Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jangho Park, Sanghyuk Park, Mincheol Beak, Seongdeock Jeong, Kyungjung Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the effects of electrolyte components on the performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode material. The presence of PF6- anions in cathode material benefits the cyclability and rate performance of lithium-ion batteries. On the other hand, organic solvents negatively affect the morphology and initial discharge capacity.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Thomas Entwistle, Enrique Sanchez-Perez, Glen J. Murray, Nirmalesh Anthonisamy, Serena A. Cussen
Summary: The preparation of Ni-rich cathode materials is challenging due to the Ni2+ ion sensitivity to oxidation during synthesis. Control of synthesis conditions, such as temperature and pH, is necessary to achieve the desired layered structure in the Ni-rich materials.
Article
Electrochemistry
Olivera Luzanin, Joze Moskon, Tjasa Pavcnik, Robert Dominko, Jan Bitenc
Summary: This study presents a cyclable symmetric cell approach to investigate the potential of organic cathodes in multivalent batteries. It demonstrates that this approach removes the limitations of multivalent metal anodes and enables reliable electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on organic cathodes.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Florian Gebert, Matilde Longhini, Fosca Conti, Andrew J. Naylor
Summary: The rapid adoption of lithium-ion batteries, especially in transportation, has raised concerns about their safety, particularly regarding the flammable liquid electrolyte. This study identified and tested eight promising non-flammable liquid electrolytes, finding that the phosphorus-free fluorinated solvents outperformed the phosphate and phosphonate-based solvents in terms of performance and capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaswinder Sharma, Georgios Polizos, Marm Dixit, Charl J. Jafta, David A. Cullen, Yaocai Bai, Xiang Lyu, Jianlin Li, Ilias Belharouak
Summary: Lithium-ion battery cathode materials often suffer from degradation issues, which can harm their overall performance. Oxide coatings have been proven to be effective in improving electrochemical performance, however, current coating methods are not efficient and can be costly. In this article, a low-cost and scalable strategy for applying oxide coatings on cathode materials is discussed, showing enhancement in the performance of aqueously processed cathodes in cells. This strategy shows potential in improving the performance of aqueously processed Li-ion cells.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andreas Strasser, Alexander Adam, Jiahao Li
Summary: Reducing the charging time is important for increasing the acceptance of electric vehicles. This paper introduces a new method that allows the detection of the onset of lithium plating in automotive lithium-ion batteries using online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The detection is based on observing the real part of the impedance across the state of charge during the charging procedure.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rung-Chuan Lee, Joseph Franklin, Chixia Tian, Dennis Nordlund, Marca Doeff, Robert Kostecki
Summary: The study demonstrates that a simple surface treatment can suppress film formation on NMC electrodes and reduce impedance rise; detailed modeling shows that surface treatment helps reduce cell impedance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Penghui Zhu, Jiahao Han, Wilhelm Pfleging
Summary: In this study, aqueous processing of thick-film NMC 622 cathodes using carboxymethyl cellulose and fluorine acrylic hybrid latex as binders, with the addition of acetic acid to adjust slurry pH values, was investigated to improve traditional cathode manufacturing process.
