Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Y. B. Yang, Hao Xu, Z. L. Wang, K. Shi, Y. T. Wu
Summary: When using a self-designed single-axle vehicle to detect bridge frequencies, it is important to consider both the rocking and vertical motions, utilize sensors for different responses, and eliminate interference caused by the vehicle's own frequencies.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Tingpeng Zhang, Ziluo Xiong, Jin Zhu, Kaifeng Zheng, Mengxue Wu, Yongle Li
Summary: To ensure the reliability and functionality of bridges, timely inspection is necessary due to structural deterioration caused by environmental and operational effects. This paper presents a novel vehicle scanning method (VSM) for bridge frequency extraction by integrating moving and non-moving vehicles, which improves the extractability of bridge frequencies in vehicle responses and enhances the robustness of the method in noisy real-world environments.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Judy P. P. Yang, Ting-Yu Feng
Summary: An advanced miniature vehicle model is proposed to consider the offset of contact points due to pavement irregularity. Each wheel in the proposed vehicle-bridge system has its own dimension and is assumed to be rigid. A numerical framework is established to determine the unknown parameters of real contact points and contact displacements. The results show that using larger wheels leads to smaller dynamic responses of the bridge and smaller vertical responses of the vehicle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, K. Shi, Zhi-Lu Wang, Hao Xu, Y. T. Wu
Summary: A theory is proposed to retrieve track/bridge frequencies and track modulus using a dual-beam model to simulate the track-bridge system. By analyzing the dual-beam model, the first plus frequency can be found from the contact-point spectrum, allowing for the computation of track modulus.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
H. Xu, C. C. Huang, Z. L. Wang, K. Shi, Y. T. Wu, Y. B. Yang
Summary: The vehicle scanning method uses an instrumented test vehicle to scan the frequencies of bridge vibration, with a proposed realistic theory considering the damping effect of the test vehicle. The improved procedure for the contact point response is reliable for scanning the first few bridge frequencies, outperforming the vehicle response in each scenario studied.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
D. S. Yang, C. M. Wang
Summary: This paper presents an improved Vehicle Scanning Method (VSM) for modal properties identification of bridges, which employs an appropriately tuned elliptic filter and MINE method to enhance accuracy, showing superior performance compared to conventional methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yi He, Judy P. Yang, Zhitao Yan
Summary: This study proposes using two residual contact responses from three-connected moving vehicles to enhance the identification of bridge modal parameters. By back-calculating the contact-point accelerations from the vertical accelerations of three vehicles, the magnitudes of pavement irregularity-related frequencies can be largely reduced in the residual contact responses. The bridge frequencies are identified from the residual contact responses using FFT spectrum analysis, while the damping ratios are estimated using curve fitting and variational mode decomposition techniques.
Article
Engineering, Civil
H. Xu, Y. H. Liu, Z. L. Wang, K. Shi, B. Zhang, Y. B. Yang
Summary: This paper derives a general formula for the contact response of a single-axle, two-mass test vehicle considering the suspension effect, which can be applied to various beam-type bridges. The use of vehicle-bridge contact response can overcome the problem of bridge frequencies being masked by the vehicle's self frequencies. Closed-form solutions for the vehicle's body, wheel, and contact responses are newly derived, treating the test vehicle as a two degree-of-freedom model with suspension effect. The parametric study shows that the proposed formula is more effective for frequency extraction compared to the vehicle response, and the contact response is able to detect the first few frequencies of the bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Songxue Zhao, Xianglei Liu, Runjie Wang
Summary: In this paper, an energy integral model based on extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of bridge abnormality detection using GB-SAR. The model utilizes denoising processes, ESMD decomposition, and instantaneous frequency calculation to enhance the precision of bridge abnormality identification without empirical judgment.
SENSORS AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jian Zhang, Ting-Hua Yi, Chun-Xu Qu, Qiang Han, Ya-Fei Wang, Xiu-Dao Mei
Summary: Bridge inspections using a moving vehicle have been widely studied, but the mode shapes extracted by the vehicle have limited accuracy. This study proposes a method to extract accurate multiorder mode shapes by analyzing the vehicle acceleration envelope. Experimental tests on a model bridge and a field bridge show that the proposed method can accurately extract the mode shapes.
JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ying Zhan, Francis T. K. Au, Jing Zhang
Summary: This paper introduces a method using a moving vehicle to identify bridge mode shapes and to detect damage, effectively reducing the adverse effects of surface roughness. By utilizing a double-pass mass-addition technique, the contact point response difference can be obtained, allowing for accurate extraction of bridge frequencies and mode shapes even in the presence of rough surface. Multiple damage locations can be identified with satisfactory accuracy using wavelet transform and coordinate modal assurance criterion on constructed mode shapes.
STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, X. S. Hu, K. Shi, X. Q. Mo, B. Zhang, Z. L. Wang, H. Xu
Summary: A theoretical framework is proposed for detecting damages in the constituents of track-bridge systems by analyzing the vehicle-rail contact response. The framework includes the modeling of rail and bridge, derivation of closed-form solutions, and adoption of the instantaneous amplitude squared (IAS) as the damage index. Numerical validation confirms the reliability of the technique, and several factors affecting the detection results are identified.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, M. Yang, Ding-Han Liu, Y. H. Liu, H. Xu
Summary: This paper derives a simple formula for calculating the modal damping ratio of a bridge by studying the correlation between the instantaneous amplitudes of the front and rear contact responses of a two-axle test vehicle. The reliability of the derived formula was verified in a numerical study.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, X. Q. Mo, K. Shi, Zhi-Lu Wang, Hao Xu, Y. T. Wu
Summary: Through a parametric study, the proposed approach is verified to be feasible. The conclusions include: (1) the contact response outperforms the vehicle response in all scenarios considered; (2) even for damped bridges with less-than-ideal pavements, the surface roughness effect can be virtually eliminated using residual contact response; (3) a greater eccentricity of the vehicle from the bridge's centerline helps to better identify torsional-flexural frequencies; and (4) the first several flexural and torsional-flexural frequencies of the girder can always be identified for a wide range of parameters considered.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yi He, Judy P. Yang
Summary: This study proposes an efficient method to extract bridge frequencies using the acceleration residual spectrum obtained by the front and rear vehicle-bridge contact points in a two axle vehicle. The numerical results show that this method achieves better resolution of bridge frequencies compared to existing methods, and can clearly extract the first three or four bridge frequencies regardless of different bridge boundary conditions.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
H. Xu, M. H. Wang, Z. L. Wang, D. S. Yang, Y. H. Liu, Y. B. Yang
Summary: This study addresses the issue of unrealistic high-frequency oscillation caused by modeling vehicle wheels as a point on rough pavement. A disk model is proposed to avoid this problem, but it introduces complexity to the vehicle-bridge interaction analysis. A refined roughness formula is developed to account for the wheel size effect, allowing the use of the simpler point model. Two countermeasures, residual response and traffic flows, are suggested to mitigate the masking effect of low-frequency roughness on bridge scanning.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
H. Xu, Y. H. Liu, M. Yang, D. S. Yang, Y. B. Yang
Summary: An effective procedure is proposed for scanning and separating the vertical and torsional-flexural frequencies of thin-walled girder bridges. The technique utilizes a moving single-axle test vehicle and the contact responses between the wheels and the bridge. The results show that the proposed procedure is successful in separating the frequencies even in the presence of pavement roughness, making it useful for field applications.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, Y. H. Liu, D. Z. Guo, J. T. Zhou, Y. Z. Liu, H. Xu
Summary: This study scans the vertical and radial frequencies of a horizontal curved beam for the first time by analyzing the motions of a single-axle test vehicle. The vehicle is considered as a system with two orthogonal degrees of freedom, capturing both vertical and lateral motions. The results show that contact responses are superior in identifying higher bridge frequencies, the radius of curvature significantly affects the radial frequencies of the beam, the eccentricity of the vehicle has little effect on frequency identification, and pavement roughness can be overcome by random traffic without affecting the radial contact response.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. B. Yang, Z. L. Wang, H. Yao, B. Zhang, H. Xu, K. Shi
Summary: This paper proposes an effective technique using the contact residual response generated by a two-axle test vehicle to detect the weak end and frequencies of an elastically supported bridge. The round-trip contact residual response is presented in closed form, which is free of the vehicle's frequency and immune to surface roughness disturbance. A procedure is presented for calculating the contact residual response considering the discrete nature of the field measured data. Numerical study validates the closed-form solution using the finite-element method, showing clear recognition of weak-end amplification and identification of higher-order bridge frequencies using the contact residual response generated by the vehicle moving from the weak end.
JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Y. B. Yang, X. F. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhou, X. L. Wang, Z. Li
Summary: This paper presents the seismic analysis of a half-space containing a water-filled valley under 2D oblique P-and SV-waves using the finite-infinite element (FE-IFE) method. The effect of water-filled valleys on the seismic response is considered through the soil-liquid interface. New findings include the amplification of horizontal acceleration on the near side of the valley under P-waves, the decay of horizontal acceleration under SV-waves, and the less significant effect of overlying water body on vertical acceleration for SV-waves compared to P-waves.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hao Xu, M. Yang, Judy P. Yang, Z. L. Wang, K. Shi, Y. B. Yang
Summary: Dual-function amplifiers are proposed to enhance the capability of a scanning test vehicle for bridges. Closed-form solutions are derived for the dynamic responses, and the amplification factors of the amplifiers and vehicle are presented for assessing the transmissibility. It is concluded that the bridge amplifier performs better in extracting bridge frequencies, the vehicle damper can suppress the effect of vehicle's frequency, and the bridge frequencies can be well detected even for rough pavement.
STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Y. B. Yang, Y. H. Liu, H. Xu
Summary: The contribution of this paper is the first-time recovery of the vertical and radial mode shapes of curved bridges from the contact responses of a single-axle scanning vehicle using the variational mode decomposition (VMD) and syn-chrosqueezed wavelet transform (SWT). The test vehicle is modeled as a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) system to capture both vertical and radial vibrations. Closed-form solutions are derived for the out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations of the curved beam, and a unified formula is derived for calculating the vertical and radial contact responses. The VMD and SWT techniques are employed to process the contact responses and generate the mode shapes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Der-Shen Yang, Qianhui Zhang, Hao Xu, Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsil, Wenhui Duan
Summary: This paper proposes a new convolution method to tackle the disk effect of the vehicle's wheel when encountering road surface roughness. The method can simulate the wheel geometry and filter out smaller oscillations using a designed periphery function. Experimental results show that the proposed method matches the theoretical results in both the spatial domain and the power spectral density. Understanding the disk effect is important for vehicle design, road surface roughness extraction, and bridge health monitoring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Y. B. Yang, Z. Li, Z. L. Wang, Z. Liu, Z. Y. Zhou, D. Z. Guo, H. Xu
Summary: A novel method is proposed to simultaneously identify the mode shapes and damping ratios of a damped bridge using a single-axle scanning vehicle. The paper introduces a new three-step mode shape correction method that does not require prior knowledge of the bridge damping. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through theoretical studies and field proof, showing accurate determination of modal properties of damped bridges.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
H. Xu, Y. H. Liu, M. Yang, D. S. Yang, Y. B. Yang
Summary: Wavelet transform (WT) is theoretically studied for recovering the bridge mode shapes from a passing two-axle test vehicle by using the correlation between the front and rear contact points. Closed-form solution is derived for the bridge's dynamic response, and the wheel-bridge contact responses are used instead of vehicle responses to avoid masking effect. The WT is employed to obtain the ridges of the bridge component response, and the mode shapes are retrieved based on the correlation between the front and rear contact points. Conclusions include the effectiveness of contact responses for frequency extraction, successful use of WT for constructing bridge mode shapes, robustness of proposed procedures for calculating contact responses and recovering mode shapes, and good performance even in the presence of pavement roughness with traffic.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Y. B. Yang, Jie Li, Z. L. Wang, Q. Q. Nie, Z. Y. Zhou, Qing Liu
Summary: In this paper, an enhanced mixed 2.5D boundary for treating infinite domains of the half-space is proposed. The fixed outer boundary of the perfectly matched layer (PML) is replaced by infinite elements (IFE), allowing uninterrupted wave propagation to infinity. This approach improves the absorption capacity of the PML and reduces its dependence on the attenuation function. The proposed boundary is formulated in stretched coordinates, with criteria for selecting reference wavenumbers for different types of waves. A comprehensive parametric study demonstrates the superiority of the proposed boundary over pure PML and IFE.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
H. Xu, Y. H. Liu, D. S. Yang, H. Zhang, Y. B. Yang
Summary: The contribution of this paper is the separation and detection of the vertical and torsional-flexural mode shapes of thin-walled girders from contact responses of a single-axle test vehicle. Closed-form solutions are derived for the vibrations of a mono-symmetric beam, and the wavelet transform is used to recover the mode shapes. The study shows that the proposed method is robust and can detect more modal properties from the contact responses compared to vehicle responses.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. Z. Liu, Y. B. Yang, X. H. Liu, D. Z. Guo, H. Xu
Summary: This paper proposes a new theory for considering the warping-distortion coupling problem in frames and curved beams. By introducing symmetric and anti-symmetric distortion modes and expanding the degrees of freedom, the paper successfully solves the transformation problem of connected elements' degrees of freedom. The exemplar studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in various conditions.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2024)
