coating LCO particles with LBO. The all-solid-state Li/LLZO/LBO-LCO cells demonstrated high capacity retention and the degradation mechanism was investigated using EIS and in-situ SEM analysis.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xuexia Zhang, Yu Jiang, Lei Huang, Weirong Chen, Dan Brett
Summary: The study investigated the inconsistency between fault cells and normal cells in large-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks, exploring the effects of operating conditions on this inconsistency. Comprehensive indexes such as voltage performance, polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance spectrum were used to evaluate the experiments. The results showed that fault cells are sensitive to operating conditions with poor performance compared to normal cells, and the distribution of relaxation times can quantify the inconsistency of impedances.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. C. Qian, W. W. Chang, T. Y. Cui, Z. Li, D. W. Guo, C. T. Kwok, L. M. Tam, D. W. Zhang
Summary: The study indicated that the decrease in organic nutrients concentration forced M. cuprina biofilms to use more Fe2+ during MIC corrosion, leading to aggravated pitting corrosion of stainless steel.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yu Luo, Shuting Liao, Shuai Chen, Huihuang Fang, Fulan Zhong, Li Lin, Chen Zhou, Chongqi Chen, Guohui Cai, Chak-Tong Au, Lilong Jiang
Summary: This research demonstrates that high H atom utilization can be achieved by matching the rates of NH3 decomposition and H-2 electrochemical oxidation; as temperature decreases, the rate of H-2 oxidation decreases more rapidly, suggesting lowering NH3 flow velocity to optimize H atom utilization; under specific operating conditions, tubular DA-SOFC fueled with NH3 shows potential for high-efficiency power generation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kuo-Min Hsu, Chao-Sung Lin
Summary: The study of FeCrNiCoMn high entropy alloy in different conditions reveals the critical compositional segregation and corresponding improvement methods for corrosion resistance.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Funan Sun, Pengju Han, Bin He
Summary: The initial corrosion evolution process of X80 steel exposed to silty soil mixed with NaCl at increasing salinities and temperatures was investigated. Based on the electrochemical testing and microscopic observations, the analysis results indicate that the dissolution rate is limited by cathodic processes in moist soil. The migration and accumulation of Cl- ions on the oxide film surface are driven by soil water potential after soil freezing, resulting in the decomposition of the film. The release of Fe2+ accelerates the passivation rate and the growth of salt and ice water crystals on the steel-soil interface expands the void between the soil particles, thereby further increasing the diameter of the corrosion pit.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Changkun Hao, Bingguo Zhao, Abdellah Essaghouri, Yuping Qian, Weilin Zhuge, Yangjun Zhang, Zezhi Zeng
Summary: In this study, a reduced-order electrochemical model is developed to predict the temperature distributions in a kilowatt-class tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack. The model can express the current density as a function of operating potential, concentration, and temperature, reducing the computational cost. The study also finds that flow characteristics affect the temperature uniformity among cells in the stack.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Zachl, M. Buchmayr, J. Gruber, A. Anca-Couce, R. Scharler, C. Hochenauer
Summary: The study found that small-scale biomass gasifiers produce consistently high-quality product gas during load changes, but can only tolerate sudden changes within a range of +/- 20% of the nominal load. Flexibility of the gasifier is affected by changes in fuel water content, requiring methods like exhaust gas recirculation and water injection for switching between wet and dry fuels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Philipp Wachter, Philipp Hoedl, Juraj Raic, Christian Gaber, Martin Demuth, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: A novel adaptation of the TCR approach was presented in this study, offering higher efficiency and less pollution compared to current chemical reactions. Optimum application parameters were determined through experimental investigations, resulting in high CH4 conversion rates and coke-free operation being observed.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Markus Mayrhofer, Michael Koller, Peter Seemann, Hadi Bordbar, Rene Prieler, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: This study focuses on the development of an efficient modelling approach for flameless combustion of pure hydrogen with highly preheated air. Different flamelet-based combustion models are applied to achieve convergence in a computationally cheap way. The study also evaluates three detailed reaction mechanisms for flameless hydrogen combustion. The implementation of a Weighted Sum of Gray Gas (WSGG) model for accurate prediction of radiative heat transfer is another important goal. The results are compared with temperature measurements, confirming the effectiveness of the modelling approach. The study also shows that switching from natural gas to hydrogen can increase furnace efficiency by about 7%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
