Article
Environmental Sciences
Jamie Morgan, Heikki Patomaki
Summary: This paper argues for the greater use of carbon taxes and a global approach in response to the increasing urgency of carbon emissions reductions. Carbon taxes can facilitate social redesign, while emissions trading is seen as ineffective and distracting.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruo-Shui Sun, Xiang Gao, Liang-Chun Deng, Can Wang
Summary: The Glasgow Climate Conference concluded with the adoption of the Glasgow Climate Pact, which strengthens global climate change governance based on the Paris Agreement. However, the system still has deficiencies, such as lack of timely information, transparency issues, hypothesis-based decision-making, and inadequate support for developing countries in terms of finance and technology.
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Studies
Kilian Raiser, Basak cali, Christian Flachsland
Summary: This article compares the performance of review mechanisms under the Paris Agreement with those under other international treaties, and identifies both strengths and weaknesses of the Paris Agreement's review mechanisms. While the Paris Agreement incorporates many factors influencing performance, it lacks a procedure to assess the adequacy of national pledges.
Article
Economics
Muhammad Salman, Xingle Long, Guimei Wang, Donglan Zha
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of the Paris Agreement on environmental efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in 162 countries from 1990 to 2020. Results indicate that developed countries have improved environmental efficiency due to technological progress, while developing countries and least developed countries have experienced declines. The policy intervention of the Paris Agreement has reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved global environmental efficiency, but the effects vary among countries, with developed countries benefiting more.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Geng Qin, Hanzhi Yu
Summary: The design of the Paris Agreement follows the successful Global Experimental Governance mode used in ozone protection. However, the implementation of the agreement faced difficulties due to the traditional country classification established in the 1992 Rio Summit. As the capabilities and motivations of Annex I and non-Annex I countries developed differently, the existing incentive and constraint policies failed to encourage more ambitious mitigation commitments. To address this, the research proposes a categorization of countries into Leader, Reserve Force, Waverer, and Obscurity based on their capability and motivation. A potential climate action roadmap is also suggested to mobilize internal forces and enhance global climate governance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
X. Lan, S. Basu, S. Schwietzke, L. M. P. Bruhwiler, E. J. Dlugokencky, S. E. Michel, O. A. Sherwood, P. P. Tans, K. Thoning, G. Etiope, Q. Zhuang, L. Liu, Y. Oh, J. B. Miller, G. Petron, B. H. Vaughn, M. Crippa
Summary: The study investigated the drivers behind the global atmospheric methane increase after 2006 by simulating emission and sink scenarios in a tracer transport model. Fossil fuel emissions were unlikely to be the main driver for the post-2006 methane increase, and a decrease in hydroxyl radicals could not explain the observed increase. Different methane sinks have varying fractionation factors for delta C-13 methane, introducing uncertainty in the results.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michaela Hegglin, Ana Bastos, Heinrich Bovensmann, Michael Buchwitz, Dominic Fawcett, Darren Ghent, Gemma Kulk, Shubha Sathyendranath, Theodore G. Shepherd, Shaun Quegan, Regine Roethlisberger, Stephen Briggs, Carlo Buontempo, Anny Cazenave, Emilio Chuvieco, Philippe Ciais, David Crisp, Richard Engelen, Suvarna Fadnavis, Martin Herold, Martin Horwath, Oskar Jonsson, Gabriel Kpaka, Christopher J. Merchant, Christian Mielke, Thomas Nagler, Frank Paul, Thomas Popp, Tristan Quaife, Nick A. Rayner, Colas Robert, Marc Schroder, Stephen Sitch, Sara Venturini, Robin van der Schalie, Mendy van der Vliet, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, R. Iestyn Woolway
Summary: Space-based Earth observation plays a crucial role in monitoring and quantifying climate system changes, and is essential for effective policy making and measuring progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, the best approach for translating observation data into actionable information is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Sheng Zhou, Qing Tong, Xunzhang Pan, Min Cao, Hailin Wang, Ji Gao, Xunmin Ou
Summary: This study examines China's low-carbon energy transformation from a global perspective, finding that to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, China should advance its peak CO2 emissions and increase deep emissions reduction efforts, with a particular focus on the power and industrial sectors.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jaise Kuriakose, Kevin Anderson, Deborah Darko, Emmanuel Obuobie, Alice Larkin, Salifu Addo
Summary: Research shows that shallow reservoirs in the tropics emit significant greenhouse gas emissions. In Ghana, although existing and planned hydro resources may only account for less than 1% of their future energy demand, their cumulative emissions can consume 40% of the country's carbon budget under the Paris Agreement. Therefore, instead of constructing more dams, it would be more aligned with the Paris goals for Ghana to focus on energy efficiency and diversifying renewable energy options.
ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sam Abernethy, Robert B. Jackson
Summary: This study proposes a novel framework to calculate time horizons aligning with specific temperature goals and presents emission metrics for methane using these time horizons. The commonly used time horizon of 100 years underestimates the environmental impact of methane compared to the values calculated for the Paris Agreement goals of 1.5 degrees C and 2 degrees C.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Niheer Dasandi, Hilary Graham, Pete Lampard, Slava Jankin Mikhaylov
Summary: This study examined NDCs from 185 countries and found that countries not mentioning health were mainly clustered in high-income countries, while greater health engagement was seen in low-income and middle-income countries. Factors such as low GDP per capita and being a small island developing state were associated with higher levels of health engagement. The focus on health in NDCs follows broader patterns of global inequalities.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Agusti-Panareda, Joe McNorton, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Bianca C. Baier, Nicolas Bousserez, Souhail Boussetta, Dominik Brunner, Frederic Chevallier, Margarita Choulga, Michail Diamantakis, Richard Engelen, Johannes Flemming, Claire Granier, Marc Guevara, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Nellie Elguindi, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Martin Jung, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Rigel Kivi, Sebastien Massart, Dario Papale, Mark Parrington, Miha Razinger, Colm Sweeney, Alex Vermeulen, Sophia Walther
Summary: The CO2 Human Emissions project has generated realistic global simulations to support carbon-cycle research and assess the impact of satellite designs on atmospheric carbon tracers.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weiwei Xiong, Katsumasa Tanaka, Philippe Ciais, Liang Yan
Summary: This study evaluated China's role in achieving the 1.5 degrees C target of the Paris Agreement. The results showed that China's contribution to global warming in 2050 is 0.17 degrees C on average, with a range of 0.1 degrees C to 0.22 degrees C. The peak contributions of China vary from 0.1 degrees C to 0.23 degrees C, with the years reached distributing between 2036 and 2065.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeong gu Lee, Ho Gyeong Chae, Gil Won Kim, Pil Joo Kim, Song Rae Cho
Summary: Plastic film mulching can significantly increase crop productivity and net primary production, but it also leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in a higher net global warming potential. Additionally, mulching can decrease soil carbon stock and increase carbon loss, but this negative impact can be alleviated with higher levels of biomass addition.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mikkel Bennedsen
Summary: Following the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to reduce CO2 emissions, but current reporting methods may underestimate emissions. A statistical monitoring procedure using sequential testing theory was designed to detect systematic under-reporting, which could help inform global CO2 emissions verification.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Masahito Ueyama, Sara H. Knox, Kyle B. Delwiche, Sheel Bansal, William J. Riley, Dennis Baldocchi, Takashi Hirano, Gavin McNicol, Karina Schafer, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson, Kuang-Yu Chang, Jiquen Chen, Housen Chu, Ankur R. Desai, Sebastien Gogo, Hiroki Iwata, Minseok Kang, Ivan Mammarella, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Youngryel Ryu, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Mathias Goeckede, Adrien Jacotot, Mats B. B. Nilsson, Torsten Sachs
Summary: Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane in the atmosphere. Through data-model fusion, we estimate the processes of methane production, oxidation, and transport in wetlands, and find that production is the most important process.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fenjuan Wang, Shamil Maksyutov, Rajesh Janardanan, Aki Tsuruta, Akihiko Ito, Isamu Morino, Yukio Yoshida, Yasunori Tohjima, Johannes W. Kaiser, Xin Lan, Yong Zhang, Ivan Mammarella, Jost V. Lavric, Tsuneo Matsunaga
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin D. D. Stocker, Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Davila, Alexandra G. G. Konings, Martha C. C. Anderson, Christopher Hain, Robert B. B. Jackson