Review
Energy & Fuels
B. Jeevanantham, M. K. Shobana
Summary: Fossil fuel consumption has severe ecological effects on the world economy, making it important to develop environmentally friendly energy devices. Lithium-ion batteries offer high capacity and stability, but face challenges such as residual lithium deposition, ion mixing, and oxygen release. Doping and coating techniques can improve the efficiency and stability of the cathode, but there is no single solution to address all the drawbacks, necessitating the combination of multiple strategies.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emiliano N. Primo, Mehdi Chouchane, Matthieu Touzin, Patricia Vazquez, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The study systematically investigated the impact of calendering conditions on electrode porosity and electrochemical performance, finding that higher levels of carbon black and PVdF in the electrodes, along with increased solvent amounts in slurries, lead to improved electronic conductivity and electrochemical performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Renato Goncalves, Poonam Sharma, Pura Ram, Stanislav Ferdov, M. Manuela Silva, Carlos M. Costa, Rahul Singhal, Rakesh K. Sharma, Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
Summary: LiMn2O4 and LiMn1.5M0.5O4 (M: Ni, Cu, Co) doped particles were synthesized by sol-gel, resulting in improved cycling behavior and thermal stability. Doping elements reduced pore size and enhanced thermal stability of LiMn2O4. Different active materials for cathodes showed varied electrochemical performances, with Ni, Cu, and Co doped LiMn2O4 demonstrating improved performance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Huang, Kai Wu, Ronghui Hao, Wenkang Miao, Yueling Cai, Peng Wang, Jipeng Cheng, Zihan Wang, Qianqian Li, Bingkun Guo, Anmin Nie
Summary: Li2MnO3, as a traditional member of lithium-rich layered cathodes, shows large specific capacity, but suffers from capacity fading and voltage decay. Iridium doping improves electrochemical performance, with dopant concentration and calcination temperature affecting the performance due to intrinsic microstructure and crystallization. The mechanism of improvement lies in the structure stability induced by iridium doping in TM sites, enhancing high-capacity cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Jayachandran, Helen Annal Therese, T. Vijayakumar
Summary: The Lithium and Manganese-rich layered oxides with the formula Li1.2Ni0.1Mn0.6Co0.1O2 (LMR-NMC) are considered highly promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy densities, low cost, high thermal stability, and environmental safety. This study synthesized LMR-NMC oxides with different morphologies and analyzed their crystal structures and electrochemical properties. The nanoplatelet-like morphology (LMR-NMC-A) exhibited better performance than the cubic-like morphology (LMR-NMC-B). These findings confirm the suitability of nanoplatelet-like LMR-NMC-A as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xudong Liu, Xinling Wang, Zhibin Ye
Summary: In this study, the effects of substituting functional groups and molecular conjugate structures on the electrochemical properties of nitroaromatic derivatives as organic cathodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries were investigated. It was found that the redox potential of nitroaromatic cathodes can be adjusted by introducing different electronically inducible functional groups, and the cyclic life can be prolonged by introducing hydrophilic groups. Additionally, the electronic conductivity and electrochemical kinetics of nitroaromatics can be increased significantly with the introduction of extended p-conjugated structures.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Markos Koseoglou, Evangelos Tsioumas, Dimitra Ferentinou, Nikolaos Jabbour, Dimitrios Papagiannis, Christos Mademlis
Summary: The proposed method for lithium plating detection in lithium-ion batteries utilizes the DEIS technique and can effectively detect lithium plating in real-time during the charging process. By analyzing the impedance of the battery in the frequency domain, the method is capable of detecting lithium plating by monitoring the real and imaginary parts of the battery impedance. The experimental results show that the DEIS technique is effective for detecting lithium plating at different temperatures and charging conditions, for rates as high as 6C, and for different battery types.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiahui Xu, Alain C. Ngandjong, Chaoyue Liu, Franco M. Zanotto, Oier Arcelus, Arnaud Demortiere, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing and the development of digital twins to optimize LIB manufacturing processes is essential. A new three-dimensional physics-based modeling workflow is able to predict the influence of manufacturing parameters on electrode microstructure, providing more accurate simulation results through the use of Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chaoyue Liu, Teo Lombardo, Jiahui Xu, Alain C. Ngandjong, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The microstructures and electrochemical performance of Lithium Ion Battery electrodes are determined by the manufacturing process parameters. This study presents a 3D-resolved electrochemical model of a NMC111-based electrode, which experimentally verifies the influence of slurry formulation and calendering degree on electrode performance. The findings suggest that the distribution of carbon and binder within the electrode volume, as well as the electrostatic potential difference between the electrode and current collector, play vital roles in determining the electrode performance.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marc Duquesnoy, Chaoyue Liu, Diana Zapata Dominguez, Vishank Kumar, Elixabete Ayerbe, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The optimization of the electrodes manufacturing process is crucial for high-quality LIB cells, especially for automotive applications. A proposed deterministic ML-assisted pipeline is used for multi-objective optimization of electrode properties and inverse design of its manufacturing process. The pipeline generates a synthetic dataset from physics-based simulations and trains deterministic ML models to implement fast optimization. The successful fabrication of the electrode validates the physical relevance of the modeling pipeline.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hassna El-Bousiydy, Javier F. Troncoso, Patrik Johansson, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The research literature on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown rapidly. To improve utilization of this valuable information, special tools, such as named entity recognition (NER), are needed. We have created a high-quality annotated corpus for LIBs, which was used to train and evaluate models, achieving high accuracy. This is a crucial step towards developing a large-scale information extraction system for LIB research literature.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fanny Lambert, Yann Danten, Carlo Gatti, Bryan Bocquet, Alejandro A. Franco, Christine Frayret
