Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhihao Shang, Md Masem Hossain, Ryszard Wycisk, Peter N. Pintauro
Summary: In this study, a composite fuel cell membrane based on highly proton conductive, thermally crosslinkable poly(phenylene sulfonic acid) (cPPSA) copolymer was prepared to overcome the poor mechanical characteristics of the copolymer. The membrane, which consists of a mechanically stabilizing scaffold from a commercial, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous film impregnated with cPPSA, showed very high proton conductivity and maintained high power density and low gas crossover under different humidity and pressure conditions.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mingfu Yu, Hong Sun, Tianyu Zhang, Qiang Li, Jie Li, Xiaochen Zhang
Summary: High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells were found to be more usable than traditional low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Research on the paths of proton and electron transfer in the membrane and gas diffusion layer can help optimize the flow field and operating parameters of the fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Junqiao Jiang, Min Xiao, Sheng Huang, Dongmei Han, Shuanjin Wang, Yuezhong Meng
Summary: A microphase separation structure is achieved in phosphonic acid-imidazolium containing ionomeric membranes, which balances the contradictory requirements of proton conductivity and mechanical properties in high-temperature proton exchange membranes. The acidophilic phase with adsorbed phosphoric acid enables proton conduction, while the acidophobic phase maintains the mechanical properties and synergistically conducts protons with the -PO3H2 group.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chuan Hu, Na Yoon Kang, Hyun Woo Kang, Ju Yeon Lee, Xiaohua Zhang, Yong Jun Lee, Seung Won Jung, Jong Hyeong Park, Myeong-Geun Kim, Sung Jong Yoo, So Young Lee, Chi Hoon Park, Young Moo Lee
Summary: Researchers have developed a new type of polymer electrolyte for alkaline energy conversion devices using highly rigid triptycene as a branching agent. The electrolyte exhibits excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, anti-swelling ability, and alkaline stability. Fuel cells and water electrolyzers based on this electrolyte demonstrate promising performance, indicating wide application potential.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Farid Wijaya, Seunghee Woo, Hyejin Lee, Adam F. Nugraha, Dongwon Shin, Byungchan Bae
Summary: In this study, sulfonated multiblock poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether sulfone) (SmPPES) membranes were prepared via Colon's Nickel catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The membranes showed well-defined phase separation and proton conductivities comparable to or exceeding that of a reference Nafion membrane. The control over sulfonated phenylene and ether sulfone hydrophobic blocks provides new insight into designing high-performance polymer electrolyte membranes.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yoldas Seki, Elif Kizilkan, Berkay Metin Leskeri, Mehmet Sarikanat, Lutfiye Altay, Akin Isbilir
Summary: The study investigates whether a blend of PPS and SPS (PPS-SPS) can be used as a substitute for PPS in applications requiring high thermal stability, high mechanical performance, and high thermal conductivity. Carbon-based fillers, such as carbon fiber and synthetic graphite, were used to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the blend. The results show that carbon-loaded composites based on PPS-SPS blend have the potential to be used in thermal management applications with the advantages of low cost and lightweight compared to PPS-based composites.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jiyuan Kuang, Jianfeng Lv, Wenbo Hao, Xinpo Lin, Dongdong Zhao, Imad Matraji, Patrick Muhl, Jianxing Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on addressing the air supply problem for fuel cells. A fixed-time observer is proposed to reconstruct the oxygen excess ratio, and a cascaded double-loop controller is introduced to regulate the oxygen excess ratio to the optimal value within a prescribed short time. Hardware in-loop experiments validate the advantages of the proposed method over conventional finite-time control techniques.
