Review
Cell Biology
Julia Hohn, Wenbin Tan, Amanda Carver, Hayden Barrett, Wayne Carver
Summary: Changes in the extracellular matrix play a key role in tissue repair processes, especially during fibrosis where excessive matrix alters tissue function. Fibrosis was once thought to be progressive and irreversible, but recent studies have shown it can be stopped and even reversed. Therapeutic approaches targeting fibrosis and matrix-producing cells are being pursued more actively now.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fengzhi Ding, Lin Lu, Chengjie Wu, Xiangbin Pan, Bin Liu, Yu Zhang, Yanli Wang, Weiliang Wu, Bing Yan, Yuqing Zhang, Xi-Yong Yu, Yangxin Li
Summary: This study successfully generated a CM-specific CKO mouse model and found that deletion of circHIPK3 leads to decreased cardiac function and cellular senescence. Additionally, UMSC-Exos exert anti-senescence and cardio-protective effects by delivering circHIPK3.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ning Zhang, Qunchao Ma, Yayu You, Xiangyang Xia, Cuiping Xie, Yuxue Huang, Zhuo Wang, Feiming Ye, Zhaosheng Yu, Xiaojie Xie
Summary: This study investigated the role of CXCR4 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) using a mouse model. The results showed that CXCR4+ macrophages play a crucial role in HFpEF, promoting inflammation and fibrosis in the heart. CXCR4 deficiency in macrophages improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis in HFpEF mice. The findings suggest that targeting CXCR4 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension-induced HFpEF.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramani Soundararajan, Sai Manasa Varanasi, Sahebgowda Sidramagowda Patil, Sriraja Srinivas, Helena Hernandez-Cuervo, Alexander Czachor, Adeeb Bulkhi, Jutaro Fukumoto, Lakshmi Galam, Richard F. Lockey, Narasaiah Kolliputi
Summary: The study reveals the important role of ADAR2 in the lungs, with overexpression leading to spontaneous lung fibrosis via HuR-mediated CTGF signaling pathway. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the function of ADAR2 in the lungs and provide potential therapeutic strategies for lung fibrosis.
Review
Cell Biology
Jiwen Fan, Meng Ren, Yuquan He
Summary: Cardiac fibrosis is caused by the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, resulting in myocardial stiffness and reduced compliance of the ventricular wall. The conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed the significant role of exosomes in diagnosing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fei Feng, Lin-Jun Wang, Jian-Chun Li, Ting-Ting Chen, Liping Liu
Summary: This article mainly describes the mechanism of Heparanase (HPA) on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), indicating its important role in inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis. It also speculates that HPA promotes the occurrence and development of ARDS through exosomes and autophagy, resulting in the release of inflammatory factors, coagulation disorder, and pulmonary fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adrienne R. Guarnieri, Sarah R. Anthony, Anamarie Gozdiff, Lisa C. Green, Salma M. Fleifil, Sam Slone, Michelle L. Nieman, Perwez Alam, Joshua B. Benoit, A. Phillip Owens, Onur Kanisicak, Michael Tranter
Summary: Adipose tissue homeostasis is crucial for cardiovascular health, with the presence of thermogenically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) associated with cardiometabolic health. Deletion of the RNA binding protein HuR in adipose tissue leads to spontaneous development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, suggesting a direct role of adipose tissue homeostasis in cardiovascular disease. This study demonstrates the intricate relationship between adipose tissue function and cardiovascular pathology, providing insights into potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Dominika Ambrozej, Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel, Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz, Wojciech Feleszko
Summary: Extracellular vesicles play a vital role in intracellular communication in the lung microenvironment, particularly in the pro-inflammatory responses related to asthma. Noninvasively collected extracellular vesicles can serve as a liquid biopsy to provide information on disease status, especially in pediatric patients. Further research on extracellular vesicles can help develop improved diagnostics and personalized treatments for asthma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chan Zhang, Hao Hao, Yishi Wang, Nan Mu, Wenhua Jiang, Zihui Zhang, Yue Yin, Lu Yu, Alex Chia Yu Chang, Heng Ma
Summary: Myocardial fibrosis is a major cause of sudden cardiac death. It has been discovered that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by cardiomyocytes carry mitochondrial components and can enter fibroblasts, initiating the process of myocardial fibrosis. The study also found that Ambra1 is a critical component of these sEVs and downregulation of cardiac-specific Ambra1 effectively inhibits the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Wenyang Jiang, Yuyan Xiong, Xiaosong Li, Yuejin Yang