Summary: Extracting the best electrode candidates from a wide range of organic compounds to achieve breakthroughs in energy materials requires understanding the underlying microscopic causes of various macroscopic properties. In this study, molecular DFT calculations and QTAIM-derived indicators were used to explore a series of pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2,6-dione compounds fused with different types of rings. The research revealed important insights into the introduction of oxygen near the carbonyl redox center and the driving force behind achieving modulated low redox potentials and bandgaps through the fusion of aromatic rings in the A compound series.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amina El Malki, Mark Asch, Oier Arcelus, Abbos Shodiev, Jia Yu, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: Electrode wetting is a critical step in the Lithium-Ion Battery manufacturing process, which requires the injection of electrolyte into the electrodes' porosity. The wetting quality depends on various factors such as the contact angle, electrode microstructure, and electrolyte properties. Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning techniques can be used to optimize this multi-parameter process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yinghan Zhao, Svenja-K. Otto, Teo Lombardo, Anja Henss, Arnd Koeppe, Michael Selzer, Ju''rgen Janek, Britta Nestler
Summary: In this study, machine learning techniques, especially logistic regression, were used to identify characteristic secondary ions of 5 different pure lithium compounds and applied to mixture and lithium metal anode samples, enabling identification of their compositions. The machine-learning-based analysis approach showed good performance and simplified the analysis of lithium compound samples.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jia Yu, Marc Duquesnoy, Chaoyue Liu, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: In this study, we propose a computational methodology to optimize the microstructure of the carbon felt electrode in redox flow batteries. The optimization objective is to maximize the electrolyte utilization rate. By combining stochastic generation of electrode microstructures, digital compression, the Lattice Boltzmann Method, and Bayesian optimization, an optimized set of parameters for electrode design is predicted. The results show that a high compression ratio with thick aligned fibers favors better electrode performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammed Alabdali, Franco M. Zanotto, Marc Duquesnoy, Anna-Katharina Hatz, Duancheng Ma, Jeremie Auvergniot, Virginie Viallet, Vincent Seznec, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The poor design of composite electrodes is a major reason for the low performance of Solid-State Batteries (SSBs). Computational studies on SSB manufacturing have been largely ignored, despite the potential of modeling techniques for optimizing microstructures. This study presents a physics-based modeling workflow to investigate the impact of wet manufacturing parameters on the properties of SSB composite electrodes, with a focus on the calendering degree's effect on microstructure.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diana Zapata Dominguez, Brinti Mondal, Miran Gaberscek, Mathieu Morcrette, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: This study aims to understand the relationship between different steps of the Lithium-Ion Battery (LiB) electrode-making process by correlating the input/output parameters. Fostering the interrelation of properties in silicon/graphite blend negative electrodes benefits the comprehension, quantification, and prediction of LiB output properties. The impact of manufacturing parameters during mixing, coating, and calendering on the properties of silicon/graphite blend negative electrodes is reported.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Teo Lombardo, Felix Walther, Christine Kern, Yannik Moryson, Timo Weintraut, Anja Henss, Marcus Rohnke
Summary: This article aims to encourage battery researchers to use ToF-SIMS as a powerful analytical technique and to promote collaboration between ToF-SIMS experts and battery researchers. The article introduces the analysis technique and discusses its suitability and method-specific characteristics for battery research. It also provides guidance on common pitfalls and suggestions for improving data quality in ToF-SIMS analysis of batteries.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnese Marcato, Javier E. Santos, Chaoyue Liu, Gianluca Boccardo, Daniele Marchisio, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: The article introduces the development trend of investigating physical phenomena in the 3D porous microstructure of electrodes in the field of lithium-ion batteries. It proposes a multiscale network model based on machine learning to predict the discharge behavior of lithium-ion batteries.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zeliang Su, Israel Temprano, Nicolas Folastre, Victor Vanpeene, Julie Villanova, Gregory Gachot, Elena V. Shevchenko, Clare P. Grey, Alejandro A. Franco, Arnaud Demortiere
Summary: A simple method to fabricate binder-free electrodes for Li-O-2 batteries is established. These electrodes, with cross-linked networks formed by multi-wall carbon nanotubes, exhibit high porosity, conductivity, and flexibility, and demonstrate stable performance upon cycling. Efficient and inexpensive methods to wash away accumulated discharge products are demonstrated, enabling the second life usage of the electrodes.