Review
Polymer Science
Sivasubramaniyan Neelakandan, Li Wang, Boping Zhang, Jiangpeng Ni, Meishao Hu, Chunmei Gao, Wai-Yeung Wong, Lei Wang
Summary: Recent progress in branched polymer membranes as electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells has shown improved chemical stability, proton conductivity, and good solubility. The branching degree and the structure of the branching agent are essential factors in determining the characteristics of the polymer membranes.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
A. Vasilyev, J. Andrews, S. J. Dunnett, L. M. Jackson
Summary: This paper develops a novel model for dynamic reliability analysis of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system to consider multi-state dynamics and ageing. By combining physical and stochastic sub-models, the study investigates the effects of operating conditions on system reliability. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the significant influence of purging and load cycles on the longevity of the fuel cell system.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lv Li, Jia-ao Wang, Lingling Ma, Lei Bai, Anran Zhang, Naeem Akhtar Qaisrani, Xiaoming Yan, Fengxiang Zhang, Gaohong He
Summary: The synthesized AEMs with specific side-chain structures achieved a good balance between ion conduction and stability, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance and providing a new effective pathway for the research of AEMs.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Andrei Kulikovsky
Summary: A recent single-pore model has been developed for analyzing the performance of cathode catalyst layer in low-Pt PEM fuel cells, and successfully used to fit experimental data to determine key parameters for improving cell performance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Andrei Kulikovsky
Summary: An analytical model for the concentration/pressure impedance on the cathode side of a PEM fuel cell has been developed, with analytical solution derived for the zeta impedance. Simple equations for the static point of zeta impedance have been obtained, allowing estimation of oxygen transport coefficients. The qualitative resemblance between the model and experimental zeta-spectrum has been demonstrated.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fei Huang, Timothy Largier, Lingping Luo, Wenjian Zheng, Chris J. Cornelius
Summary: A series of block copolymers and homopolymers, 6FDA-DABA (6FD) polyimide and branched poly(phenylene) (PP), were successfully synthesized using Diels-Alder and polycondensation reactions. The block copolymer solutions were clear, and thin films were robust and creasable. The gas permeation, diffusion, sorption, and separation properties of these copolymers were investigated and showed a strong correlation with polymer chemistry, block length, and fractional free volume (FFV).
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Andrei Kulikovsky
Summary: A novel method is developed to calculate the cathode impedance of a PEM fuel cell based on charge and mass conservation equations. The cathode catalyst layer is divided into multiple sub-layers, and the steady-state variables within the sub-layers are assumed to be constant. By linearizing and Fourier-transforming the equations, analytical solutions for the overpotential and oxygen concentration perturbations are obtained for each sub-layer. Recurrent formulas are derived to express the perturbation amplitudes on one side of the sub-layer in terms of the values on the other side. By applying the recurrent relations multiple times from the CCL/GDL interface to the membrane surface, the system impedance can be obtained. The method shows high accuracy and tenfold acceleration in impedance spectrum calculations even with only 10 sub-layers and can be applied at arbitrary cell current.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xingyu Wu, Nanjun Chen, Harm-Anton Klok, Young Moo Lee, Xile Hu
Summary: The research team has successfully prepared high-molecular-weight branched poly(aryl piperidinium) AEMs, which exhibit high OH- conductivity and dimensional stability. The optimized membrane b-PTP-2.5 performs well at 80 degrees Celsius, with high mechanical strength and alkaline stability, as well as achieving good peak power densities in both H-2-O-2 and H-2-air.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Danielle A. Salvatore, Christine M. Gabardo, Angelica Reyes, Colin P. O'Brien, Steven Holdcroft, Peter Pintauro, Bamdad Bahar, Michael Hickner, Chulsung Bae, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent, Curtis P. Berlinguette