Summary: Cardiac fibrosis, a common pathophysiologic process in most heart diseases, involves multiple cell types, with exosomes playing a crucial role in intercellular communication.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Justina P. Nguyen, Israel Ramirez-sanchez, Alejandra Garate-Carrillo, Viridiana Navarrete-Yanez, Rommel A. Carballo-Castaneda, Guillermo Ceballos, Aldo Moreno-Ulloa, Francisco Villarreal
Summary: In this study, we characterized the long-term changes in cardiac structure and function in a mouse model of aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. We also explored the effects of the intersection of both conditions on plasma metabolomics, as well as the roles of oxidative stress, arginase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Prachi Umbarkar, Anand P. Singh, Sultan Tousif, Qinkun Zhang, Palaniappan Sethu, Hind Lal
Summary: Nintedanib (NTB) is an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor for pulmonary fibrosis, and study shows its potential in reducing cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function in a murine heart failure model, suggesting its promising application in treating HF patients.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhe Yang, Tengling Li, Jianzhong Xian, Jia Chen, Yin Huang, Qin Zhang, Xiufang Lin, Hongyun Lu, Yubi Lin
Summary: This study found that SGLT2i attenuated cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling in ACM by suppressing cardiac fibrosis and inflammation via reverting the HIF-2 alpha signaling pathway. This suggests that SGLT2i is a novel and available therapy for ACM.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Junyong Wang, Junpeng Ma, Hongyu Nie, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Peng Zhang, Zhi-Gang She, Hongliang Li, Yan-Xiao Ji, Jingjing Cai
Summary: The study found that RGS5 protects against NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and that it is negatively associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades in response to metabolic challenges. RGS5 directly interacts with TAK1, inhibits its hyperphosphorylation, and prevents the activation of the downstream JNK/p38 signaling cascade.
Article
Neurosciences
Mukti Chowkwale, Merry L. Lindsey, Jeffrey J. Saucerman
Summary: After myocardial infarction, the inflammatory response and fibrosis are dynamically coupled. Inflammation is a graded response to initial infarct size, amplified by a positive feedback loop between neutrophils and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). The resolution of inflammation is driven by degradation of IL-1 beta, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-1 beta), as well as neutrophil apoptosis. Inflammation regulates TGF beta secretion directly through immune cell recruitment and indirectly through upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Mature collagen deposition acts as an ultrasensitive switch in response to inflammation, mainly amplified by cardiac fibroblast proliferation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mallikarjun Patil, Sarojini Singh, John Henderson, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic leading to severe health consequences, particularly cardiac injuries, with limited understanding of its pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hien Luong, Sarojini Singh, Mallikarjun Patil, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: This study investigated cardiac structural and functional alterations as well as changes in myocardial glycosaminoglycan profile in mice exhibiting depression-like behavior. It found that depression in mice was associated with decreased BDNF protein expression, increased IL-6 mRNA expression, and structural changes in the heart. The study highlights the need for further research on the relationship between cardiac GAGs biology and myocardial remodeling underlying cardiovascular complications in patients with MDD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rajesh Kumari, Prabhat Ranjan, Zainab Gbongbo Suleiman, Sumanta Kumar Goswami, Jing Li, Ram Prasad, Suresh Kumar Verma
Summary: m(6)A methylation is a highly studied RNA modification that plays a crucial role in cellular functions during development, differentiation, and disease. It is found in different RNA species and is regulated by various enzymes and proteins. In cardiovascular diseases, m(6)A methylation is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ajay Godwin Potnuri, Sreeja Purushothaman, Sherin Saheera, Renuka R. Nair
Summary: The study demonstrates the superior efficacy of Mito-TEMP over general oxidants in reducing hypertension and hypertrophy, with significant improvements in cardiovascular function seen in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mito-TEMP treatment led to an increase in mitochondrial antioxidants, stimulation of fatty acid metabolism, and possible reversal of metabolic remodeling, indicating its potential as a targeted antioxidant therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sherin Saheera, Ajay Godwin Potnuri, Ashrith Guha, Suresh S. Palaniyandi, Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan
Summary: Understanding the role of mast cells and histamine in cardiovascular diseases, particularly in cardiac hypertrophy, can lead to better disease management. Research on histamine receptors has shown improvement in cardiac function, suggesting potential for novel therapies in the future.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mallikarjun Patil, Sherin Saheera, Praveen K. Dubey, Asher Kahn-Krell, Prem Kumar Govindappa, Sarojini Singh, Sultan Tousif, Qinkun Zhang, Hind Lal, Jianyi Zhang, Gangjian Qin, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: The study demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes enhance macrophage engulfment of apoptotic cardiac cells, leading to improved cardiac repair and function after injury.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sarojini Singh, John Henderson, Mallikarjun Patil, Praveen K. Dubey, Shubham Dubey, Ramaswamy Kannappan, Jianyi Zhang, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: The study revealed that miR-181c-5p plays a crucial role in macrophage phagocytosis, potentially regulating cytoskeletal arrangement to improve the efficiency of cell ingestion. Targeting macrophage miR-181c-5p in injured tissues could lead to better clearance of dead cells and more effective resolution of inflammation.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Shubham Dubey, Praveen K. Dubey, Channakeshava S. Umeshappa, Yohannes T. Ghebre, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: Pathological fibrosis contributes to the progression of various diseases. This study identified the role of the RUNX1 gene in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and demonstrated that increased expression of RUNX1 promotes the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen-synthesizing myofibroblasts, leading to lung fibrosis. The study suggests that targeting RUNX1 could potentially limit the progression of organ fibrosis.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Praveen K. Dubey, Mallikarjun Patil, Sarojini Singh, Shubham Dubey, Paras Ahuja, Suresh Kumar Verma, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Summary: Endotoxemia-induced m6A methylation in the myocardium is associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and reduced cardiac function, suggesting a potential role of m6A methylation in regulating myocardial inflammation and dysfunction during endotoxemia.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mashanipalya G. Jagadeeshaprasad, Prem Kumar Govindappa, Amanda M. Nelson, Mark D. Noble, John C. Elfar
Summary: The discovery of the effectiveness of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in enhancing skin wound healing is of great importance due to the high frequency of skin injuries. The treatment with 4-AP has shown several benefits, including faster wound closure, restoration of normal skin structure, increased hair follicle neogenesis, and improved neuronal regeneration. This approach also increases the levels of important promoters of wound healing, such as transforming growth factor-beta, substance P, and nerve growth factor. In vitro studies have shown that 4-AP promotes nerve growth factor production and enhances the proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes. Overall, this research presents a promising new approach to enhance skin wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Review
Neurosciences
Prabhat Ranjan, Karen Colin, Roshan Kumar Dutta, Suresh Kumar Verma
Summary: The article introduces the concept of exosomes and their applications in disease treatment. Current technological advances provide better ways for monitoring exosomes, but further research is needed to ensure effective clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen Manto, Prem Kumar Govindappa, Brandon Martinazzi, Zachary Koroneos, John Hegarty, M. A. Hassan Talukder, John Elfar
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prem Kumar Govindappa, Mashanipalya Jagadeeshaprasad, M. A. Talukder, John Elfar
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kristen M. Manto, Prem Kumar Govindappa, Daniele Parisi, Zara Karuman, Brandon Martinazzi, John P. Hegarty, M. A. Hassan Talukder, John C. Elfar
Summary: Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) is a significant medical issue with limited treatment options. Repurposing studies have shown that daily systemic administration of the FDA-approved drug 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) can enhance functional recovery after acute peripheral nerve injury. A novel local delivery system of 4-AP using thermogelling polymers may offer a promising and long-acting therapeutic approach in TPNI.
ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
(2021)