Article
Entomology
Cody Prouty, Paola Barriga, Andrew K. Davis, Vera Krischik, Sonia Altizer
Summary: Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides in North America, with studies showing negative effects on bees. Monarch butterflies, known for their long-distance migrations, were found to be negatively impacted by neonicotinoids, with effects dependent on the milkweed species they feed on. Results suggest that monarchs can tolerate low neonicotinoid doses, but experience detrimental effects at higher doses, influenced by the type of milkweed host plant. This study highlights the potential role of host plant species in reducing insecticide residue and calls for further investigation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alma N. Carvajal N. Acosta, Anurag A. Agrawal, Kailen Mooney
Summary: The response of herbivorous insects to plant drought stress varies greatly among plant species and insect feeding guilds. Plant trait values associated with adaptation to arid environments can have positive effects on the survival of monarch butterflies, while having no effect on oleander aphids. Drought-induced changes in plant quality are negatively correlated with the survival of both herbivores. These findings highlight the importance of plant traits in determining the impact of drought on insect herbivores.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Anurag A. Agrawal, Amy P. Hastings, Christophe Duplais
Summary: This study found that monarch butterflies preferentially sequester compounds that are less toxic to themselves but still toxic to their enemies, reducing self-harm while maintaining protection from predators.
Article
Ecology
Leslie E. Decker, Christopher S. Jeffrey, Kaitlin M. Ochsenrider, Abigail S. Potts, Jacobus C. de Roode, Angela M. Smilanich, Mark D. Hunter
Summary: Animals rely on a balance of endogenous and exogenous sources of immunity to mitigate parasite attack, which is increasingly urgent to understand under rapid environmental change. In herbivores, immunity is influenced by environmental conditions, such as the consumption of plants with toxic steroids providing external immunity. Changes in milkweed phytochemistry induced by elevated CO2 alter the balance between exogenous and endogenous immunity sources, potentially leading to a shift in immune function under future atmospheric conditions.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anurag A. Agrawal, Katalin Boroczky, Meena Haribal, Amy P. Hastings, Ronald A. White, Ren-Wang Jiang, Christophe Duplais
Summary: Highly specialized insect herbivores can use plant chemical defenses as cues for oviposition and sequestration. Research has shown that variation in milkweed toxins can negatively impact the growth and sequestration of monarch butterflies, highlighting the evolution of novel plant defenses and the specific nature of plant defense mechanisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Amanda E. Martin, Greg W. Mitchell, Judith M. Girard, Lenore Fahrig
Summary: Research indicates that altering the landscape in agricultural regions, including reducing crop field sizes and increasing the cover of annual crops, can benefit milkweed populations. However, the effects of landscape-scale alterations on milkweed were found to be larger than those of within-field farming practices. Additionally, most variables had opposite effects on milkweed relative to other plants, suggesting that promoting milkweed abundance does not necessarily lead to an increase in overall weed cover.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Nick L. Rasmussen, Louie H. Yang
Summary: Phenological shifts can have persistent and qualitatively different effects on different life stages of plants, with early and late-season herbivory having different impacts on plant growth and reproduction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernadette M. Mach, William Long, Jaret C. Daniels, Adam G. Dale
Summary: Anthropogenic disturbance is causing global biodiversity loss, affecting the monarch butterfly which relies on milkweed. Planting ornamental milkweed in urban landscapes seems beneficial for the conservation of monarch butterflies. However, sap-feeding insect herbivores, such as the oleander aphid, can negatively impact monarch conservation efforts by reducing plant quality and triggering plant defenses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernadette M. Mach, William Long, Jaret C. Daniels, Adam G. Dale
Summary: Anthropogenic disturbance is causing global biodiversity loss, including the specialized monarch butterfly. In response, ornamental milkweed plantings are becoming more common in urban landscapes and have been shown to have conservation value for monarch butterflies. However, sap-feeding insect herbivores, such as the oleander aphid, often reach high densities on these plants. Aphid-infested milkweed may hinder monarch conservation efforts by reducing host plant quality and inducing plant defenses.
