Article
Plant Sciences
Sarathi M. Weraduwage, Melinda K. Frame, Thomas D. Sharkey
Summary: The localization of phytochromes in guard cells or mesophyll cells does not have a predominant direct role in the opening or closure of stomata in Arabidopsis. The exact mechanism of phytochromes in blue- and red-light-mediated stomatal opening, and far-red-light-mediated decrease in opening, is still uncertain. The study suggests that phytochromes may indirectly affect stomatal opening through their influence on leaf growth and stomatal development.
Article
Plant Sciences
J. S. Lee
Summary: Stomata open by transporting osmotic materials to the guard cell vacuole. Various channels related to K+ transport and H+ transport enzymes in tonoplast play an essential role in creating an ideal pH condition for metabolisms. Sucrose is suggested to be the most important substance to increase the osmotic pressure of the vacuole, and blue light-induced stomatal openings may reflect the effect of blue light stimulated photosynthesis.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Emmanuel L. Bernardo, Cristina Rodrigues Gabriel Sales, Lucia Arce Cubas, Richard L. Vath, Johannes Kromdijk
Summary: C-4 species exhibit significantly different stomatal responses to environmental cues compared to C-3 species, with a strongly diminished sensitivity to blue light. However, variation in stomatal density and morphology patterns across species does not align with commonly asserted patterns for C-3 and C-4 species.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard M. Bastias, Pasquale Losciale, Camilla Chieco, Luca Corelli-Grappadelli
Summary: The research found that red and blue nets can differentially modulate apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management in field conditions, with blue nets increasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and decreasing intrinsic water use efficiency.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lie Li, Yu-xin Tong, Jun-ling Lu, Yang-mei Li, Xin Liu, Rui-feng Cheng
Summary: The study found that a moderate amount of green light partially replacing red and blue light effectively increased the yield and nutritional quality of lettuce plants. Additionally, plant stem length increased linearly with increasing green-to-blue light ratio, stomatal density increased, and stomatal aperture area decreased with the increase in the relative amount of green light. Carbohydrate accumulation increased under G60 and G90.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Silvere Vialet-Chabrand, Jack S. A. Matthews, Tracy Lawson
Summary: This study found that different species have significant differences in blue light-induced stomatal responses, with increased stomatal conductance reducing photosynthetic limitation but increasing water loss. Additionally, the synergistic effect of blue light and respiration plays an important role in driving rapid stomatal movements, especially when photosynthesis is limited.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shengguan Cai, Yuqing Huang, Fei Chen, Xin Zhang, Emily Sessa, Chenchen Zhao, D. Blaine Marchant, Dawei Xue, Guang Chen, Fei Dai, James H. Leebens-Mack, Guoping Zhang, Sergey Shabala, John M. Christie, Michael R. Blatt, Eviatar Nevo, Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis, Peter J. Franks, Feibo Wu, Zhong-Hua Chen
Summary: The study found that modern ferns have faster stomatal response to blue light, which is linked to specific genes in the blue light signaling pathway. Cryptochromes in the Polypodiales underwent gene duplication events when angiosperms emerged, aiding modern ferns in thriving beneath angiosperm forest canopies.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shunli Wang, Xiaoting Liu, Xiaoning Liu, Jingqi Xue, Xiuxia Ren, Yanning Zhai, Xiuxin Zhang
Summary: The optimal red and blue light intensity significantly impacts the growth and flowering quality of ornamental plants. In the early growth phase of Hippeastrum, a light source with higher blue light intensity promotes growth and flowering.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Vladimir Lysenko, Aleksey Kosolapov, Elena Usova, Margarita Tatosyan, Tatyana Varduny, Pavel Dmitriev, Vishnu Rajput, Vladimir Krasnov, Anastasiya Kunitsina
Summary: The study investigated the oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in cells of a Chlorella vulgaris strain under different photosynthetic photon flux densities and red/blue actinic light. It was observed that red light did not induce oxygen evolution at low and moderate PPFD, while blue light induced significant oxygen evolution even at low PPFD. Additionally, a high chromatic divergence of quantum yield of photosystem II was found between the red and blue measuring light under high PPFD of the red actinic light.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Guanjun Huang, Yuhan Yang, Lele Zhu, Xifeng Ren, Shaobing Peng, Yong Li
Summary: This study suggests a strong correlation between stomatal and leaf structures, and highlights the importance of mesophyll cell size in determining the coordination between stomatal size and mesophyll porosity. The findings also indicate a highly correlated development of stomata and mesophyll cells among different crop species.