Summary: Global estimations based on satellite data show that plants have access to deep water across one-third of Earth's vegetated surface. The storage capacity of water in the rooting zone, which determines the sensitivity of land-atmosphere water and carbon exchange during dry periods, was estimated globally using remote sensing data. The study found that 37% of Earth's vegetated surface has plant-available water stores that exceed the storage capacity of 2-meter deep soils. These variations in rooting-zone water-storage capacity were correlated with hydroclimate, rooting depth, and land use.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Andrew F. Feldman, Qing Ying, Philippe Ciais, Shushi Peng, Xin Li
Summary: Atmospheric methane concentrations are increasing, and recent studies using a process-based model show higher methane emissions from wetlands since 2007. The substantial increase in methane emissions in 2020 and 2021 contributed to record-high growth rates of atmospheric methane. Wetland methane emissions, as an uncertain feedback to climate change, amplify atmospheric methane concentrations. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and observations of global wetland methane fluxes to understand emerging trends, variability, and underlying drivers.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan D. Sherwin, Jeffrey S. Rutherford, Yuanlei Chen, Sam Aminfard, Eric A. Kort, Robert B. Jackson, Adam R. Brandt
Summary: Satellites are considered a useful tool for identifying large greenhouse gas point sources, but independent verification is needed for acceptance. The first single-blind controlled methane release testing of satellite-based detection and quantification was conducted, with five teams analyzing data from one to five satellites. The teams correctly identified 71% of all emissions, ranging from 0.20 to 7.2 metric tons per hour.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weile Wang, Jennifer Dungan, Vanessa Genovese, Yohei Shinozuka, Qiguang Yang, Xu Liu, Benjamin Poulter, Ian Brosnan
Summary: This study introduces the Ames Global Hyperspectral Synthetic Data set (AGHSD), which is generated based on the multispectral BRDF products from NASA's MODIS satellite sensor. By deriving a robust relationship, the hyperspectral surface BRDF can be accurately approximated using soil surface reflectance, leaf single albedo, and canopy scattering coefficient. The algorithm is validated using simulations and applied to generate the AGHSD BRDF product for the year of 2019 at different resolutions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chenghao Wang, Jiyun Song, Dachuan Shi, Janet L. Reyna, Henry Horsey, Sarah Feron, Yuyu Zhou, Zutao Ouyang, Ying Li, Robert B. Jackson
Summary: Climate, technologies, and socio-economic changes will influence future building energy use in cities. A study on 277 U.S. urban areas shows that climate change results in heterogeneous changes in energy use intensity (EUI) among urban areas, with population and power sector changes being the primary factors driving city-scale building energy use changes. Considering intercity heterogeneity is crucial when developing sustainable and resilient urban energy systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vilma Mannisenaho, Aki Tsuruta, Leif Backman, Sander Houweling, Arjo Segers, Maarten Krol, Marielle Saunois, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, Xin Lan, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Sylvia Michel, James W. C. White, Tuula Aalto
Summary: This study investigates the atmospheric trends of delta(CH4)-C-13 using a global atmospheric transport model and CarbonTracker-Europe CH4 inversions. The study compares the model results with observations and suggests optimizing wetland emissions separately to improve the simulation of delta(CH4)-C-13 trends.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kevin M. M. Robertson, Eli Simonson, Natali Ramirez-Bullon, Benjamin Poulter, Richard Carter
Summary: This study used hyperspectral imaging to investigate the impact of spatial resolution, mapping window size, and number of spectral species on the ability to map plant beta diversity using the biodivMapR package. The results showed that coarser spatial resolution and smaller mapping window size led to decreased detection of plant beta diversity.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ruosi Liang, Yuzhong Zhang, Wei Chen, Peixuan Zhang, Jingran Liu, Cuihong Chen, Huiqin Mao, Guofeng Shen, Zhen Qu, Zichong Chen, Minqiang Zhou, Pucai Wang, Robert J. Parker, Hartmut Boesch, Alba Lorente, Joannes D. Maasakkers, Ilse Aben
Summary: This study uses atmospheric methane column retrievals from two different satellite instruments to quantify East Asian methane emissions. The results show consistent emissions in some regions but discrepancies in others, especially in northern India and eastern China. The differences between the two inversions are robust and may be attributed to biases in the satellite retrievals. Overall, there are significant variations in methane emissions estimates between satellite observations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alice Drinkwater, Paul I. Palmer, Liang Feng, Tim Arnold, Xin Lan, Sylvia E. Michel, Robert Parker, Hartmut Boesch
