Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Severi Luoto, Marco Antonio Correa Varella
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to global turmoil, with differences in policies implemented by political leaders varying based on sex. Female leaders emphasize minimizing human suffering, while male leaders focus on short-term economic consequences and risk-taking. These sex differences are rooted in evolutionary processes and the sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisabeth C. McGowan, Julie A. Hofheimer, T. Michael O'Shea, Howard Kilbride, Brian S. Carter, Jennifer Check, Jennifer Helderman, Charles R. Neal, Steve Pastyrnak, Lynne M. Smith, Marie Camerota, Lynne M. Dansereau, Sheri A. Della Grotta, Barry M. Lester
Summary: This study found that high-risk neonatal neurobehavioral patterns at NICU discharge were associated with adverse cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes at 2 years.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giovanni Boscarino, Maria Di Chiara, Raffaella Cellitti, Maria Chiara De Nardo, Maria Giulia Conti, Pasquale Parisi, Alberto Spalice, Chiara Di Mario, Benedetta Ronchi, Alessia Russo, Francesca De Luca, Ida Pangallo, Gianluca Terrin
Summary: The mode of early energy intake in preterm newborns has different effects on cerebral growth. High energy intake administered through enteral nutrition is positively correlated with cerebral growth, while parenteral nutrition energy intake results in poorer cerebral growth evaluated with cranial Ultrasonography.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nikoletta Lis, Demetris Lamnisos, Aikaterini Bograkou-Tzanetakou, Elena Hadjimbei, Irene P. Tzanetakou
Summary: Preterm birth is a global epidemic and factors such as maternal nutrition and placental-infant TL influence the risk of PTB. Maternal nutrition affects PTB risk through its influence on maternal TL. PTB also independently affects TL regulation in offspring. However, the strength of these associations and the influence of other factors remain unclear. Whether maternal TL is simply a biomarker of maternal nutrition status and PTB risk or a causative factor of PTB is yet to be determined.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert D. D. Roghair, Tarah T. T. Colaizy, Baiba Steinbrekera, Reka A. Vass, Erica Hsu, Daniel Dagle, Trassanee Chatmethakul
Summary: Leptin deficiency in preterm infants is associated with adverse cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Supplementation of leptin can improve developmental assessment scores, particularly in males. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of neonatal leptin supplementation on long-term outcomes in preterm infants.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Long T. Nguyen, Carol A. Pollock, Sonia Saad
Summary: The developmental programming hypothesis suggests that adverse environmental insults during critical developmental periods increase the risk of diseases in later life. Kidneys are susceptible to such insults, particularly due to peri-gestational nutrition, which affects kidney development and metabolism. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic changes as potential novel pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xi Chen, Xiaoli Zhang, Wenhua Li, Wendong Li, Yong Wang, Shan Zhang, Changlian Zhu
Summary: Preterm births with different etiologies are associated with varying neonatal complications, but no differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed at 12 months of corrected age.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Noa Ofek Shlomai, Brian Reichman, Inna Zaslavsky-Paltiel, Liat Lerner-Geva, Smadar Eventov-Friedman
Summary: This study aimed to assess postnatal growth in infants with and without major neonatal morbidities. The results showed that despite advances in neonatal care, postnatal growth remains a challenge in very low birth weight infants, particularly those with major neonatal morbidities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Chin Lien, Zhe Zhang, Yi Cheng, Erzsebet Polyak, Laura Sillers, Marni J. Falk, Harry Ischiropoulos, Samuel Parry, Rebecca A. Simmons
Summary: This study identified significant genomic alterations in SPTB placentas, with more gene expression changes found in male SPTB placentas. These alterations may contribute to abnormalities in placental energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and detoxification, leading to placental dysfunction in SPTB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew W. Manigault, Stephen J. Sheinkopf, Brian S. Carter, Jennifer Check, Jennifer Helderman, Julie A. Hofheimer, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Charles R. Neal, Michael O'Shea, Steven Pastyrnak, Lynne M. Smith, Todd M. Everson, Carmen J. Marsit, Lynne M. Dansereau, Sheri A. DellaGrotta, Barry M. Lester
Summary: This study examined the association between acoustic cry characteristics at neonatal intensive care unit discharge and behavioral and developmental outcomes at age 2 years in very preterm infants. The findings suggest that acoustic cry characteristics are associated with developmental and behavioral outcomes at age 2 years. Therefore, acoustic cry characteristics may be used for early identification of risk for long-term developmental and behavioral deficits in children.
