Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tingzhou Yang, Dan Luo, Aiping Yu, Zhongwei Chen
Summary: The rapid spread of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant challenges and environmental risks for recyclers in managing waste and after scrap. Closed-loop recycling plays a crucial role in sustaining battery development and mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. This article outlines and evaluates current methods for direct cathode regeneration in industrialized recycling, summarizes different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials, providing a new perspective for closed-loop recycling of LIBs. A proposed reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines minimizes costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the article also emphasizes the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yingying Qi, Mengyuan Wang, Lu Yuan, Xiangping Chen
Summary: A phosphate chemistry based process is proposed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This process selectively leaches Li and directly precipitates transition metals using H3PO4 as both leachant and precipitant. The recovered Li can be further transformed into struvite and Li2CO3, while the transition metals can be converted into insoluble phosphates, showing great potential for closed-loop recycling of valuable metals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingyu Kong, Zhaowen Wang, Zhongning Shi, Xianwei Hu, Aimin Liu, Wenju Tao, Benping Wang, Qian Wang
Summary: Salvaging valuable metals from cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries is a promising strategy for green and sustainable development. The use of methanol as a reducing agent for the acid leaching of cathode materials allows efficient extraction of cobalt and lithium. The leaching process is diffusion-controlled, and methanol is transformed into formic acid to enhance leaching.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Sezgin Yasa, Ozan Aydin, Mohammed Al-Bujasim, Burak Birol, Metin Gencten
Summary: This article presents the most recent research on the recycling of active elements in Li-ion batteries, discussing the current techniques and procedures for recycling commonly used Li-ion battery types. It compiles and presents data on the effectiveness of different recycling processes and the reuse of recovered materials. The article aims to aid readers in their studies and research on the growing importance of recycling used Li-ion batteries.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joseph Jegan Roy, Ernest Jun Jie Tang, Minh Phuong Do, Bin Cao, Madhavi Srinivasan
Summary: Research on recycling electrode materials, particularly anode graphite, from spent lithium-ion batteries has gained attention due to economic benefits and environmental concerns. This study successfully recycled anode graphite from bioleaching residue, achieving a purity of 99.78% and demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junxiong Wang, Zheng Liang, Yun Zhao, Jinzhi Sheng, Jun Ma, Kai Jia, Baohua Li, Guangmin Zhou, Hui-Ming Cheng
Summary: Traditional battery recycling processes cause environmental damage, while this research proposes a green and closed-loop strategy for recycling spent cathodes and successfully converts degraded LiCoO2 into high-voltage LiCoO2 cathode materials.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
HuiXiang Zhou, ZhongYan Luo, Shuai Wang, Xin Ma, Zhanfang Cao
Summary: An innovative process of iron-lithium separation and cathode materials regeneration from used LiFePO4 batteries is proposed, which promotes sustainable development and environmental protection.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kai Yang, Jie Li, Wenlong Huang, Chengping Zhu, Zhongliang Tian, Xinye Zhu, Zhao Fang
Summary: This paper focuses on a closed-circuit cycle process for the direct treatment of spent carbon cathode (SCC) using the hydrothermal acid-leaching method. Various experiments and analyses were conducted to study the leaching properties of impurities, optimize the leaching conditions, and investigate the factors influencing the leaching process. The results show that the proposed process can effectively treat SCC and recover valuable components.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rui Gong, Chenchen Li, Qi Meng, Peng Dong, Yingjie Zhang, Bao Zhang, Jin Yan, Yong Li
Summary: A sustainable closed-loop method for recovering waste lithium iron phosphate batteries is developed. Li+ is selectively leached from cathode materials and used to synthesize LiFePO4 materials. The regenerated LiFePO4 materials show good electrochemical properties.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xu-Hui Zhu, Yan-Juan Li, Meng-Qi Gong, Ran Mo, Si-Yuan Luo, Xiao Yan, Shun Yang
Summary: Pyrometallurgy technique is commonly used as a pretreatment to improve leaching efficiencies in the hydrometallurgy process for recovering valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Traditional pyrometallurgy processes are time and energy consuming. In this study, a carbothermal shock (CTS) method was developed for reducing LiNi0.3Co0.2Mn0.5O2 (NCM325) cathode materials with uniform temperature distribution, high heating and cooling rates, high temperatures, and ultrafast reaction times. The CTS process showed high efficiencies in selectively leaching Li (>90%) and recovering Ni, Co, and Mn (>98%) in dilute acid leaching. The CTS reduction strategy was also applicable to various other spent cathode materials. This low energy consumption and potentially scalable CTS process provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for recovering spent lithium-ion batteries.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junjian Zhou, Shen Wang, Xinyu Wang, Chengyu Zhang, Zhengguo Gu, Tong Zhou, Zhiye Yuan, Ting Long, Jiang Yin, Yahui Yang, Lishan Yang