Summary: New technologies are needed to efficiently convert carbon dioxide into fuels and chemicals at near-ambient temperatures and pressures. Anion exchange membranes in zero-gap reactors show promise for mediating the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, but challenges remain in tailoring these membranes to meet the requirements of CO2RR systems.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Amelia Hohenadel, Apurva Shantilal Gangrade, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: A novel spectroelectrochemical approach was used to explore the water dissociation potentials and their relationship with current-voltage curve characteristics in bipolar membranes. The experiments showed that water dissociation occurs within BPM, with the resulting pH change measured using a UV/vis spectrometer.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Apurva Shantilal Gangrade, Simon Cassegrain, Prakash Chandra Ghosh, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: This work investigates the permselectivity and transport properties of an ionene-based anion exchange membrane, finding that thicker membranes exhibit higher permselectivity and fixed charge group concentration, leading to better performance. The permselectivity and specific area conductivity of Aemion AEMs were determined by their fixed charge group concentration, with the AF1-HNN5-50 membrane showing comparable performance to the common anion exchange membrane Selemion AMV.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emmanuel Balogun, Simon Cassegrain, Peter Mardle, Michael Adamski, Torben Saatkamp, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: This study reports the design and addition of HB-sPPT-H+ ionomer particles to improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. By introducing a direct pathway for proton conduction, the ionic resistance of the catalyst layer is reduced, catalyst mass activity is increased, and power output is improved.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Binyu Chen, Peter Mardle, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) are potential for green hydrogen production. A study found that using 1M KOH electrolyte at 60℃ and coating the membrane with a HMT-PMBI catalyst can improve the stability of the electrolyzer. Reducing the KOH concentration or using pure water decreases the voltage stability, possibly due to increased swelling. Introducing a crosslinked derivative of the HMT-PMBI membrane reduces swelling and enhances the stability of the system.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xin Wang, Peter Mardle, Michael Adamski, Binyu Chen, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: In this study, fully hydrocarbon-based ionomer catalyst coated membranes (CCMs) were evaluated in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer cell. The results showed that sPPB-H+ membranes required a lower applied potential compared to the reference Nafion NR112 recast membranes. Although the sPPB-H+ membranes initially had lower gas crossover, the gas crossover increased and higher rates of voltage evolution were observed during stability tests. The use of sPPB-H+ as the catalyst layer binder also showed higher efficiency when the ionomer content was 20 wt%.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lisa Royer, Antoine Bonnefont, Tristan Asset, Benjamin Rotonnelli, Juan-Jesus Velasco-Velez, Steven Holdcroft, Simon Hettler, Raul Arenal, Benoit Pichon, Elena Savinova
Summary: Transition metal oxides show promise as cost-effective catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. However, understanding the transformations occurring under harsh oxidative OER conditions is crucial for developing stable and active catalysts. This study used NEXAFS spectroscopy to investigate the redox transformations of core-shell Fe3O4@CoFe2O4 oxide nanoparticles over a range of potentials. The analysis revealed that the Fe3O4 core significantly influences the surface chemistry of the CoFe2O4 shell during OER, with the Co (II) structure preserved even at high potentials where Co (II) is expected to be oxidized into Co (III), while Fe (II) in the core undergoes reversible oxidation to Fe (III).
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Mardle, Apurva Gangrade, Torben Saatkamp, Zhengming Jiang, Simon Cassegrain, Nana Zhao, Zhiqing Shi, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: The dependence of the performance and stability of a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer on the properties of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) is investigated. The study evaluates the impact of the anolyte in using an Aemion membrane and demonstrates that with 10 mM KHCO3, a CO2 electrolyzer using a next-generation Aemion+ membrane achieves lower cell voltages and longer lifetimes due to increased water permeation. The article also discusses the effect of lower permselectivity of Aemion+ on water transport. Using Aemion+, a cell voltage of 3.17 V at 200 mA cm(-2) is attained at room temperature, with a faradaic efficiency of >90%. Stable CO2 electrolysis is demonstrated for 100 hours at 100 mA cm(-2), although the lifetime is reduced at 300 mA cm(-2). However, improving water transport characteristics of the AEM, reducing dimensional swelling, and enhancing cathode design to reduce localized dehydration of the membrane increases the lifetime of the cell at high current densities.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emmanuel Balogun, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: Choosing the appropriate conditioning method is crucial for improving the performance and durability of freshly prepared fuel cell membrane-electrode-assemblies (MEA). This study investigates the impact of different conditioning protocols on hydrocarbon solid polymer electrolyte-based MEAs and finds that the cathode starvation protocol leads to the highest peak power density and the lowest performance losses during durability testing.