Article
Pediatrics
Luigi Gagliardi, Franca Rusconi, Brian Reichman, Mark Adams, Neena Modi, Liisa Lehtonen, Satoshi Kusuda, Maximo Vento, Brian A. Darlow, Dirk Bassler, Tetsuya Isayama, Mikael Norman, Stellan Hakansson, Shoo K. Lee, Kei Lui, Junmin Yang, Prakeshkumar Shah
Summary: Research shows that in extremely preterm twins, girls have lower risks than boys, and opposite-sex twins have lower risks than same-sex twins.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lynne A. Kelly, Aoife Branagan, Gergana Semova, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: Neonatal brain injury and associated inflammation are more common in males. Neurodevelopmental differences exist between males and females, with males having a higher incidence of developmental delay and learning difficulties. The underlying reasons for these sex differences may include genetic, immunological, and hormonal factors, but research on neonatal immune response is limited.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Avinash S. Patil, Chad A. Grotegut, Nilesh W. Gaikwad, Shelley D. Dowden, David M. Haas
Summary: Plasma levels of DOC and 16 alpha-OHP in early gestation, combined with patient demographic and clinical data, can predict significant neonatal morbidity, neonatal length of stay, and the risk for very preterm delivery. Validation studies are needed to confirm these findings. Early identification of pregnancies at risk for preterm delivery and neonatal morbidity can lead to timely multidisciplinary care and improved perinatal outcomes.
Article
Pediatrics
Henni Hiltunen, Maria Carmen Collado, Helena Ollila, Terhi Kolari, Satu Tolkko, Erika Isolauri, Seppo Salminen, Samuli Rautava
Summary: The gut microbiota in preterm neonates differs from those born full term. Spontaneous preterm birth is reflected in changes in the gut microbiota composition of both preterm neonates and their mothers. The maternal gut microbiota plays a more significant role in determining the initial neonatal gut colonization after spontaneous preterm delivery than iatrogenic preterm delivery.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Diane Korb, Francois Goffinet, Loic Sentilhes, Gilles Kayem, Marie Victoire Senat, Elie Azria, Thomas Schmitz
Summary: This study assessed the survival of very preterm twins to discharge without severe neonatal morbidity based on the planned mode of delivery. The results showed that planned cesarean delivery was not associated with higher survival rates compared to planned vaginal delivery. This suggests that very preterm delivery should not automatically be an indication for planned cesarean in twin pregnancies.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Aakash B. Rajay, Jane E. Harding
Summary: There is wide variation in guideline recommendations for the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia across New Zealand and Australian neonatal units, including differences in diagnostic thresholds, monitoring methods, and treatment protocols.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olivia J. Hofer, Jane E. Harding, Thach Tran, Caroline A. Crowther
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether there were differences in maternal, infant, and childhood health outcomes between the use of dexamethasone or betamethasone as a repeat antenatal corticosteroid for women at risk of preterm birth after an initial course. The results showed that there were no significant differences in health outcomes between the two groups.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luling Lin, Greg D. Gamble, Caroline A. Crowther, Frank H. Bloomfield, Massimo Agosti, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Augusto Biasini, Nicholas D. Embleton, Fernando Lamy Filho, Christoph Fusch, Maria L. Gianni, Hayriye Goezde Kanmaz Kutman, Winston Koo, Ita Litmanovitz, Colin Morgan, Kanya Mukhopadhyay, Erica Neri, Jean-Charles Picaud, Niels Rochow, Paola Roggero, Kenneth Stroemmen, Maw J. Tan, Francesco M. Tandoi, Claire L. Wood, Gitte Zachariassen, Jane E. Harding
Summary: Neonatal nutritional supplements may improve early growth for infants born small, but the effects on long-term growth are uncertain and may vary by sex. These supplements can increase length and bone mineral content in infancy, but do not affect BMI in childhood. Supplementation can enhance height z-score in male toddlers, but not in females.
Article
Neuroimaging
Samson Nivins, Eleanor Kennedy, Benjamin Thompson, Gregory D. Gamble, Jane M. Alsweiler, Russell Metcalfe, Christopher J. D. McKinlay, Jane E. Harding
Summary: The study found that neonatal hypoglycaemia is associated with smaller deep grey matter brain regions and thinner occipital lobe cortex, but does not alter white matter microstructure.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nike Franke, Jennifer Rogers, Trecia Wouldes, Kim Ward, Gavin Brown, Monique Jonas, Peter Keegan, Jane Harding
Summary: This pilot study explored parents' perspectives on long-term studies in a multicultural New Zealand context. The parents generally reported satisfaction with the outcomes measured and expressed interest in lifelong goals, such as the impact of parental diabetes. The study identified facilitators, barriers, and benefits of research participation, and suggested improvements for current follow-up studies.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sara T. Mustafa, Jane E. Harding, Clare R. Wall, Caroline A. Crowther
Summary: Adherence to dietary recommendations for women with GDM likely improves health outcomes, such as reducing medication use and adverse postpartum complications, and increasing breastfeeding.