Summary: ZnxMn2O4/carbon, recycled from spent alkaline batteries, was used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc batteries, demonstrating excellent specific capacity and cycling stability.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kaidi Du, Edison Huixiang Ang, Xinglong Wu, Yichun Liu
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial due to their environmental hazards and resource consumption. This review critically analyses the value, need, and existing technologies for recycling these batteries. It also discusses the progress in recycling other components and addresses the prospects for recycling these batteries in terms of government, users, battery manufacturers, and recyclers.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yafei Shen
Summary: The recycling of electrode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) focuses on the recovery of transition metals for the production of new batteries or catalysts. Hydrometallurgical processes are more commonly used than pyrometallurgical processes for the recovery of transition metal oxides, which have a significant impact on catalysis applications. Additionally, the synthesis of transition metal based compounds should be developed to enhance their photo-electro-catalytic activities.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwen Zhang, Xue Yuan, Yaqun He, Haifeng Wang, Tao Zhang, Weining Xie
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has been increasingly important due to environmental concerns and economic value. Technologies used in the pretreating process play a crucial role in achieving efficient recycling and laying the foundation for subsequent metallurgical processes. Collaboration of multiple technologies is key to successful pretreatment and overall recycling efforts.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huixiang Zhou, Yun Zhang, Liqing Li, Zhanfang Cao
Summary: A systematic, green, and sustainable recycling process for waste LiFePO4 batteries is proposed using naturally degradable organic acids, which successfully extracts most of the lithium and achieves arsenic removal through the iron by-products. Meanwhile, phosphorus is recovered and the LiFePO4 cathode material is regenerated.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuxuan Yan, Youzhou Jiang, Xiangping Chen, Tao Zhou
Summary: A novel process using improved advanced oxidation processes was proposed for the in situ peeling off of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Experimental results showed that all coating materials can be exfoliated from Al foils under optimized conditions, with only the PVDF binders degraded without destruction of other components.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiangping Chen, Yi Wang, Lu Yuan, Shubin Wang, Shuxuan Yan, Hongbo Liu, Junhua Xu
Summary: By utilizing pyrolysis gases generated from renewable biomass waste, the cathode material in spent lithium-ion batteries (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2) was effectively reduced and converted into different metals. This innovative approach allows for sustainable recycling of metal resources with reduced environmental impacts.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yingying Qi, Mengyuan Wang, Lu Yuan, Xiangping Chen
Summary: A phosphate chemistry based process is proposed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This process selectively leaches Li and directly precipitates transition metals using H3PO4 as both leachant and precipitant. The recovered Li can be further transformed into struvite and Li2CO3, while the transition metals can be converted into insoluble phosphates, showing great potential for closed-loop recycling of valuable metals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiangping Chen, Lu Yuan, Shuxuan Yan, Xin Ma
Summary: The selective extraction of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using in-situ advanced oxidation metallurgy technology is proposed. Through Fenton oxidation, lithium can be completely liberated without destroying the structure of LiFePO4. The recovered LiFePO4 shows excellent electrochemical performances, making this method a green and efficient alternative for the recycling of lithium.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yudie Ou, Shuxuan Yan, Lu Yuan, Xiangping Chen, Tao Zhou
Summary: In this study, a self-activated and ultrasonic-induced endogenous advanced oxidation process (EAOP) was developed for the selective removal of PVDF and in-situ extraction of Li from waste LiFePO4 (LFP) to improve the recycling efficiency of valuable metals from spent LIBs. The optimized conditions allowed for the detachment of over 99 wt% of cathode materials from Al foils, with high purity Al foils and Li2CO3 (>99.9% purity) recovered. The ultrasonic induction of S2O82- by LFP generated an increased amount of SO4•− radicals, which attacked PVDF binders for degradation, and further oxidation of these radicals achieved complete ionization of Li from LFP powders. This work presents a novel strategy for efficient and in-situ recycling of valuable metals from spent LIBs with minimal environmental impact.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiangping Chen, Weiming Hua, Lu Yuan, Shaowen Ji, Shubin Wang, Shuxuan Yan