Article
Ecology
A. Nalleli Carvajal Acosta, Kailen Mooney
Summary: Species distributions are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, with the availability and quality of critical resources playing a crucial role. Modeling species current distributions and responses to climate change requires understanding the relative importance of factors like abiotic environment, resource availability, and resource quality. In the case of western monarch butterflies, host plant availability was found to be a key factor in predicting future distribution, while variations in host plant quality had a lesser impact.
Article
Ecology
Samantha M. Knight, D. T. Tyler Flockhart, Rachael Derbyshire, Mark G. Bosco, D. Ryan Norris
Summary: The study suggests that neonicotinoid insecticides may have negative effects on the egg-laying and larval survival of monarch butterflies. Milkweed near neonicotinoid-treated crops is more likely to be preferred by monarch butterflies. However, monarch butterflies do not actively select plots with fewer arthropods for oviposition.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Danielle. M. M. Ethier, Greg. W. W. Mitchell
Summary: The study investigated the long-term trends in fall migration phenology of monarch butterflies in Ontario, Canada and the local long-term trends in weather covariates. The results showed that monarch migration timing and weather covariates have been consistent over time, contradicting a similar study in Cape May, New Jersey.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Rose A. McGruddy, Matthew W. F. Howse, John Haywood, Chrissie J. I. Ward, Tony B. Staufer, Mary Hayek-Williams, Richard J. Toft, Philip J. Lester
Summary: The study found that the invasive paper wasp has led to substantial declines in local butterfly populations in New Zealand, with the monarch butterfly being particularly affected. Field experiments demonstrated the strong predation pressure exerted by the wasp on monarch caterpillars, as well as the cascading effects on milkweed plants. The presence of the invasive predator was found to initiate a trophic cascade, positively affecting the fitness of milkweed plants.
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Sydney M. Gilmour, Heather M. Kharouba
Summary: Climate change-induced phenological asynchrony between monarch butterflies and milkweed may not negatively affect larval performance, according to a field study in Canada.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jay E. Diffendorfer, Ryan G. Drum, Greg W. Mitchell, Eduardo Rendon-Salinas, Victor Sanchez-Cordero, Darius J. Semmens, Wayne E. Thogmartin, Ignacio J. March
Summary: This paper discusses the elements and successful practices of interdisciplinary teams in addressing complex conservation issues caused by various social and environmental factors, with a focus on the conservation science of the monarch butterfly in North America.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Aleix Valls, Katherine Kral-O'Brien, James Kopco, Jason P. Harmon
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Anthony R. Ives, Brandon T. Barton, Rachel M. Penczykowski, Jason P. Harmon, Kyungsun L. Kim, Kerry Oliver, Volker C. Radeloff
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2020)
Review
Entomology
Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Peter L. O'Brien, Torre J. Hovick, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: Global biodiversity declines are often caused by landscape fragmentation and vegetation homogenization. Intensification of management in agroecosystems can further exacerbate these patterns. Increasing plant species richness through management changes can lead to higher pollinator species richness, but the importance of plant selection in management decisions aiming to improve pollinator richness cannot be ignored.
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Adrienne K. Antonsen, Torre J. Hovick, Ryan F. Limb, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: The study found that area surveys detected more butterfly individuals, but both methods accumulated new species at similar rates. Additionally, increasing transect width significantly improved the detection of butterfly individuals and species diversity.
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Adrienne K. Antonsen, Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Torre J. Hovick, Ryan F. Limb, Benjamin A. Geaumont, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: The study conducted in North Dakota found that milkweeds, native thistles, and blazing stars are important nectar resources for monarchs and regal fritillaries, with unique spatiotemporal distributions. The abundance of monarchs was positively correlated with the availability of flowering milkweeds, while the abundance of regal fritillaries was positively correlated with the floral availability of native thistles and coneflowers. These relationships were consistent across the spatial and temporal extent of the study, indicating the persistence of butterfly-flower interactions at large scales.
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Entomology
Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Torre J. Hovick, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: Previous studies have shown that bee visitation benefits yields of pollinator-independent crops, but whether these crops benefit bees has not been extensively researched. Research found that pollinator-independent crops provide a low percentage of pollen in general, but certain crops like Brassica napus and Glycine max can provide sufficient protein and essential amino acids for bees. Bees require access to semi-natural landscapes within diverse cropping systems to improve health and reproduction.