Article
Electrochemistry
Matheus Leal de Souza, Marc Duquesnoy, Mathieu Morcrette, Alejandro A. Franco
Summary: Novel electrode materials, coatings, and electrolytes have been studied to meet the performance requirements of lithium-ion batteries. In operando techniques such as differential voltage analysis and incremental capacity analysis can greatly help in monitoring battery degradation mechanisms.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianyu Chen, Zhibin Lu, Guangjin Zeng, Yongmin Xie, Jie Xiao, Zhifeng Xu
Summary: The study introduces a high-performance LSGM electrolyte-supported tubular DC-SOFC stack for portable applications, which shows great potential in developing into high-performing, efficient, and environmentally friendly portable power sources for distributed applications.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenbin Tong, Yili Chen, Shijie Gong, Shaokun Zhu, Jie Tian, Jiaqian Qin, Wenyong Chen, Shuanghong Chen
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional porous NiO interface layer with enhanced anode dynamics is fabricated, forming a Schottky contact with the zinc substrate, allowing rapid and uniform zinc plating both inside and below the interface layer. The resulting NiO@Zn exhibits exceptional stability and high capacity retention.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yafeng Bai, Kaidi Li, Liying Wang, Yang Gao, Xuesong Li, Xijia Yang, Wei Lu
Summary: In this study, a flexible zinc ion supercapacitor with gel electrolytes, porous alpha-MnO2@reduced graphene oxide cathode, and activated carbon/carbon cloth anode was developed. The device exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and stability, even at low temperatures, with a high cycle retention rate after 5000 cycles.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Jnawali, Matt D. R. Kok, Francesco Iacoviello, Daniel J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: This article presents the results of a systematic study on the electrochemical performance and mechanical changes in two types of commercial batteries with different anode chemistry. The study reveals that the swelling of anode layers in batteries with silicon-based components causes deformations in the jelly roll structure, but the presence of a small percentage of silicon does not significantly impact the cycling performance of the cells within the relevant state-of-health range for electric vehicles (EVs). The research suggests that there is room for improving the cell capacities by increasing the silicon loading in composite anodes to meet the increasing demands on EVs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yohandys A. Zulueta, My Phuong Pham-Ho, Minh Tho Nguyen
Summary: Advanced atomistic simulations were used to study ion transport in the Na- and K-doped lithium disilicate Li2Si2O5. The results showed that Na and K doping significantly enhanced Li ion diffusion and conduction in the material.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongying Han, Hui Dong, Yanru Yang, Hao Yu, Zhibin Yang
Summary: An efficient phase inversion-impregnation approach is developed to fabricate BaO-decorated Ni8 mol% YSZ anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with anti-coking properties. BaO nanoislands are successfully introduced inside the Ni-YSZ anode, leading to higher peak power densities and improved stability in methane fuel. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the loading of BaO nanoislands facilitates carbon elimination by capturing and dissociating H2O molecules to generate OH.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Suresh Mamidi, Dan Na, Baeksang Yoon, Henu Sharma, Anil D. Pathak, Kisor Kumar Sahu, Dae Young Lee, Cheul-Ro Lee, Inseok Seo
Summary: Li-CO2 batteries, which utilize CO2 and have a high energy density, are hindered in practical applications due to slow kinetics and safety hazards. This study introduces a stable and highly conductive ceramic-based solid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework catalyst to improve the safety and performance of Li-CO2 batteries. The optimized Li-CO2 cell shows outstanding specific capacity and cycle life, and the post-cycling analysis reveals the degradation mechanism of the electrodes. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are also performed to understand the interactions between the catalyst and the host electrode. This research demonstrates the potential of MOF cathode catalyst for stable operation in Li-CO2 batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ganghua Xiang, Zhihuan Qiu, Huilong Fei, Zhigang Liu, Shuangfeng Yin, Yuen Wu