Summary: This study investigates the migration and transformation of pollutants generated from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during the discharging process. Efficient discharging was achieved using CuSO4 as the discharging medium, which mainly drove the migration of Li from the anode to the cathode. Different levels of galvanic corrosion were observed on the battery surface, leading to the leakage of organic electrolytes. The composition analysis revealed the presence of hydroxide precipitates and organic pollutants.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuxuan Yan, Yudie Ou, Xueping Li, Lu Yuan, Xiangping Chen, Tao Zhou
Summary: In this study, an improved advanced oxidation technology based on ultrasonic assisted S2O82--Fe2+-H+ system (USFH) was proposed for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The technology effectively separated the cathode materials from the current collector through the degradation of the polyvinylidene difluoride binder (PVDF), and the degradation mechanism was investigated. It offers a promising green and efficient alternative for in-situ recycling of spent LIBs.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Youzhou Jiang, Xiangping Chen, Shuxuan Yan, Yudie Ou, Tao Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a mechanochemistry-based process to efficiently recover metal resources from waste cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The mechanochemical reactions destroyed the crystal structures of the waste cathode materials and converted them into amorphous states, allowing for the synchronous generation and conversion of recyclable materials under optimized experimental conditions. Using a stoichiometric acid dosage, a high selectivity in the extraction of Li and Co from leaching residues was achieved. The study demonstrates a green and efficient recycling process for different metals from spent LIBs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiangping Chen, Jiazhu Li, Duozhi Kang, Tao Zhou, Hongrui Ma
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shun-Shun Chen, Xu-Xiu Chen, Tian-Yu Yang, Li Chen, Zheng Guo, Xing-Jiu Huang
Summary: A temperature-modulated sensing strategy was proposed to identify and determine BTEX compounds. Highly effective identification of BTEX was achieved using linear discrimination and convolutional neural network analyses. Additionally, quantitative analysis of concentration was accomplished by establishing the relationship between concentration and response.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Myungkyung Noh, Jeong Yeon Sim, Jisung Kim, Jee Hwan Ahn, Hye-Young Min, Jong-Uk Lee, Jong-Sook Park, Ji Yun Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Shin Yup Lee, Hyo-Jong Lee, Choon-Sik Park, Ho-Young Lee
Summary: This study reveals that chronic exposure to PM induces chronic inflammation and development of COPD by dysregulating NAD+ metabolism and subsequent SIRT1 deficiency in pulmonary macrophages. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol effectively mitigates PM-induced inflammation and COPD development. Targeting metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in macrophages induced by PM is a promising strategy for COPD treatment.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Liu, Linlin Qin, Yiming Qin, Tong Yang, Haoran Lu, Yulong Liu, Qiqi Zhang, Wenyan Liang
Summary: Co/NC/PAC electrode was prepared by compounding ZIF-67 with powder-activated carbon for the electrocatalytic treatment of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The degradation efficiency of the four compounds reached 90.2-93.7% under optimal conditions, and the degradation order was pyridazine < pyrimidine < pyrazine < pyridine.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Julien Couturier, Pierre Tamba Oulare, Blanche Collin, Claire Lallemand, Isabelle Kieffer, Julien Longerey, Perrine Chaurand, Jerome Rose, Daniel Borschneck, Bernard Angeletti, Steven Criquet, Renaud Podor, Hamed Pourkhorsandi, Guilhem Arrachart, Clement Levard
Summary: This study analyzes the properties of bauxite residue samples and explores the influence of bauxite ore origin, storage conditions, and storage time. The results show that the speciation of yttrium is related to the origin of bauxite ore, while no significant variation was observed with storage conditions or aging of the residues.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sakthinarenderan Saikumar, Ravi Mani, Mirunalini Ganesan, Inbakandan Dhinakarasamy, Thavamani Palanisami, Dharani Gopal
Summary: Microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems poses a growing concern due to its trophic transfer and negative effects on marine organisms. This study investigates the transfer and impacts of polystyrene microplastics in an estuarine food chain. The results show that microplastics can be transferred through the food chain, although the transfer rates are low. The exposed organisms exhibit stress responses, suggesting the potential risk of microplastics reaching humans through the food chain.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yan-Jiao Li, Ying Yuan, Wen-Bing Tan, Bei-Dou Xi, Hui Wang, Kun-Long Hui, Jia-Bao Chen, Yi-Fan Zhang, Lian-Feng Wang, Ren-Fei Li
