Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xue Guo, Chen Huang, Jing Xu, Haoming Xu, Le Liu, Hailan Zhao, Jiaqi Wang, Wenqi Huang, Wu Peng, Ye Chen, Yuqiang Nie, Yongjian Zhou, Youlian Zhou
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by relapse and remission, making it challenging to diagnose and assess disease activity. Traditional biomarkers from plasma and stool lack specificity, while changes in gut microbiota are closely associated with IBD etiology and pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Magdalena Stojek, Anna Jablonska, Krystian Adrych
Summary: The exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and exaggerated immune responses. Current management strategies focus on correcting immune responses, with potential new treatments like FMT showing promising results.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuri Haneishi, Yuma Furuya, Mayu Hasegawa, Antonio Picarelli, Mauro Rossi, Junki Miyamoto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a rapidly increasing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Recent research suggests that factors such as genetics, environment, microbiota, and immune responses are involved in its development, but the underlying causes are unclear. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly a decrease in specific genera, has been identified as a possible trigger for IBD. Improving gut microbiota and identifying specific bacterial species are crucial for understanding and treating IBD and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaochen Zhang, Dai Ishikawa, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shinji Fukuda, Akihito Nagahara
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal mucosa with a complex etiology. The altered gut microbiota in IBD patients is associated with dysbiosis, leading to disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of IBD, but further optimization is needed for its implementation.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Flavia Maria Pavel, Cosmin Mihai Vesa, Gina Gheorghe, Camelia C. Diaconu, Manuela Stoicescu, Mihai Alexandru Munteanu, Elena Emilia Babes, Delia Mirela Tit, Mirela Marioara Toma, Simona Bungau
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by chronic gut inflammation due to genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Microbial studies have identified the role of gut microbiome in IBD pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of microbiome management in treatment, with probiotics and prebiotics showing beneficial effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Boicean, Victoria Birlutiu, Cristian Ichim, Paula Anderco, Sabrina Birsan
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex diseases characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown increasing effectiveness and safety in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and CDI. By modifying the gut microbiota, FMT offers an alternative approach to indirectly influence the host's immune system in a safe way, improving clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings in IBD patients. Further validation is needed to establish a clinical protocol for FMT in IBD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hana Cipcic Paljetak, Anja Baresic, Marina Panek, Mihaela Peric, Mario Matijasic, Ivana Lojkic, Ana Barisic, Darija Vranesic Bender, Dina Ljubas Kelecic, Marko Brinar, Mirjana Kalauz, Marija Milicevic, Dora Grgic, Niksa Turk, Irena Karas, Silvija Cukovic-Cavka, Zeljko Krznaric, Donatella Verbanac
Summary: This study compares the differences in gut microbiota between newly diagnosed, treatment-naive adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (CD and UC) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy individuals. The results show that changes in gut microbiota are detectable at the onset of disease and may play a significant role in the development of IBD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ruiqiao He, Pan Li, Jinfeng Wang, Bota Cui, Faming Zhang, Fangqing Zhao
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation is a promising treatment for microbiota dysbiosis associated diseases. This study investigated the effect of different types of donor-derived microbiota on FMT efficacy. The research found two dominant types of microbiota in CDI and IBD patients, and observed the interaction between recipient and donor-derived microbiota during FMT.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Paulo Sergio Loubet Filho, Thais Otranto Dias, Vitoria Helena de Oliveira Teixeira Reis, Amanda Maria Tomazini Munhoz Moya, Elisvania Freitas dos Santos, Cinthia Bail Betim Cazarin
Summary: The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has increased and its etiology remains unknown. Risk factors, including food intake, are associated with developing IBD. Functional foods (FF) can modulate the gut microbiota and improve the health quality of IBD patients.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ludovico Abenavoli, Lidia Giubilei, Anna Caterina Procopio, Rocco Spagnuolo, Francesco Luzza, Luigi Boccuto, Emidio Scarpellini
Summary: The intestinal microbiota, the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in human health. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with the development of various diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vickie Lacroix, Alexis Cassard, Emmanuel Mas, Frederick Barreau
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are complex diseases involving gut microbiota dysbiosis. By incorporating the functional and integrative map of microbiota, researchers aim to develop personalized medicine and enhance the application of new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Youlian Zhou, Yan He, Le Liu, Wanyan Zhou, Pu Wang, Han Hu, Yuqiang Nie, Ye Chen
Summary: The study revealed differences in gut microbiota between Chinese and Western populations, as well as distinct microbial characteristics in UC and cCD patients in China. Gardnerella and Fusobacterium were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between UC and cCD, demonstrating an important association between IBD affected bowel region and gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxia Liu, Yunhui Zhang, Wanhua Li, Bowei Zhang, Jia Yin, Sijing Liuqi, Jin Wang, Bo Peng, Shuo Wang
Summary: Gut dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism disturbance are involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan on BA metabolism and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. Our results showed that fucoidan effectively suppressed colonic inflammation and repaired the gut barrier. In addition, fucoidan increased the relative abundance of certain bacteria families and short-chain fatty acids, while modulating bile acid metabolism. These findings suggest that fucoidan may be a potential functional food for colitis.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Marleen Bouhuys, Willem S. Lexmond, Patrick F. van Rheenen
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Pediatric onset of the disease occurs in about 10% of cases. The management of pediatric IBD has evolved, with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy being used upfront for patients at high risk for complications. Biochemical or endoscopic remission is the therapeutic goal, and pediatric IBD comes with unique challenges such as growth impairment and psychological issues. General pediatricians play a crucial role in integrating these challenges in the clinical care of patients with IBD and optimizing their outcomes.
