Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiyang Wu, Osmond Rebello, Emmanuelle H. Crost, C. David Owen, Samuel Walpole, Chloe Bennati-Granier, Didier Ndeh, Serena Monaco, Thomas Hicks, Anna Colvile, Paulina A. Urbanowicz, Martin A. Walsh, Jesus Angulo, Daniel I. R. Spencer, Nathalie Juge
Summary: The study focuses on how gut bacteria adapt to ecological niches by utilizing fucosylated glycans, identifying a fucosidase enzyme with specific substrate and linkage preferences. This enzyme has the ability to recognize and hydrolyze specific fucosyl linkages, potentially contributing to the adaptation of R. gnavus strains in the infant and adult gut microbiome.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Colin Buttimer, Ekaterina V. Khokhlova, Lisa Stein, Cara M. Hueston, Bianca Govi, Lorraine A. Draper, R. Paul Ross, Andrey N. Shkoporov, Colin Hill
Summary: This study isolates and characterizes six bacteriophages that can infect Ruminococcus gnavus, a gut microbe associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The phages have a temperate lifestyle and can coexist with the host bacterium without causing a significant reduction in its abundance. Analysis of gut virome data reveals a high abundance of these phages in individuals with IBD. This work provides insight into the interaction between phages and R. gnavus in the human gut microbiome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew T. Henke, Eric M. Brown, Chelsi D. Cassilly, Hera Vlamakis, Ramnik J. Xavier, Jon Clardy
Summary: Research has shown that some isolates of R. gnavus produce a capsular polysaccharide that promotes tolerogenic immune responses, while isolates lacking a capsule trigger robust proinflammatory responses. In mouse experiments, it was also found that mice colonized with an isolate of R. gnavus lacking a capsule showed increased gut inflammation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gregg J. Silverman, Jing Deng, Doua F. Azzouz
Summary: Imbalances in the gut microbiome, particularly expansions of Blautia (Ruminococcus) gnavus (RG), contribute to the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. RG strains from Lupus patients induce increased intestinal permeability and are associated with autoimmune features. Oral treatment with larazotide acetate can reverse this increased permeability.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yoshiki Teramoto, Shohei Akagawa, Shin-ichiro Hori, Shoji Tsuji, Koichiro Higasa, Kazunari Kaneko
Summary: This study found that children with a history of acute Kawasaki disease (KD) have an imbalance in their gut microbiota, characterized by increased microbial diversity and changes in the relative abundance of certain microbial genera. This imbalance may increase susceptibility to acute Kawasaki disease in children.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomoki Furutani, Hiroyuki Kitano, Kenichiro Ikeda, Satoshi Shirane, Yumiko Koba, Seiya Kashiyama, Hiroki Kitagawa, Kohei Kobatake, Keisuke Hieda, Hiroki Ohge, Nobuyuki Hinata
Summary: We present a case of bloodstream infection caused by Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) in a 74-year-old female undergoing radiotherapy for cervical cancer, with pelvic abscess. The identification of the bacterium was confirmed through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. The patient did not show gastrointestinal involvement, contrary to previous cases reporting diverticulitis or intestinal damage, suggesting a possible bacterial translocation from the gut microbiota due to radiation-induced intestinal tract damage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rong Li, Sheng Xu, Bei Li, Bo Zhang, Weihua Chen, Die Dai, Zhi Liu
Summary: Refractory constipation is a severe form of constipation with unknown etiology. Accumulating studies have shown significant dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in constipation patients. This study analyzed the gut microbiota composition of fresh and accumulated feces of refractory constipation patients and found a significant difference between them.
Review
Microbiology
Emmanuelle H. Crost, Erika Coletto, Andrew Bell, Nathalie Juge
Summary: Ruminococcus gnavus, a prevalent member of the gut microbiota, has been identified as a key biomarker of health and diseases due to its immune and metabolic properties. Its study has expanded from specific enzymes or bacteriocins to its association with various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The review discusses its biological characterization, occurrence in the gut microbiota, colonization factors, and its role in host health and disease.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Jae-Rin Ahn, Seung-Hwa Lee, Byunghyun Kim, Myung Hee Nam, Yoon Kyung Ahn, Yoon Mee Park, Seon-Mi Jeong, Min Jee Park, Kun Baek Song, So-Yeon Lee, Soo-Jong Hong
Summary: Oral administration of R. gnavus significantly reduced AD-related parameters in mice, including skin water loss, clinical score, total serum immunoglobulin E level, OVA-specific IgE level, and skin inflammation. Treatment with R. gnavus also led to downregulation of T helper 2-related cytokines and upregulation of IL-10 and Foxp3 in the skin.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rashidin Abdugheni, Chang Liu, Feng-Lan Liu, Nan Zhou, Cheng-Ying Jiang, Yonghong Liu, Li Li, Wen-Jun Li, Shuang-Jiang Liu
Summary: This study investigates the genomic features and health relevance of Ruminococcus gnavus. The findings suggest that strain-level genomic variability may contribute to the ambiguities regarding its function and impact on host well-being. The study identifies certain genes with health benefits and potential health risks, as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence-related genes. These results provide new insights into R. gnavus and raise concerns about its pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc Maresca, Radia Alatou, Ange Pujol, Cendrine Nicoletti, Josette Perrier, Thierry Giardina, Gwenola Simon, Vincent Mejean, Michel Fons
Summary: This study demonstrates that Ruminococcus gnavus E1 expresses the adhesin RadA only when colonizing the gut, which can bind human immunoglobulins and intestinal mucins. The N-terminal region of RadA recognizes specific motifs on proteins and glycans, with Galactose and N-Acetyl-Galactosamine identified as specific targets.
