Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jibran A. Wali, David Raubenheimer, Alistair M. Senior, David G. Le Couteur, Stephen J. Simpson
Summary: Carbohydrates are a major source of energy in the diet, but their role in health and disease is controversial. Restricting carbohydrate intake can lead to weight loss and improved glycemic status. Populations with healthy and long lifespan like Okinawans have high-carbohydrate and low-protein diets, while low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets may increase mortality risk.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalie C. Palavra, Michal Lubomski, Victoria M. Flood, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
Summary: The study found that compared to healthy controls, Parkinson's Disease patients consume more total carbohydrates and sugars. PD patients who experience chronic pain, depression, or impulse control disorders consumed more sugars, and increased sugar consumption was associated with worsening non-motor symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Djesia Arnone, Caroline Chabot, Anne-Charlotte Heba, Tunay Kokten, Benedicte Caron, Franck Hansmannel, Natacha Dreumont, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Didier Quilliot, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Summary: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to the rising incidence of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. It can disrupt the intestinal barrier and increase susceptibility to infections.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tim Podlogar, Bonnie Free, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The study examined the effects of delayed carbohydrate feeding on fat oxidation rates and exercise performance. Results showed that delayed carbohydrate feeding did not suppress fat oxidation and maintained exercise performance, indicating it may be a strategy to sustain high fat oxidation rates typically associated with exercise undertaken after sleep-low training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Peter Whalley, Carl Paton, Chey G. Dearing
Summary: This study compared the urine caffeine metabolites produced from different forms of caffeine supplementation given to runners and found that oral swallowed caffeine administered in tablet form resulted in less metabolization compared to chewed or dissolved forms. The metabolism of caffeine to paraxanthine was inversely related to perceived exertion independently of the mode of caffeine delivery.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Danielle E. Haslam, Gina M. Peloso, Melanie Guirette, Fumiaki Imamura, Traci M. Bartz, Achilleas N. Pitsillides, Carol A. Wang, Ruifang Li-Gao, Jason M. Westra, Niina Pitkanen, Kristin L. Young, Mariaelisa Graff, Alexis C. Wood, Kim V. E. Braun, Jian'an Luan, Mika Kahonen, Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong, Mohsen Ghanbari, Nathan Tintle, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Kari North, Mika Helminen, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Linda Snetselaar, Lisa W. Martin, Jorma S. Viikari, Wendy H. Oddy, Craig E. Pennell, Frits R. Rosendall, M. Arfan Ikram, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Bruce M. Psaty, Dariush Mozaffarian, Jerome Rotter, Kent D. Taylor, Terho Lehtimaki, Olli T. Raitakari, Kara A. Livingston, Trudy Voortman, Nita G. Forouhi, Nick J. Wareham, Renee de Mutsert, Steven S. Rich, JoAnn E. Manson, Samia Mora, Paul M. Ridker, Jordi Merino, James B. Meigs, Hassan S. Dashti, Daniel Chasman, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Caren E. Smith, Josee Dupuis, Mark A. Herman, Nicola M. McKeown
Summary: Genetic variants in the CHREBP locus were found to potentially affect the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and HDL-C and triglyceride concentrations.
CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Meri M. Salokannel, Oona-Mari Hakulinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether periodising carbohydrate intake around specific training sessions will enhance endurance training adaptations. The results showed that periodised carbohydrate availability did not have any effect on substrate oxidation, but it seemed to enhance the capacity to perform high-intensity exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simone Savino, Marco W. Fraaije
Summary: Carbohydrate oxidases are important enzymes in biotechnological applications, showcasing specificity and selectivity. Through engineering, these enzymes can be further enhanced for use in biocatalysis and biotechnology. Researchers have exploited carbohydrate oxidases for various practical applications.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Oliver J. Odell, Samuel G. Impey, Brandon J. Shad, Tim Podlogar, Rafael B. Salgueiro, David S. Rowlands, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The coingestion of glucose and galactose does not enhance the oxidation of galactose during exercise. The combined ingestion of isoenergetic galactose-glucose provides similar exogenous carbohydrate oxidation to glucose during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Francisco Javier Martinez-Noguera, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Cristian Marin-Pagan
Summary: This study assessed whether an eight-week intake of 2S-hesperidin can improve acid-base and metabolic status in amateur cyclists. The results showed that chronic supplementation with 2S-hesperidin improved the acid-base status and lactate levels in cyclists, enhancing recovery after exercise.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Giulio Goti
Summary: This article discusses the application of catalytic radical methods in the functionalization of unsaturated carbohydrates, highlighting the opportunities they offer for new reaction design. These methods overcome the limitations of classical protocols and provide new routes for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jingye Yang, Qi Han, Qi Liu, Tieying Li, Yongcong Shao, Xuemei Sui, Qirong Wang
Summary: This study examined the effects of carbohydrate drinks intake before or during exercise on cognitive function. The overall results and subgroup analyses indicated that consuming carbohydrate drinks before or during exercise did not significantly reduce the decline in cognitive function after exercise.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna Maria Moitzi, Daniel Koenig
Summary: Nutrition significantly impacts athletic performance, with both nutrient intake during exercise and daily diet adaptation crucial for optimal training results. Long-term endurance training aims to enhance fat oxidation while preserving carbohydrate stores, and manipulating macronutrient intake is a common method to influence substrate metabolism and fuel selection. However, it remains uncertain whether the glycemic index of carbohydrates in our daily diet can improve endurance performance by affecting carbohydrate or fat oxidation during training. This review aims to explore the possible influence of glycemic index on substrate utilization during exercise and clarify whether a high-carbohydrate diet with varying glycemic indices can impact substrate metabolism and endurance performance.
Article
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Spela Bokal, Simon Cirnski, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate ingestion methods on carbohydrate oxidation rates during long endurance exercise in highly trained cyclists. The results showed that ingestion of carbohydrates at a rate of 120 g/h resulted in higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates, but did not lead to additional sparing of endogenous carbohydrates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Paula Renno Sierra, Antonio Alves Fontes-Junior, Ines Assis Paz, Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa, Leticia Aparecida da Silva Manoel, Duane Cardoso de Menezes, Vinicius Alves Rocha, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
Summary: Inadequate nutrient intakes, such as low carbohydrate and calcium intakes, are associated with higher fat mass. High sucrose and sodium intakes are associated with elevated levels of BDNF. Adequate carbohydrate intake after exercise promotes higher levels of myostatin and musclin, while inadequate intakes lead to lower levels of IL-15 and BDNF. High cholesterol and low fiber intakes are associated with lower levels of irisin and apelin.
Article
Physiology
Edward Gray, Rocco Cavaleri, Jason Siegler
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of tasting unpleasant salty or bitter solutions on lower limb corticomotor excitability and neuromuscular function. The results showed that unpleasant salty and bitter solutions significantly increased taste perception, heart rate, and nausea compared to control conditions. However, at rest, unpleasant tastes had no influence on neuromuscular function or corticomotor excitability.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)