M. Zic, L. Vlasic, V Subotic, S. Pereverzyev, I Fajfar, M. Kunaver
Summary: This study presents the application of an analytical approximation method and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) to extract applicable DRT, and the tests conducted show that LMA is capable of successfully extracting DRT from impedance data.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Manuel Laengauer, Gernot Zitzenbacher, Sarah Heupl, Bernhard Plank, Christoph Burgstaller, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: Modeling the thermoforming process of thermoplastic composites is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the material. This study presents a novel analytical model to calculate the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the composites, considering the thermal deconsolidation and fiber orientation. The model was validated through experimental tests and can be a useful tool in process modeling.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rene Prieler, Raphael Langbauer, Hannes Gerhardter, Peter Kitzmueller, Stefan Thumser, Guenther Schwabegger, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: The heat transfer in gypsum exposed to fire is influenced by heat conduction, mass transfer, and condensation/evaporation of water vapor. Previous models were limited to thin gypsum boards, but this study proposes a multi-phase approach to predict heat transfer in gypsum. Results show that considering water vapor transport and condensation can produce accurate predictions of the heating process of gypsum.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gernot Pongratz, Vanja Subotic, Christoph Hochenauer, Robert Scharler, Andres Anca-Couce
Summary: This study presents a detailed simulation and assessment of the performance and carbon deposition risk of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) models used in biomass-to-power plant systems. The results provide recommendations for potential gasifier-SOFC configurations and stable cell operating points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gernot Pongratz, Vanja Subotic, Lukas von Berg, Hartmuth Schroettner, Christoph Hochenauer, Stefan Martini, Maximilian Hauck, Benjamin Steinruecken, Marek Skrzypkiewicz, Jakub Kupecki, Robert Scharler, Andres Anca-Couce
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells show promise as an alternative to gas engines for combined heat and power production based on biomass gasification. The complexity of coupling gasifiers with fuel cells has limited the number of experiments conducted in the past. However, the results from these experiments are crucial for evaluating tar thresholds and operating conditions for stable fuel cell operation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benjamin Koenigshofer, Michael Hoeber, Gjorgji Nusev, Pavle Boskoski, Christoph Hochenauer, Vanja Subotic
Summary: Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are efficient energy technology, and accelerating the evaluation of their performance and durability is crucial for their development.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Hoeber, Philipp Wachter, Benjamin Koenigshofer, Felix Muetter, Hartmuth Schroettner, Christoph Hochenauer, Vanja Subotic
Summary: More than 75% of today's H-2 production is based on reforming processes using heterogeneous catalysts. However, there is no established direct online monitoring method for commercial Ni-based catalysts. This study demonstrates the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for online monitoring of Ni catalysts and examines the impact of different contacting methods on measurement results.
Article
Electrochemistry
M. Kunaver, Z. Rojec, V. Subotic, S. Pereverzyev, M. Zic
Summary: This paper proposes a new strategy for extracting the distribution function of relaxation times (DRT) using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA). By numerically approximating the Jacobian matrix and smoothing the DRT data using a finite difference matrix, the extracted DRT profiles correspond well to their analytical counterparts. The findings demonstrate that modifying LMA allows for the data-driven solution of the Fredholm integral equation and obtaining applicable DRT data for general EIS study.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Vanja Subotic, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: This paper reviews the existing knowledge about solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis systems, discussing their operation and degradation-related issues. The analysis includes different fuels and conditions, providing guidance on predicting, identifying, and preventing degradation. Additionally, the paper summarizes the application of diagnostic tools and suggests methods to accelerate degradation and regenerate performance.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Markus Mayrhofer, Michael Koller, Peter Seemann, Rene Prieler, Christoph Hochenauer
Summary: This study presents a 3D CFD modelling approach for a vertical high temperature furnace used in a bright annealing line for stainless steel. The results show good agreement with measurements from industrial line, demonstrating the applicability of the CFD model. Further simulations were performed to evaluate the combustion and furnace efficiency, as well as the thermal load on the furnace's components.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)