Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuta Suzuki, Yuma Kitagawa, Shin-ichiro Tezuka, Hiroshi Akera
Summary: In this paper, we propose a method to generate a spin current using the locally generated antiparallel current-induced spin polarization (CISP) in a system with inversion symmetry. By selectively contacting a sublattice with an electrode, the local CISP can be extracted. The results show that when the Fermi energy is high enough, the magnitude of the spin current, which is proportional to the antiparallel CISP, increases with the interwell tunnel coupling and can reach twice the value of a decoupled quantum well with broken inversion symmetry.
Article
Neurosciences
Shijia Liu, Mao Ye, Gerald M. Pao, Samuel M. Song, Jinho Jhang, Haibei Jiang, Jong-Hyun Kim, Sukjae J. Kang, Dong-Il Kim, Sung Han
Summary: It is found that Oprm1-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus play a crucial role in coordinating breathing with affective pain in mice. These neurons synchronize with the breathing rhythm and respond to noxious stimuli. Through different projections, these neurons regulate breathing, affective pain, and negative emotions.
Review
Neurosciences
Julian F. R. Paton, Benedito H. Machado, Davi J. A. Moraes, Daniel B. Zoccal, Ana P. Abdala, Jeffrey C. Smith, Vagner R. Antunes, David Murphy, Mathias Dutschmann, Rishi R. Dhingra, Robin McAllen, Anthony E. Pickering, Richard J. A. Wilson, Trevor A. Day, Nicole O. Barioni, Andrew M. Allen, Clement Menuet, Joseph Donnelly, Igor Felippe, Walter M. St-John
Summary: This review article discusses the progress and potential future applications of the working heart-brainstem preparation (WHBP) in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. The WHBP is a novel in situ experimental model that provides unprecedented access and stability for studying physiological mechanisms. It has revealed new insights into various mechanisms related to respiratory rhythms, sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart, control mechanisms in the hypothalamus and spinal cord, and chemoreceptor mechanisms. These findings have been validated in vivo and have translated to humans. The article also discusses potential future applications of the WHBP, such as two-photon imaging and pharmacogenetic tools, for improving our understanding and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Shunya Yoda, Hiroshi Onimaru, Masahiko Izumizaki
Summary: Aconitine, a toxic plant compound, was found to have effects on central respiratory activity, including increasing respiratory rhythm and decreasing neuronal activity. The effects of aconitine were observed in medullary and spinal cord neurons, possibly through its interactions with sodium channels.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lun Yue, Mette B. Gaarde
Summary: Anomalous high-harmonic generation (HHG) in certain solids is caused by a Berry-curvature-induced anomalous current, but is often contaminated by harmonics from interband coherences. This study presents an ab initio methodology to characterize the anomalous HHG mechanism and identifies two unique properties of the anomalous harmonic yields: an overall increase with laser wavelength and pronounced minima at specific laser wavelengths and intensities. These properties can be utilized to distinguish anomalous harmonics from competing HHG mechanisms and enable the experimental identification and time-domain control of pure anomalous harmonics and reconstruction of Berry curvatures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ying Xie, Ping Zhou, Jun Ma
Summary: This paper investigates the problem of information exchange and signal encoding between neural circuits. The results show that adaptive synchronization between different neural circuits can be achieved through coupling, and energy diversity plays an important role in controlling synchronization.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Andres Contreras, Robert L. Jerrard
Summary: The paper focuses on understanding and characterizing vortex configurations in Ginzburg-Landau theory. It investigates the global minimizers and critical states of the energy functional in the limit as epsilon approaches 0. The authors prove the existence of local minimizers with a specific number of vortices under certain conditions, providing detailed information about their vorticity and asymptotics.
COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Haoyu Cao, Zonghua Liu
Summary: This study reveals that the local networks of cortical regions may show a completely different synchronization transition from the global brain network, and uncovers different synchronization transitions in forward and backward processes. Numerical simulations demonstrate that amplitude death is more likely to occur in larger local networks.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhao Yao, Chunni Wang
Summary: The paper discusses the stability of energy pumping and phase synchronization in neural circuits through coupling, as well as the impact of different coupling methods on the intrinsic field energy of neurons.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christopher Orthodoxou, Amelle Zair, George H. Booth
Summary: This study investigates the attosecond charge dynamics of electrons induced by strong-field laser pulses in two-dimensional Mott insulators using a combination of numerical methods. By going beyond single-particle approaches and contrasting with one-dimensional analogues, the study provides insights into high-harmonic emission and photo-induced breakdown in these systems. The analysis also reveals the time and ultra-high-frequency domains of emission, enhancing understanding of photo-melting in two-dimensional Mott insulators.