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Philip Overton, Anastasiia Konovalova, Kate Fraser, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: In this study, the first AB-type primary-chain poly-(arylimidazole) (AB-PAI) homopolymers were synthesized by Debus-Radziszewski polycondensation, providing evidence for the Carothers' Step-Growth mechanism. The quaternization of imidazole units in AB-PAI resulted in statistical poly(arylimidazolium) (AB-PAIm) ionenes. The thermally stable AB-PAI and AB-PAIm showed high resistance to degradation and can be solvated by polar organic solvents.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Binyu Chen, Ana Laura G. Biancolli, Chase L. Radford, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is a promising technology for low-cost, high-efficiency, green hydrogen production. The use of stainless steel (SS) felt as a combined oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst and porous transport layer simplifies the study of AEMs in water electrolyzers. In situ studies of OER electrocatalysts and catalyst layer compositions should be performed with Ni felt to reduce OER contributions from the porous transport layer.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Ana Laura G. Biancolli, Anastasiia Konovalova, Elisabete I. Santiago, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: Ex-situ characterization of solid polymer electrolytes is important for their development in energy applications, with a focus on quantifying ionic conductivity. Conventional measurements often require free-standing polymer films, which may be difficult to fabricate, necessitating the need for quantification in powder form. This study presents a practical method using a modified through-plane cell configuration to measure the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes in powder form. Two types of insoluble polymer electrolytes were tested, with measured ionic conductivity values presented.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Apurva Shantilal Gangrade, Beatriz Tusi, Prakash Chandra Ghosh, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: This study investigates the monovalent/divalent ion permselectivity of anion exchange ionenes, a type of solid polymer polyelectrolytes. The results show that thicker ionenes with lower ion exchange capacity exhibit higher permselectivity. Thinner membranes lead to a greater ionic flux loss and decreased permselectivity, particularly for lower ion exchange capacity membranes. Surprisingly, commercial Selemion AMV has lower permselectivity than low ion exchange capacity ionene-based Aemion (R) AEMs, which can be attributed to the highly tortuous internal morphology of low water content ionenes. The permselectivity-to-resistance ratio values are higher for low ion exchange capacity ionenes compared to high ion exchange capacity ionenes and Selemion AMV.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiawei Hou, Shixuan Guo, Nigel Graham, Wenzheng Yu, Kening Sun, Ting Liu
Summary: A novel 2D composite membrane based on r-HGO and MXene materials was developed, demonstrating exceptional performance for water treatment in terms of permeability, pollutant rejection, and physical stability. The optimization of preparation conditions and material proportions can result in high water flux and efficient removal of pollutants.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Retraction
Engineering, Chemical
Chang Liu, Jinghong Liu, Liang Zhu, Shanfu Tang, Huixin Xiong
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rui Gao, Caihong Liu, Andreia F. Faria, Qiang He, Chun Yang, Jun Ma
Summary: A novel copolymer architecture has been developed to address biofouling concerns in thin-film composite (TFC) membranes by integrating anti-fouling, bactericidal, and fouling-release functions. The multifunctional membrane demonstrates promising anti-adhesive properties, self-cleaning ability, and high flux recovery rate.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alexander T. Bridge, Noah P. Wamble, Matthew S. Santoso, Joan F. Brennecke, Benny D. Freeman
Summary: This study demonstrates the reproducible preparation of high-flux defect-free asymmetric gas separation membranes using Cyrene(TM) as a majority dope formulation component. By adjusting the volume ratios of Cyrene(TM) and THF, as well as the concentrations of Matrimid(R) and the dry step time, optimal membrane performance is achieved.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alessandra Imbrogno, Han Ya Lin, Babak Minofar, Andrea Iris Schaefer
Summary: In this study, a composite nanofiber membrane containing cross-linked beta-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin was prepared and evaluated for the removal of steroid hormones. The results showed that the membrane had high adsorption capacity and the ability to form a specific inclusion complex interaction with the hormones, indicating its potential application in hormone removal.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bora Shin, Jaewon Shin, Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada, Ki Young Park, Jinwoo Cho