Summary: In this study, a CeFeOx-supported Pt single atoms and subnanometric clusters catalyst was developed, which exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2-rich stream through synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dimitrios Chatzogiannakis, Marcus Fehse, Maria Angeles Cabanero, Natalia Romano, Ashley Black, Damien Saurel, M. Rosa Palacin, Montse Casas-Cabanas
Summary: By coupling electrochemical testing to operando synchrotron based X-ray absorption and powder diffraction experiments, blended positive electrodes consisting of LiMn2O4 spinel (LMO) and layered LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) were studied to understand their redox mechanism. It was found that blending NMC with LMO can enhance energy density at high rates, with the blend containing 25% LMO showing the best performance. Testing with a special electrochemical setup revealed that the effective current load on each blend component can vary significantly from the nominal rate and also changes with SoC. Operando studies allowed monitoring of the oxidation state evolution and changes in crystal structure, in line with the expected behavior of individual components considering their electrochemical current loads.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chiara Cementon, Daniel Dewar, Thrinathreddy Ramireddy, Michael Brennan, Alexey M. Glushenkov
Summary: This Perspective discusses the specific power and power density of lithium-ion capacitors, highlighting the fact that their power characteristics are often underestimated. Through analysis, it is found that lithium-ion capacitors can usually achieve power densities superior to electrochemical supercapacitors, making them excellent alternatives to supercapacitors.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weihao Wang, Hao Yu, Li Ma, Youquan Zhang, Yuejiao Chen, Libao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Liangjun Zhou, Weifeng Wei
Summary: This study achieved an improved electrolyte with excellent low-temperature and high-voltage performance by regulating the Li+ solvation structure and highly concentrating it. The electrolyte exhibited outstanding oxidation potential and high ionic conductivity under low temperature and high voltage conditions, providing a promising approach for the practical application of high-voltage LIBs.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Bures, Dan Gotz, Jiri Charvat, Milos Svoboda, Jaromir Pocedic, Juraj Kosek, Alexandr Zubov, Petr Mazur
Summary: Vanadium redox flow battery is a promising energy storage solution with long-term durability, non-flammability, and high overall efficiency. Researchers have developed a mathematical model to simulate the charge-discharge cycling of the battery, and found that hydraulic connection of electrolyte tanks is the most effective strategy to reduce capacity losses, achieving a 69% reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Rodriguez-Gomez, J. Campo, A. Orera, F. de La Fuente, J. Valenciano, H. Fricke, D. S. Hussey, Y. Chen, D. Yu, K. An, A. Larrea
Summary: In this study, we analysed the operando performance of industrial lead cells using neutron diffraction experiments. The experiments revealed the evolution of different phases in the positive electrode, showed significant inhomogeneity of phase distribution inside the electrode, and estimated the energy efficiency of the cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Liu, Chenpeng Wang, Yue Yao, Hao Ye, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Liu, Xiaoru Xu, Zhicong Chen, Huazheng Yang, Gang Wu, Libin Lei, Chao Wang, Bo Liang
Summary: The study focuses on utilizing double conductive Ni-pads as anode collectors in micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells. The simulation results show excellent performance and stability of DCNPs, and also highlight the potential applications in various fields.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Wang, Kangjie Zhou, Lang Cui, Jiabing Mei, Shengnan Li, Le Li, Wei Fan, Longsheng Zhang, Tianxi Liu
Summary: This study presents a polyimide sandwiched separator (s-PIF) for improving the cycling stability of Li-metal batteries. The s-PIF separator exhibits superior mechanical property, electrolyte adsorption/retention and ion conductivity, and enables dendrite-free Li plating/stripping process.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2024)