NPJ QUANTUM MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
O. E. Dick, A. L. Glazov
Summary: In this study, methods for determining the recurrence based phase synchronization index and the coupling directionality based on conditional probabilities of recurrence were applied to analyze the direction of coupling and synchronization of time series obtained from experimental data. Brain neurons activity, arterial blood pressure fluctuations, and respiratory rhythm of anesthetized rats were used as experimental data. For the first time, variants of changing the direction of the coupling between the analyzed time series before and during pain exposure were revealed. The relationship between pain exposure and the adjustment of the frequency of neuronal activity variability to the variability of arterial blood pressure or the adjustment of the frequency of blood pressure variability to the respiratory rhythm with subsequent occurrence of phase synchronization has been established.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mina Ogawa, Jia-Xin Jiang, Sunny Xia, Donghe Yang, Avrilynn Ding, Onofrio Laselva, Marcela Hernandez, Changyi Cui, Yuichiro Higuchi, Hiroshi Suemizu, Craig Dorrell, Markus Grompe, Christine E. Bear, Shinichiro Ogawa
Summary: The study identifies key pathways regulating cholangiocyte maturation and successfully generates functional cholangiocytes with mature characteristics, enhancing their potential for therapeutic applications in biliary diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammed Ali Khan, Ahteshamul Haque, Frede Blaabjerg, Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru, Huai Wang
Summary: This paper introduces an intelligent seamless transition controller for distributed generation units to smoothly transition between grid-connected and standalone modes. The controller plays a crucial role in both synchronization and islanding processes, contributing to efficient transition control.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. A. Camargo-Martinez, F. Mesa, G. I. Gonzalez-Pedreros
Summary: This study analyzes the temperature effects on the calculation of the functional derivative of the superconducting transition temperature Tc with respect to the electron-phonon coupling function alpha F-2(omega) and the mu* parameter. By identifying the frequency regions where phonons are most effective in raising Tc, it provides insights into the physical conditions and theoretical estimation of Tc in the superconducting state.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Li Zhang, Xinlei An, Jiangang Zhang
Summary: Due to the difficulty in exploring the induced mechanism of neuronal firing activity and the cooperation between neurons experimentally, neuronal circuits are established to train mode transformation and selection. Functional neurons are developed by inserting some functional devices, such as piezoelectric ceramic, thermistor, and phototube, into the neuronal circuits to perceive specific physical signals. In this paper, a functional neuron is constructed by parallelly connecting a linear resistance and an ideal Josephson junction to the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neuronal circuit, which is able to perceive induction currents induced by an external magnetic field. The dynamics of the functional neuron are analyzed, and it is found that the neuron is sensitive to electromagnetic stimulation and exhibits rich multimodal transformations.
Article
Physiology
Werner I. Furuya, Rishi R. Dhingra, Andrew L. Gundlach, Mohammad Akhter Hossain, Mathias Dutschmann
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Jorge Soliz, Edith M. Schneider-Gasser, Christian Arias-Reyes, Fernanda Aliaga-Raduan, Liliana Poma-Machicao, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Werner Furuya, Pedro Trevizan-Bau, Rishi R. Dhingra, Mathias Dutschmann
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Christian Arias-Reyes, Natalia Zubieta-DeUrioste, Liliana Poma-Machicao, Fernanda Aliaga-Raudan, Favio Carvajal-Rodriguez, Mathias Dutschmann, Edithm Schneider-Gasser, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Jorge Soliz
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Pedro Trevizan-Bau, Rishi R. Dhingra, Werner I. Furuya, Davor Stanic, Stuart B. Mazzone, Mathias Dutschmann
Summary: Eupnea is generated by neural circuits in the ponto-medullary brainstem and modulated by higher brain inputs for voluntary control of breathing and orofacial behaviors. Descending inputs from cortical areas predominantly target the PAG and KFn, suggesting specific relay of volitional motor commands for vocalization and coordination of breathing with other orofacial behaviors. Additionally, limbic or autonomic systems connect to broadly distributed downstream bulbar respiratory networks.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Neurosciences
Rishi R. Dhingra, Werner I. Furuya, Thomas E. Dick, Mathias Dutschmann
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Physiology
M. Dutschmann, T. G. Bautista, P. Trevizan-Bau, R. R. Dhingra, W. Furuya
Summary: Bilateral inhibition of the KFn triggers apneusis (prolonged inspiration) and abolishes pre-inspiratory discharge of facial, vagal and hypoglossal nerves as well as post-inspiratory discharge in the vagus.
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Arias-Reyes, Favio Carvajal-Rodriguez, Liliana Poma-Machicao, Fernanda Aliaga-Raduan, Danuzia A. Marques, Natalia Zubieta-DeUrioste, Roberto Alfonso Accinelli, Edith M. Schneider-Gasser, Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Mathias Dutschmann, Jorge Soliz
Summary: Research shows that in the American continent, the transmission rate and severity of COVID-19 decrease with increasing altitude, with areas above 1000 meters being less affected by the pandemic.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Isaline Mees, Shanshan Li, Leah C. Beauchamp, Kevin J. Barnham, Mathias Dutschmann, Anthony J. Hannan, Thibault Renoir
Summary: Tau protein is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The presence of hyperphosphorylated tau has been found in the brains of Huntington's disease (HD) patients. However, the role of tau in the development of HD is not well understood. This study investigates the impact of tau expression and knockout in an HD mouse model and finds that tau expression or ablation does not affect the progression of HD symptoms.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryota Yamamoto, Yoichiro Sugiyama, Keiko Hashimoto, Shota Kinoshita, Akiyo Takemura, Shinya Fuse, Mami Kaneko, Shigeyuki Mukudai, Toshiro Umezaki, Mathias Dutschmann, Takashi Nakagawa, Shigeru Hirano
Summary: This research investigates sensory-motor integration during oropharyngeal swallowing from different sensory sources. The study found that electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and oral injections can trigger swallowing responses, and the modulation of neuronal activity may contribute to the coordination of bolus transfer during swallowing.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)