Summary: Using the GEOS-Chem model and two inverse methods, this study estimated regional methane emissions and corresponding stable-carbon-isotope source signatures from 2004-2020 globally. The results showed increasing emissions from tropical regions and China, while boreal and temperate regions had negative or slight positive emissions trends. The isotopic signature of methane in the tropics became progressively lighter, indicating a change in emission sources. Satellite data supported the findings and indicated the contribution of wetlands to methane emissions. The study's results were not significantly affected by changes in the hydroxyl radical, but inconsistencies were found in atmospheric methane levels in 2020.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alison L. Redington, Alistair J. Manning, Stephan Henne, Francesco Graziosi, Luke M. Western, Jgor Arduini, Anita L. Ganesan, Christina M. Harth, Michela Maione, Jens Muhle, Simon O'Doherty, Joseph Pitt, Stefan Reimann, Matthew Rigby, Peter K. Salameh, Peter G. Simmonds, T. Gerard Spain, Kieran Stanley, Martin K. Vollmer, Ray F. Weiss, Dickon Young
Summary: The production and consumption of CFC-11, CFC-12, and CCl4 have been controlled and phased out globally since 2010. However, evidence suggests an increase in global emissions of CFC-11 in the last decade. This study focused on evaluating the emissions of these gases in western Europe and found a declining trend from 2008 to 2021. Rating: 8/10
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Peter Joyce, Cristina Ruiz Villena, Yahui Huang, Alex Webb, Manuel Gloor, Fabien H. Wagner, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Rocio Barrio Guillo, Chris Wilson, Hartmut Boesch
Summary: Anthropogenic emissions of methane have significantly impacted the Earth's radiative budget since pre-industrial times due to its high global warming potential. Detection and accurate quantification of these emissions from small point sources are crucial for reducing emissions and mitigating future climate change. A deep neural network trained with hyperspectral imagery from the PRISMA satellite has shown great potential in locating and quantifying methane point source emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liang Feng, Paul Palmer, Robert J. Parker, Mark F. Lunt, Hartmut Bosch
Summary: The global atmospheric methane growth rates in 2020 and 2021 are the highest since measurements started in 1983. Using data from the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), it is estimated that significant global increases in methane emissions are needed to explain the observed atmospheric methane levels, with the largest increases in Eastern Africa, tropical Asia, tropical South America, and temperate Eurasia. The elevated contributions in 2020 over Africa are substantially reduced in 2021, and there are positive correlations between anomalies of tropical methane emissions and groundwater.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brendan Byrne, David F. Baker, Sourish Basu, Michael Bertolacci, Kevin W. Bowman, Dustin Carroll, Abhishek Chatterjee, Frederic Chevallier, Philippe Ciais, Noel Cressie, David Crisp, Sean Crowell, Feng Deng, Zhu Deng, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Manvendra K. Dubey, Sha Feng, Omaira E. Garcia, David W. T. Griffith, Benedikt Herkommer, Lei Hu, Andrew R. Jacobson, Rajesh Janardanan, Sujong Jeong, Matthew S. Johnson, Dylan B. A. Jones, Rigel Kivi, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Shamil Maksyutov, John B. Miller, Scot M. Miller, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Tomohiro Oda, Christopher W. O'Dell, Young-Suk Oh, Hirofumi Ohyama, Prabir K. Patra, Helene Peiro, Christof Petri, Sajeev Philip, David F. Pollard, Benjamin Poulter, Marine Remaud, Andrew Schuh, Mahesh K. Sha, Kei Shiomi, Kimberly Strong, Colm Sweeney, Yao Te, Hanqin Tian, Voltaire A. Velazco, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Thorsten Warneke, John R. Worden, Debra Wunch, Yuanzhi Yao, Jeongmin Yun, Andrew Zammit-Mangion, Ning Zeng
Summary: Accurate accounting of CO2 emissions and removals is crucial for emission reduction targets, and this study provides a pilot dataset of net carbon exchange and terrestrial carbon stock changes for different countries to inform carbon budgets. The estimates are based on top-down modeling outputs using OCO-2 data, combined with bottom-up estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes. Increases in terrestrial carbon stocks are observed, particularly in the northern extra tropics, while the tropics show variable stock losses. The study discusses the current state and future developments of top-down monitoring and verification systems for tracking emissions and removals.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)