Review
Pediatrics
Xiaojun Zhuang, Caiguang Liu, Shukai Zhan, Zhenyi Tian, Na Li, Ren Mao, Zhirong Zeng, Minhu Chen
Summary: This systematic review included 41 original studies investigating gut microbiota profiles in pediatric patients with IBD. While some studies reported differences in the abundance of certain bacteria in pediatric patients with IBD compared to those without IBD, inconsistent results and heterogeneous methodologies prevented drawing clear overall conclusions. Further large-sample studies with more rigorous and standardized methodologies are needed.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Quirino Lai, Nicoletta De Matthaeis, Michele Finotti, Giovanni Galati, Giuseppe Marrone, Fabio Melandro, Filomena Morisco, Daniele Nicolini, Riccardo Pravisani, Edoardo G. Giannini
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of antiplatelet therapy on the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma. The results suggest that antiplatelet therapy is associated with a reduced risk of HCC incidence and post-treatment mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Francesca Romana Ponziani, Antonio Nesci, Camilla Caputo, Lucia Salvatore, Anna Picca, Federica Del Chierico, Francesco Paroni Sterbini, Emanuele Marzetti, Angela Di Giorgio, Luca Santoro, Lorenza Putignani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Angelo Santoliquido, Maurizio Pompili
Summary: This study finds a high prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and it is associated with inflammatory markers and alterations in the gut-liver axis.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Di Tommaso, Francesco Santopaolo, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Summary: The intestinal barrier is the first line of defense between the outside world and the intestine, and disruption can lead to increased intestinal permeability, causing intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. The identification of a gut-vascular barrier has provided new evidence for the etiology and management of gut-liver axis and gut-brain axis diseases, with recent implications in oncology as well. The gut-brain axis is involved in neuroinflammatory processes, and the recent description of a choroid plexus vascular barrier regulating brain permeability under gut inflammation conditions identifies the endothelium as a key regulator in maintaining tissue homeostasis and health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alberto Nicoletti, Marcantonio Negri, Mattia Paratore, Federica Vitale, Maria Elena Ainora, Enrico Celestino Nista, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco, Lorenzo Zileri Dal Verme
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis due to difficulties in detection and limited effectiveness of current treatments. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, may play a crucial role in the progression and resistance to chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. They also have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessio Aghemo, Marcello Persico, Roberta D'Ambrosio, Massimo Andreoni, Erica Villa, Abhi Bhagat, Valentina Gallinaro, Giuliana Gualberti, Rocco Cosimo Damiano Merolla, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: A study conducted in Italy found that G/P treatment achieved a 100% cure rate in patients with hepatitis C, even in high-risk groups such as elderly patients and those with advanced liver disease.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dan Dumitrascu, Igor Bakulin, Annalisa Berzigotti, Marilia Cravo, Laura Gombosova, Milan Lukas, Anna Pietrzak, Jose Maria Remes-Troche, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Mercedes Amieva Balmori, Tiago Curdia Goncalves, Lamine Hamzaoui, Radovan Juricek, Leticia Moreira, Katarzyna Neubauer, Teodora Surdea-Blaga, Igor N. Tikhonov, Jan Trna, Gianluca Ianiro, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: Various environmental factors can lead to gut microbial imbalance and the development of diseases. Hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease are all related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, but the pathophysiology differs for each condition.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elisabetta Sforza, Domenico Limongelli, Valentina Giorgio, Gaia Margiotta, Francesco Proli, Eliza Maria Kuczynska, Chiara Leoni, Donato Rigante, Ilaria Contaldo, Chiara Veredice, Emanuele Rinninella, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giuseppe Zampino, Roberta Onesimo
Summary: This study aimed to describe and quantify the impact of blenderized tube feeding (BTF) on gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. The results showed that gastrointestinal symptoms improved after consuming BTF, with a decrease of 30-50% in gagging and retching for children and similar improvement rates for constipation and diarrhea in most critically ill adults.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Olga Maria Nardone, Giovanni Marasco, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Giammarco Mocci, Luca Pastorelli, Carlo Petruzzellis, Franco Scaldaferri