Summary: This review investigated and analyzed the distribution, composition, and abundance of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfill. The results showed that heavy metals have lasting effects on ARGs, and complexes of heavy metals and organic matter are common in landfill. This study provides a new basis to better understand the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs in landfill.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jessy Joseph, Ari Vaisanen, Ajay B. Patil, Manu Lahtinen
Summary: Efficient and environmentally friendly porous hybrid adsorbent beads have been developed for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The structural tuning of the adsorbents has been shown to have a significant impact on their adsorption performance, with high crystallinity leading to increased adsorption capacity and selectivity towards As5+.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangyang Liu, Minhua Xiao, Kaiqin Huang, Juntao Cui, Hongli Liu, Yingxin Yu, Shengtao Ma, Xihong Liu, Meiqing Lin
Summary: This study measured the levels of phthalate metabolites in breast milk collected from mothers in southern China. The results showed that phthalates are still prevalent in the region, and breastfeeding contributes to phthalate intake in infants. However, the levels detected do not pose significant health risks to infants based on dietary exposure. The increasing exposure to certain phthalates calls for further research into their sources and potential risks.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhiqiang Wu, Jianxing Sun, Liting Xu, Hongbo Zhou, Haina Cheng, Zhu Chen, Yuguang Wang, Jichao Yang
Summary: Ocean depth affects microbial diversity, composition, and co-occurrence patterns of microplastic microbial communities. Deterministic processes dominate the assembly of mesopelagic plastisphere microbial communities, while stochastic processes shape the assembly of bathypelagic microbial communities. The relationships between microorganisms in the mesopelagic layer are more complex and stable, with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota playing important roles.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tingting Xiao, Renjie Chen, Chen Cai, Shijie Yuan, Xiaohu Dai, Bin Dong, Zuxin Xu
Summary: Based on the efficiency of catalytic ozonation techniques in enhancing sludge dewaterability, this study investigated its effectiveness in simultaneous reduction of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. The results showed that catalytic ozonation conditioning changed the distribution of antibiotics and achieved high degradation rates. It also significantly reduced the abundance of ARGs, inhibited horizontal gene transfer, and decreased the signal transduction of typical ARGs host bacteria.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yang Deng, Xiaohong Guan
Summary: This article discusses two different development approaches for ferrate(VI) technology in water treatment, arguing that process integration is a promising method that can drive technological innovation and revolution in water treatment, achieving higher treatment efficiency, reduced costs and energy consumption, and a smaller physical footprint.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Lu Zhang, Zhihao Huang, Yuxin Xu, Qingqing Zhao, Hongju Wang, Meiqing Shi, Xiangnan Li, Kai Jiang, Dapeng Wu
Summary: In this study, a floating catalytic foam was designed and prepared to enhance the mass transfer in immobilized photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. The floating catalytic foam could float on the water surface and establish a temperature gradient, effectively promoting the diffusion and adsorption of target molecules during the photocatalytic process.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Muhammad Nafees, Adiba Khan Sehrish, Sarah Owdah Alomrani, Linlin Qiu, Aasim Saeed, Shoaib Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Hongyan Guo
Summary: The accumulation of cadmium and antibiotics in edible plants and fertile soil is a worldwide problem. This study investigated the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles to alleviate the toxicity of both cadmium and antibiotics and promote spinach growth.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lurui Wan, Kai Wang, Yuan Chen, Zhiyong Xu, Wenbo Zhao
Summary: In this study, a low viscosity and high thermal stability SO2 absorbent with dual interacting sites was successfully synthesized. The absorbent showed the highest absorption enthalpy change and entropy change values among reported SO2 absorbents, and exhibited lower viscosity and comparable thermal stability to ILs.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengwei Zhou, Guojie Ye, Yang Zong, Zhenyu Zhao, Deli Wu
Summary: This study utilized Mo powder and STPP to enhance the performance of the sodium percarbonate system in pollutant degradation. The presence of Mo and STPP resulted in a higher degradation rate of the model pollutant SMX, with low oxidant consumption. The system generated multiple active species through a series of chain reactions at different pH values, exhibiting excellent performance towards electron-rich pollutants. Furthermore, Mo demonstrated excellent stability and reusability.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)