Article
Microbiology
Claudia Saralegui, Carmen Garcia-Duran, Eduardo Romeu, Maria Luisa Hernaez-Sanchez, Ainhize Maruri, Natalia Baston-Paz, Adelaida Lamas, Saioa Vicente, Estela Perez-Ruiz, Isabel Delgado, Carmen Luna-Paredes, Juan de Dios Caballero, Javier Zamora, Lucia Monteoliva, Concepcion Gil, Rosa del Campo
Summary: In recent years, various techniques have been used to study microbial ecosystems, with 16S rRNA gene sequencing being the most common method. Metaproteomics can identify the interaction between microorganisms and human cells, but the available databases are limited and imprecise. This study compares the differences between 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metaproteomics in identifying microorganisms and analyzing alpha diversity. Additionally, the study explores the establishment of intestinal ecosystems in newborns with cystic fibrosis, characterized by host inflammation and enrichment of Ruminococcus gnavus.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Erika Coletto, Dimitrios Latousakis, Matthew G. Pontifex, Emmanuelle H. Crost, Laura Vaux, Estella Perez Santamarina, Andrew Goldson, Arlaine Brion, Mohammad K. Hajihosseini, David Vauzour, George M. Savva, Nathalie Juge
Summary: Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) is found in excessive amounts in inflammatory bowel disease and neurological disorders. This study found that mice colonized with R. gnavus displayed changes in sialic acid derivatives and metabolites associated with brain function. Furthermore, the colonization of R. gnavus resulted in improved spatial working memory in the mice. These findings provide important insights into the role of R. gnavus in neurological disorders.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fei Mu, Chen Cui, Meng Tang, Guiping Guo, Haiyue Zhang, Jie Ge, Yujia Bai, Jinyi Zhao, Shanshan Cao, Jingwen Wang, Yue Guan
Summary: This study aimed to construct a machine learning framework for stratified predicting and interpreting vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). By analyzing the medical records of 724 patients, the study developed risk prediction models for different underlying diseases. The study also identified some underappreciated risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Conor J. McGrath, Edgaras Laveckis, Andrew Bell, Emmanuelle Crost, Nathalie Juge, Stephanie Schuller
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in protecting against enteric infection, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Researchers developed a new experimental model and optimized the culture medium to study bacterial growth in mucus-producing intestinal cells. They found that L. reuteri and R. gnavus have different effects on EPEC infection and can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Siobhan McCarthy, Maurice Barrett, Shivashini Kirthi, Paola Pellanda, Klara Vlckova, Anne-Marie Tobin, Michelle Murphy, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W. O'Toole
Summary: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by nodules, abscesses, and fistulae. This study found that individuals with HS had lower microbial diversity in fecal, skin, and nasal samples, and certain bacteria were more abundant. Finegoldia magna was overabundant in HS skin samples, potentially contributing to local inflammation. These findings suggest that the microbiome alterations in both the gut and skin of HS patients deserve further investigation.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Allergy
Nonhlanhla Lunjani, Werner C. Albrich, Noemie Suh, Beatrice Barda, Laura A. Finnegan, Sarita A. Dam, Jens Walter, Corinna Sadlier, Mary Horgan, Paul W. O'Toole, Liam O'Mahony
Letter
Allergy
Corinna Sadlier, Werner C. Albrich, Ujjwal Neogi, Nonhlanhla Lunjani, Mary Horgan, Paul W. O'Toole, Liam O'Mahony
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Owen Cronin, Susan A. Lanham-New, Bernard M. Corfe, Celia L. Gregson, Andrea L. Darling, Kourosh R. Ahmadi, Philippa S. Gibson, Jon H. Tobias, Kate A. Ward, Maria H. Traka, Megan Rossi, Claire Williams, Nicholas C. Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Kevin Whelan, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Paul W. O'Toole, Claes Ohlsson, Juliet E. Compston, Stuart H. Ralston
Summary: The relationship between human microbiota and bone health is a emerging field that requires further research. Current progress supports the role of the human gut microbiome in regulating bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Further research should focus on the biological interactions between microbiota and bone metabolism.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Min Yap, Danilo Ercolini, Avelino Alvarez-Ordonez, Paul W. O'Toole, Orla O'Sullivan, Paul D. Cotter
Summary: This article introduces a community-based method, particularly the application of sequencing-based meta-omics strategies, for characterizing microbial communities along the food chain.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alejandro Garcia-Rudolph, Joan Sauri, Blanca Cegarra, Vince Istvan Madai, Dietmar Frey, John D. Kelleher, Katryna Cisek, Eloy Opisso, Josep Maria Tormos, Montserrat Bernabeu
Summary: This study identifies three distinct classes of stroke patients based on their motor functional independence trajectories. These classes are characterized by different baseline clinical features and provide valuable insights into predicting long-term functional outcomes after stroke.
NEUROREHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sreeram Udayan, Panagiota Stamou, Fiona Crispie, Ana Hickey, Alexandria N. Floyd, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Paul D. Cotter, Orla O'Sullivan, Silvia Melgar, Paul W. O'Toole, Rodney D. Newberry, Valerio Rossini, Ken Nally
Summary: The study found that certain gut bacteria can disseminate to systemic tissues, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii in intestinal tissues is increased in mice with Myd88-dependent innate immune sensor pathway deficiency. L. johnsonii was frequently detected in multiple systemic tissues, indicating its potential role as a murine immunomodulatory endosymbiont.
Article
Neurosciences
Timothy G. Dinan, Paul J. Kennedy, Livia H. Morais, Amy Murphy, Caitriona M. Long-Smith, Gerard M. Moloney, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Andrew P. Allen, Aoife Collery, David Mullins, Anne-Marie Cusack, Kirsten Berding, Paul W. O'Toole, Gerard Clarke, Catherine Stanton, John F. Cryan
Summary: Birth by C-section has enduring effects on psychological processes in humans. Young adults born by C-section exhibit increased psychological vulnerability to acute stress and a prolonged period of stress. However, the effects on cognitive ability and gut microbiota are minimal.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Helard Becerra Martinez, Katryna Cisek, Alejandro Garcia-Rudolph, John D. Kelleher, Andrew Hines
Summary: Accurate early predictions of cognitive improvement in stroke rehabilitation are important for clinicians to develop effective therapeutic programs. This study presents a machine learning model that predicts cognitive improvement after therapy for stroke surviving patients and identifies influential factors for the prediction, providing guidance for adjusting therapeutic settings.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Liam H. Walsh, Mairead Coakley, Aaron M. Walsh, Paul W. O'Toole, Paul D. Cotter
Summary: High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies are revolutionizing our understanding of microbial ecosystems, especially those associated with fermented foods. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches are being used to investigate the characteristics of microbial communities, requiring the development of appropriate bioinformatic tools to interpret the data.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lauren O'Mahony, Emma O'Shea, Eibhlis M. O'Connor, Audrey Tierney, Mary Harkin, Janas Harrington, Sharon Kennelly, Elke Arendt, Paul W. O'Toole, Suzanne Timmons
Summary: Strategies to improve the gut microbiome through consuming an improved diet, including adopting the Mediterranean Diet (MD), may promote healthy aging. The study explored older adults' and healthcare professionals' perspectives of the MD, gut health, and microbiome for their role in healthy aging. Findings showed that while gut health was considered important, specific effects of the MD on gut microbiota, and the significance of this for healthy aging, was under-recognized.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Fergus Shanahan, Tarini S. Ghosh, Paul W. O'Toole
Summary: The majority of the variance in the human microbiome remains unexplained, with gaps in our understanding of the specific mechanisms by which individual lifestyles shape the microbiome. The current data on human microbiome is predominantly from individuals in economically developed countries, potentially biasing the interpretation of microbiome variance and its relationship to health and disease. Additionally, the under-representation of minority groups in microbiome studies is a missed opportunity to evaluate the context, history, and changing nature of the microbiome in relation to disease risk. Therefore, this article focuses on recent progress in the areas of aging and ethnicity, highlighting their contributions to microbiome variance and their implications for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Paul W. W. O'Toole, Max Paoli
Summary: The human microbiome plays a crucial role in global health and has implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Understanding and harnessing its potential, while considering its connection to the global ecosystem, can drive innovative strategies for improved public health and promote sustainable development.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liam H. Walsh, Mairead Coakley, Aaron M. Walsh, Fiona Crispie, Paul W. O'Toole, Paul D. Cotter
Summary: A comprehensive metagenomics investigation of milk kefir from different countries revealed the core and non-core components of its microbial community. The dominant species in each kefir were identified, along with associated metabolic pathways. This knowledge can assist in creating tailored kefir communities for various applications, and ensure the microbial composition of kefir products reflects the traditional beverage.
Article
Cell Biology
Tarini Shankar Ghosh, Fergus Shanahan, Paul W. O'Toole
Summary: The authors analyze microbiome profiles to identify indices that reflect abundance and ranking of disease-associated and health-associated gut microbes for therapeutic modulation. They find that microbiome diversity and uniqueness correlate with aging, and Kendall uniqueness accurately reflects loss of core microbiome and abundance of disease-associated and health-associated taxa. These alterations are stronger correlates of unhealthy aging and help identify better targets for therapeutic modulation of the microbiome.