Summary: This study investigated the use of mesalazine in the clinical practice of young gastroenterologists. The results showed that there were significant differences in the use of mesalazine between non-dedicated and IBD physicians, especially in the management of moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. It was also observed that non-IBD physicians were less likely to prescribe mesalazine for colorectal cancer chemoprevention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Andrea Piccioni, Elena Niccolai, Gloria Rozzi, Giacomo Spaziani, Christian Zanza, Marcello Candelli, Marcello Covino, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Amedeo Amedei
Summary: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder that leads to early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The main goal of therapy is to reduce LDL cholesterol through statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors. However, lowering LDL cholesterol may be challenging due to individual responses to statin therapy and the high cost of some treatments. The gut microbiota has been recently identified as a potential risk factor for CVDs, including familial hypercholesterolemia, and further research is needed to understand its role.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oliviero Riggio, Ciro Celsa, Vincenza Calvaruso, Manuela Merli, Paolo Caraceni, Sara Montagnese, Vincenzina Mora, Martina Milana, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Giovanni Raimondo, Antonio Benedetti, Patrizia Burra, Rodolfo Sacco, Marcello Persico, Filippo Schepis, Erica Villa, Antonio Colecchia, Stefano Fagiuoli, Mario Pirisi, Michele Barone, Francesco Azzaroli, Giorgio Soardo, Maurizio Russello, Filomena Morisco, Sara Labanca, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Antonello Pietrangelo, Gabriele Di Maria, Silvia Nardelli, Lorenzo Ridola, Antonio Gasbarrini, Calogero Camma
Summary: In patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an independent risk factor for mortality and the most common cause of hospital readmission. Therefore, patients with HE should be evaluated as candidates for liver transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Federico Costante, Leonardo Stella, Francesco Santopaolo, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maurizio Pompili, Tarik Asselah, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection affects over 10 million people worldwide, with a prevalence of around 4.5% among HBsAg-positive individuals. Chronic HDV infection has been associated with a significant increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. However, the molecular oncogenic mechanisms of HDV and its role in promoting HCC development are still not well understood. This review focuses on the direct oncogenic action of HDV, its impact on the tumor microenvironment, and the genetic signature of HDV-related HCC, comparing it with HBV-related HCC.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Massimo Montalto, Antonella Gallo, Maria Chiara Agnitelli, Simona Pellegrino, Alice Lipari, Erika Pero, Marcello Covino, Francesco Landi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective and safe for very old patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Frailty and high comorbidity do not limit the use of FMT in these patients. Frailty assessment has the potential to better identify patients at higher risk for worse outcomes or repeat treatment with FMT.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Andrea Severino, Simone Varca, Carlo Airola, Teresa Mezza, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Candelli, Enrico Celestino Nista
Summary: Acute pancreatitis is a complex disease with high morbidity and mortality. The role of antibiotics in its prophylaxis and treatment is controversial. Recent studies have questioned the routine use of antibiotics for prophylaxis due to the potential risks of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects. However, in high-risk cases like infected necrotizing pancreatitis, prophylactic antibiotic therapy may still be beneficial. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infected pancreatic necrosis and extrapancreatic infections, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for coverage against various pathogens. Individualized approaches to antibiotic use and alternative strategies like probiotics are being highlighted in the management of acute pancreatitis.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Remo Poto, Gianluca Laniro, Amato de Paulis, Giuseppe Spadaro, Gianni Marone, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gilda Varricchi
Summary: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by low immunoglobulin levels and susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. The exact cause of CVID is unknown, but there is evidence supporting a link between the gut microbiome and CVID pathogenesis. This suggests that microbiome-based treatments, such as diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, could be potential therapeutic approaches for CVID.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mario Caldarelli, Laura Franza, Pierluigi Rio, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Gambassi, Rossella Cianci
Summary: The microbiota has a significant impact on health and disease, including inflammation and immune disorders, as well as complex conditions such as neurological, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota may serve as an intermediary in the close interaction between the kidneys and the cardiovascular system, known as the gut-kidney-heart axis.