Review
Plant Sciences
Yadan Pang, Qiuhong Liao, Honggui Peng, Chun Qian, Fang Wang
Summary: Light quality and intensity regulate plant mesophyll conductance, which is crucial for photosynthetic rate. Both structural and biochemical factors, as well as external environmental factors, influence mesophyll conductance. Understanding the mechanisms of the response of mesophyll conductance to light can guide the optimization of conditions for enhancing photosynthesis in plants.
Review
Plant Sciences
Roxane P. Spiegelhalder, Michael T. Raissig
Summary: The review discusses how stomata constantly open and close to optimize gas exchange, and the enigmatic formation of functional guard cells. It highlights recent findings on the developmental and morphogenetic processes shaping this essential and morphologically diverse cell type in Arabidopsis and grasses.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mauro G. Santos, Phillip A. Davey, Tanja A. Hofmann, Anne Borland, James Hartwell, Tracy Lawson
Summary: The stomatal responses to light intensity and CO2 concentration were found to differ between CAM and C-3 species, with CAM stomata showing unique behaviors in response to darkness and C-3 signals. Guard cell metabolism and mesophyll signals were identified as key factors influencing stomatal responses in both CAM and C-3 plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jun Liu, Marc W. van Iersel
Summary: The study demonstrates that green light has lower photosynthetic efficiency at low light intensity, while it may have higher efficiency at high light intensity compared to red and blue light, due to its more uniform absorption throughout the leaves.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Giedre Samuoliene, Akvile Virsile, Jurga Miliauskiene, Perttu J. Haimi, Kristina Lauzike, Ausra Brazaityte, Pavelas Duchovskis
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of dynamic red and blue light parameters on lettuce physiological responses and key metabolites, as well as the subsequent impact of varying light spectra on nutritive value. The results showed that different light spectra and photoperiods significantly influenced the physiological response of lettuce, with 16-hour photoperiod resulting in higher xanthophyll content. Additionally, varying light intensities under different photoperiods had pronounced effects on leaf gas exchange, xanthophyll content, soluble sugars, and antioxidant properties of lettuce leaves.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Michele Faralli, Luana Bontempo, Pier Luigi Bianchedi, Claudio Moser, Massimo Bertamini, Tracy Lawson, Federica Camin, Marco Stefanini, Claudio Varotto
Summary: Stomatal behavior plays a critical role in leaf thermoregulation and water conservation in grapevine, especially when there are rapid changes in light and vapor pressure deficit.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Andrew J. Simkin, Leepica Kapoor, C. George Priya Doss, Tanja A. Hofmann, Tracy Lawson, Siva Ramamoorthy
Summary: Photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobilins, are essential for efficient light absorption and adaptation to different environments in photosynthetic organisms. They play crucial roles in light harvesting, photoprotection, and deep water colonization.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Eiri Heyno, Maria Ermakova, Patricia E. Lopez-Calcagno, Russell Woodford, Kenny L. Brown, Jack S. A. Matthews, Barry Osmond, Christine A. Raines, Susanne von Caemmerer
Summary: Photosynthesis is fundamental for plant growth and yield. Overexpression of Rieske FeS protein can increase the abundance and activity of cytochrome b(6)f complex, but does not consistently improve electron transport rate and CO2 assimilation rate under different light conditions.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
John D. Stamford, Jim Stevens, Philip M. Mullineaux, Tracy Lawson
Summary: Determining the optimal light spectrum for crop growth can be challenging and varies depending on the crop species and variety. LED lighting allows for greater control over the light spectrum. This article discusses the roles of different spectral regions and their effects on plant growth and crop quality. It also explores how LED lighting can be used to manipulate plant growth and increase crop productivity, while considering the costs associated with different light treatments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shellie Wall, James Cockram, Silvere Vialet-Chabrand, Jeroen Van Rie, Alexander Galle, Tracy Lawson
Summary: The ability of plants to respond to changes in environmental conditions is crucial for their survival and reproductive success. The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration can have a significant impact on crop performance, potentially affecting future food security. This study evaluates the phenotypic variation in wheat relatives and elite bread wheat cultivars, identifying differences in photosynthetic capacity and stomatal responses that could be beneficial for enhancing carbon gain and water use efficiency. Understanding the underlying genetics of these traits will be important for future breeding programs.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Tracy Lawson, Alexandra L. Milliken