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jasmine Cutter, Benjamin Geaumont, Devan McGranahan, Jason Harmon, Ryan Limb, Chris Schauer, Torre Hovick
Summary: The study found that floral abundance, richness, diversity, as well as bee richness and abundance were significantly higher in cattle pastures compared to sheep pastures. Native bee abundance and richness were best explained by models that included an interaction of floral richness and year. Season-long sheep grazing in low-diversity grasslands greatly reduces available floral resources and correlates with much lower bee abundance and diversity.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: Insect conservation relies on incorporating behavior into management, and dispersal behavior is a key factor in this. However, the complexity of dispersal behavior makes it challenging to include in conservation management. By studying individual species' responses to their environment and the process of dispersal, it may be possible to more effectively incorporate dispersal behavior into conservation efforts.
CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
C. K. Pei, Torre J. Hovick, Cameron A. Duquette, Ryan F. Limb, Jason P. Harmon, Benjamin A. Geaumont
Summary: The study compared two bee-sampling methods, netting and bee bowl, in capturing taxonomic and functional trait representation of bee communities. It found that bee bowls captured more solitary and small-bodied bees while netting method selected a greater representation of generalist, social, and large-bodied taxa. Moreover, netting method captured more varied samples and showed an opposite trend with increasing floral resource availability compared to bee bowls.
JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jasmine Cutter, Torre Hovick, Devan McGranahan, Jason Harmon, Ryan Limb, Jonathan Spiess, Benjamin Geaumont
Summary: Land-use and land-cover change associated with agriculture is a major driver of biodiversity loss. This study compared the effects of sheep and cattle grazing on floral resources and butterfly abundance. The results showed that cattle pastures had higher flowering species richness and abundance, as well as greater butterfly diversity, compared to sheep pastures.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Cameron A. Duquette, Torre J. Hovick, Benjamin A. Geaumont, Jason P. Harmon, Ryan F. Limb, Kevin K. Sedivec
Summary: Grasslands are important floral resources for pollinators, but are under threat from non-native plant invasions and changes in disturbance regimes. This study found that rotational fire and cattle grazing can enhance grassland floral resources.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Cameron A. Duquette, Torre J. Hovick, Benjamin A. Geaumont, Jason P. Harmon, Ryan F. Limb, Kevin K. Sedivec
Summary: Rangeland simplification poses a global threat to biodiversity. The vegetation structure of rangelands was historically diverse due to the interactions between topoedaphic and disturbance factors. However, these interactive sources of heterogeneity have been overlooked in rangeland management and study until recently. Our research suggests that both inherent and imposed heterogeneity play important roles in shaping grassland bird abundance, diversity, and community composition.
Review
Ecology
Katherine C. Kral-O'Brien, Bethany Roberton, Cameron A. Duquette, Torre J. Hovick, Jason P. Harmon
Summary: Globally, large herbivores graze on billions of hectares of land and these lands can also be used to conserve pollinators. However, maximizing ecosystem services provided in these areas is often challenging. To improve our ability to support multiple ecosystem services in grazing lands, a literature review was conducted to investigate the indirect effects of large herbivores on pollinators. The review found that a majority of studies focused on resource abundance and availability, indicating a need for more research on the mechanisms through which large herbivores impact pollinators.
ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
C. K. Pei, Torre J. Hovick, Ryan F. Limb, Jason P. Harmon, Benjamin A. Geaumont
Summary: Anthropogenic pressures have led to changes in native ecosystems, creating novel ecosystems with interactions between native and exotic species. Understanding how native species utilize these resources is crucial for their management and the promotion of essential ecosystem services.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Alfonso Balmori
Summary: This article discusses the potential negative effects of radio tagging on wild animals. While it is a valuable technique for gathering information, it is important to be aware of and study the possible issues it may cause to ensure the well-being of the animals.
JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION
(2024)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
D. F. Castillo, N. C. Caruso
Summary: Understanding the distribution and ecological niche of hog-nosed skunks is crucial for their conservation. This study used species occurrence records and environmental variables to estimate suitable areas and key factors influencing their distribution. The results showed that temperature and tree presence are important variables. Additionally, areas of high habitat suitability for hog-nosed skunks are underrepresented in protected areas.
JOURNAL FOR NATURE CONSERVATION
(2024)