Article
Pediatrics
Deborah L. Harris, Greg D. Gamble, Jane E. Harding
Summary: Treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia with dextrose gel does not increase the rate of neurosensory impairment, but further assessment of visual processing and growth may be warranted.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Esther Calje, Joy Marriott, Charlotte Oyston, Lesley Dixon, Frank Bloomfield, Katie Groom
Summary: This study reports the incidence of postpartum anaemia in three district health board regions in New Zealand and describes the current management of moderate to severe postpartum anaemia, including differences among different ethnicities.
AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan Jim San Diego, Nike Franke, Jane Elizabeth Harding, Trecia Ann Wouldes
Summary: Executive function is an important neurocognitive process for self-regulation of behavior and acquisition of social and cognitive competencies. While there are valid measures for adult and adolescent executive function, there is a lack of valid measures for preschool children. This study evaluated the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in New Zealand Maori and European parents of children with neonatal hypoglycemia. The results showed that the BRIEF-P is a highly reliable and valid instrument.
CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Anthony G. B. Walters, Luling Lin, Caroline A. Crowther, Greg D. Gamble, Stuart R. Dalziel, Jane E. Harding
Summary: The objective of this study was to present the complete results of the first randomized trial of antenatal corticosteroids conducted 50 years ago using modern analysis and reporting methods. The results showed that antenatal betamethasone administered to women at risk of preterm birth between 24 and less than 37 weeks of gestation significantly reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, with greater efficacy in male infants than female infants. Doubling the dose of betamethasone does not provide additional benefit.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Sophie L. St Clair, Darren W. T. Dai, Deborah L. Harris, Gregory D. Gamble, Christopher J. D. McKinlay, Samson Nivins, Rajesh K. Shah, Benjamin Thompson, Jane E. Harding
Summary: In the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia, dextrose gel is safe and effective, but at 9-10 years old, children in the dextrose gel group had slightly lower visual perception abilities compared to the placebo group.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Robyn W. May, Gonzalo Maso D. Talou, Alys R. Clark, Jonathan P. Mynard, Joseph J. Smolich, Pablo J. Blanco, Lucas O. Mueller, Thomas L. Gentles, Frank H. Bloomfield, Soroush Safaei
Summary: Computational modeling is widely used in the study of cardiovascular hemodynamics for medical research and improving the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most existing cardiovascular models focus on the adult circulatory system, but the perinatal period is unique as cardiovascular physiology undergoes significant changes. This review discusses computational models of the cardiovascular system in early life, their applications, and proposes a roadmap for developing an open-source model spanning fetal, perinatal, and postnatal periods.
WIRES MECHANISMS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Meiliana Meiliana, Tanith Alexander, Frank H. Bloomfield, Barbara E. Cormack, Jane E. Harding, Orla Walsh, Luling Lin
Summary: There is currently a lack of high-quality and consistent nutrition guidelines for preterm infants, which leads to substantial variation in practice.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mukhit Kulmaganbetov, Myra Leung, Jane M. Alsweiler, Joanna Black, Frank H. Bloomfield, Greg D. Gamble, Jane E. Harding, Yannan Jiang, Tanya Poppe, Anna C. Tottman, Trecia A. Wouldes, Benjamin Thompson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of increased protein intake on ophthalmic and visual development in school-age children born very preterm. The results showed that there were subtle and complex associations between early neonatal nutrition and visual development at school age.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Nike Franke, Trecia Ann Wouldes, Gavin Thomas Lumsden Brown, Kim Ward, Jenny Rogers, Jane E. Harding
Summary: This study explores the views of young adults on their participation in medical research during childhood, specifically focusing on the acceptability of consent and their priorities regarding health, development, and well-being as potential trial outcomes. The findings indicate that participants were comfortable with their parents giving consent on their behalf, but highlighted the challenges of obtaining autonomous child assent. They generally expressed satisfaction with the outcomes investigated in the follow-up studies, while also suggesting additional outcomes of interest such as mental health and learning disabilities.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)