Summary: Although leaves are often considered the primary site for photosynthesis, other green nonfoliar tissues also play a significant role in carbon assimilation. Understanding the physiology and contribution of these nonfoliar tissues to overall plant carbon gain has become increasingly important due to the potential improvements it can bring to crop productivity. This review provides an overview of nonfoliar photosynthesis, including the role of stomata in these tissues and the quantification methods used to determine their contribution to overall carbon assimilation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Camila M. Zanella, Marilena Rotondo, Charlie McCormick-Barnes, Greg Mellers, Beatrice Corsi, Simon Berry, Giulia Ciccone, Rob Day, Michele Faralli, Alexander Galle, Keith A. Gardner, John Jacobs, Eric S. Ober, Ana Sanchez del Rio, Jeroen Van Rie, Tracy Lawson, James Cockram
Summary: The wheat flag leaf plays a crucial role in providing photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. This study investigated the genetic architecture of flag leaf traits in European wheat and identified multiple loci responsible for these traits. A specific genetic locus, FLL5A, was found to increase flag and second leaf length, as well as leaf angle, resulting in larger leaf area. The increased length was associated with changes in cell size and stomatal morphology, suggesting trade-offs between leaf size and stomatal function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taiyu Chen, Saba Riaz, Philip Davey, Ziyu Zhao, Yaqi Sun, Gregory F. Dykes, Fei Zhou, James Hartwell, Tracy Lawson, Peter J. Nixon, Yongjun Lin, Lu-Ning Liu
Summary: Researchers have successfully replaced plant Rubisco with a faster Rubisco in tobacco chloroplasts, resulting in a higher carboxylation rate and similar growth rate of transgenic plants compared to the wild-type under 1% CO2 concentration. This study represents a step towards engineering a fast and highly active Rubisco in chloroplasts to improve crop photosynthesis and growth.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
John D. Stamford, Silvere Vialet-Chabrand, Iain Cameron, Tracy Lawson
Summary: We propose a method for NDVI imaging using a dual camera system connected to a Raspberry Pi, called NDVIpi. The system calibrates images using spectral reference targets and calculates NDVI with improved accuracy compared to systems using single references. NDVIpi showed strong performance in measuring leaf NDVI and had a comparable performance to a more expensive commercial camera (Micasense RedEdge), while exhibiting greater sensitivity to changes in chlorophyll content.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taiyu Chen, Marta Hojka, Philip Davey, Yaqi Sun, Gregory F. Dykes, Fei Zhou, Tracy Lawson, Peter J. Nixon, Yongjun Lin, Lu-Ning Liu
Summary: Engineering carboxysomes into crop chloroplasts can enhance photosynthesis and crop yield. The authors successfully engineered functional CO2-fixing modules into tobacco chloroplasts, improving photosynthesis and productivity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Nicholas H. Doddrell, Tracy Lawson, Christine A. Raines, Carol Wagstaff, Andrew J. Simkin
Summary: Several long-term studies have shown that growing crops under elevated CO2 can increase photosynthesis and lead to higher yield, flavor, and nutritional content. For example, tomatoes grown at 1000 ppm CO2 have shown yield increases of up to 80%, which is consistent with industry practices. This review focuses on evaluating the impact of elevated CO2 on fruit yield and nutritional quality over 50 years, and suggests the need for engineering improvements to optimize plant growth under high CO2 conditions.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
John N. Ferguson, Tamanna Jithesh, Tracy Lawson, Johannes Kromdijk
Summary: Photosynthesis is an important target for crop improvement, but phenotyping photosynthesis in field-grown crops is challenging. Previous studies have attempted to overcome this challenge by phenotyping excised leaf material in the lab, but the representative nature of these measurements compared to attached leaves has not been demonstrated. In this study, we found limited but important differences in photosynthetic traits between excised and attached leaves in tomato, barley, and maize.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Rafael S. Freitas, Leonardo A. Oliveira, Scott A. M. McAdam, Tracy Lawson, Fabio M. DaMatta, Amanda A. Cardoso
Summary: Stomata play a crucial role in regulating gas exchange in leaves. In this study, we investigated the response of stomatal kinetics to shading conditions in three woody plant species. While intense shading conditions promoted high levels of plasticity in hydraulic, anatomical, and gas exchange traits, stomatal speed showed low phenotypic plasticity and appeared to be under stronger genetic regulation. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic factors in determining stomatal speed.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiayu Zhang, Elias Kaiser, Leo F. M. Marcelis, Silvere Vialet-Chabrand
Summary: This study developed a method and protocols using a thermal camera to derive absorbed irradiance at any visible part of a canopy, providing a new approach for interpreting plant responses derived from imaging techniques.