Summary: This study develops a mathematical model to estimate the initial flux of volatile fatty acids in the direct contact membrane distillation process. It identifies the parameters affecting the flux and their relationship with pH.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi-Jui Yeh, Jr Rong Liou, Wei Lin, Kuo-Lun Tung, Wei-Hung Chiang
Summary: This study demonstrates an effective plasma engineering method to create nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (NGQD)-inorganic nanocomposites for tunable molecular separation. The composite materials show high separation efficiency and controllable nanopore structures, making them potentially valuable for various applications.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Horacio Lopez-Marques, Kristofer L. Gleason, Manuel Aguilar-Vega, Rita Sulub-Sulub, J. Ehren Eichler, Hyeonji Oh, C. Buddie Mullins, Benny D. Freeman, Manish Kumar
Summary: In this study, water transport properties in Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) membranes were investigated. It was found that membranes synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures exhibited varying water permeabilities. Compared to other polymeric materials, CMS membranes showed high water permeability, indicating potential for dehydration applications.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dmitry A. Alentiev, Roman Yu. Nikiforov, Marina A. Rudakova, Danil P. Zarezin, Maxim A. Topchiy, Andrey F. Asachenko, Nikolay A. Belov, Maxim Bermeshev
Summary: A series of new norbornene-type monomers containing linear and branched substituents were synthesized, and robust thin membranes were prepared by vinyl-addition polymerization. Gas separation performance for the synthesized polymers was evaluated, and the structure of substituent side chains was found to significantly affect gas permeability and CO2 facilitated transport.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Yan, Qi Zhang, Ze Zhang, Gui-Jie Li, Yi Jin, Xin-Lin Zhang, Yan-Yun Sun
Summary: In this study, a continuous, stable and fast ion transport channel was established through in-situ guided cross-linking of zinc alginate hydrogels on a porous membrane, overcoming the negative pore effect and effectively inhibiting the dendrite growth of zinc anodes and interfacial side reactions.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuqing Zhang, Ailing Zhang, Huiyang He, Yuting Fan, Yongjiang Li, Song Wang, Sanxi Li
Summary: The Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly process is used to create an ordered SPEEK membrane, which enhances the proton conductivity by three times compared to conventional solution casting method.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hasan Ismaeel, David Gibson, Eleonora Ricci, Maria Grazia De Angelis
Summary: In this study, a machine learning-based group contribution method (ML-GC) was developed to predict pure polymer parameters and successfully applied to predict gas solubility and gas solubility isotherms in glassy polymeric membranes. The model showed satisfactory performance on a small dataset, but has the potential to provide more accurate predictions for a wider range of polymers as more data becomes available.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi Ji, Yu Sun, Huilin Li, Qiang Fu, Yan Zhang
Summary: Previous studies have shown that vibration- or rotation-based techniques can effectively mitigate fouling during membrane filtration. However, it is difficult to incorporate these techniques with spiral wound modules (SWMs) widely used in water and wastewater treatment. This study developed a prototype membrane system to accommodate angular vibrations with a modified SWM, and experimental results showed that applying angular vibrations can effectively control algal fouling in an SWM with lower energy consumption compared to traditional methods.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lakshmeesha Upadhayaya, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Usman T. Syed, Sandra L. Aristizabal, Radoslaw Gorecki, Suzana P. Nunes
Summary: Increasing temperatures worldwide pose a significant health risk, exacerbated by high humidity. Conventional air conditioners contribute heavily to carbon dioxide emissions, with dehumidification being a major factor. Membrane-based dehumidification system offers energy efficiency and non-toxic water vapor removal. This study demonstrates a membrane dehumidification system with polymeric hollow fibers coated with a green polyphenol coating, showing remarkable water vapor transport rate and selectivity. Long-term testing reveals minimal decline in vapor transport and a 4-5 times higher coefficient of performance (COP) compared to conventional dehumidifiers, making it a highly competitive, energy-saving device with reduced emissions and a smaller footprint.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhengzhong Zhou, Xue Zhu, Yi Yuan, Shaoqiang Wang, Xiaoshan Meng, Taoli Huhe, Qian Wang
Summary: In this study, lignin, a biomass material, was chemically modified and utilized in the interfacial polymerization process to improve the performance of nanofiltration membranes. The modified membranes showed enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties, and the optimization of membrane pore size increased permeability. The study also demonstrated the potential application of the membranes in biogas slurry valorization.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)