Article
Biophysics
A. K. M. Arifuzzman, Norh Asmare, Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov, Ozgun Civelekoglu, Ningquan Wang, A. Fatih Sarioglu
Summary: Characterization and identification of cell populations using surface markers are crucial in various applications. However, conventional techniques are limited by the need for immunolabeling, expensive instruments, and skilled operators. This study introduces an autonomous microchip that can electronically quantify the immunophenotypical composition of a cell suspension. The microchip captures different cell subtypes in separate microfluidic chambers and electrically monitors all on-chip activity, allowing real-time determination of subpopulation fractions. The capability to analyze immune cells without labels has the potential to enable remote testing and quality control in cell manufacturing.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Brian S. Ferguson, Leslie E. Neidert, Matthew J. Rogatzki, Keith R. Lohse, L. Bruce Gladden, Heidi A. Kluess
Summary: The study found no significant difference in the release of ATP from RBCs of different densities under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, and the release of ATP was linearly correlated with the release of Hb.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angeles Ivon Rodriguez-Villarreal, Manuel Carmona-Flores, Jordi Colomer-Farrarons
Summary: This study demonstrates the widening of the cell-free area (CFA) in a microfluidic device based on experimental results of red blood cell (RBC) flow, showing that temperature and flow rate modifications can significantly alter RBC response.
Article
Biophysics
Yazdan Rashidi, Greta Simionato, Qi Zhou, Thomas John, Alexander Kihm, Mohammed Bendaoud, Timm Krueger, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Lars Kaestner, Matthias W. Laschke, Michael D. Menger, Christian Wagner, Alexis Darras
Summary: The distribution of red blood cells in the microcirculation affects oxygen delivery and solute transport to tissues. Recent studies have shown deviations from the expected partitioning of red blood cells at bifurcations in the microvascular network. This behavior is influenced by the lingering of red blood cells near the bifurcation apex.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jana Kriebel, Ines M. Goncalves, Vitoria Baptista, Maria I. Veiga, Graca Minas, Rui Lima, Susana O. Catarino
Summary: This study evaluated the deformability of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) in contact with 20 nm magnetic iron and non-magnetic cerium nanoparticles using a microfluidic hyperbolic contraction. The results showed that RBCs' deformability index depended on the cells' velocity, and decreased when exposed to nanoparticles, with a greater effect seen for magnetic nanoparticles and longer exposure times. The deformability index exhibited a logarithmic trend with variations depending on nanoparticle properties, concentration, and exposure time. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of RBCs and the potential applications of nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery systems.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Steffen M. Recktenwald, Greta Simionato, Marcelle G. M. Lopes, Fabia Gamboni, Monika Dzieciatkowska, Patrick Meybohm, Kai Zacharowski, Andreas von Knethen, Christian Wagner, Lars Kaestner, Angelo D'Alessandro, Stephan Quint
Summary: The flow properties and shape of red blood cells in COVID-19 patients are significantly impaired, but these changes are reversible when suspended in healthy plasma. The study also reveals a new role of red blood cells in maintaining plasma equilibrium. These findings provide a framework for further investigations into the treatment of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Georgii V. V. Grigorev, Alexander V. V. Lebedev, Xiaohao Wang, Xiang Qian, George V. V. Maksimov, Liwei Lin
Summary: The utilization of microfluidic chips for single RBC studies has attracted great interest in recent years. It involves filtering, trapping, analyzing, and releasing single erythrocytes for various applications. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances in microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors, trapping arrays, dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, clinical implications, microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques, organs-on-chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery. The limitations and future prospects of each technology are also addressed.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Peixian Li, Ye Ai
Summary: Biophysical markers of cells have shown promise in studying, characterizing, and classifying different cell types. The lack of cell sorting ability based on multivariate biophysical markers presents a challenge in isolating specific cell types. This study demonstrates label-free and high-throughput acoustic single-cell sorting activated by the characterization of multivariate biophysical phenotypes, providing a solution to the challenges of cell purification without specific molecular biomarkers.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Viviana Claveria, Philippe Connes, Luca Lanotte, Celine Renoux, Philippe Joly, Romain Fort, Alexandra Gauthier, Christian Wagner, Manouk Abkarian
Summary: Red blood cells in sickle cell anemia exhibit more heterogeneous physical properties compared to healthy red blood cells, with differences in adhesiveness, rigidity, density, size, and shape. The segregation of sickle red blood cells in micron-sized channels was investigated, with findings showing that low-density cells tended to remain in the center of the channel while the densest cells segregated towards the walls. Aggregation inhibited segregation and increased the cell depleted layer thickness, potentially playing a protective role against vaso-occlusion in sickle cell anemia patients.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yanyu Chen, Zhuhao Wu, Joseph Sutlive, Ke Wu, Lu Mao, Jiabao Nie, Xing-Zhong Zhao, Feng Guo, Zi Chen, Qinqin Huang
Summary: Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is a method of detecting genetic disorders related to the fetus before birth by analyzing markers in the peripheral blood of pregnant women. Fetal-nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) can be used as biomarkers for NIPD due to their unique ability to carry the complete genetic information of the fetus. Recent advances in NIPD technologies are focused on isolating and analyzing fNRBCs, using both conventional and novel methods such as micro-/nanomaterials and microfluidic chips. The identification and clinical diagnostic potential of fNRBCs are also discussed, along with the challenges and future directions of using fNRBCs in NIPD treatment guidelines.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Shaohua Ding, Shengbao Duan, Yezhou Chen, Jinsong Xie, Jingjing Tian, Yong Li, Hongmei Wang
Summary: This study presents a portable microfluidic device for parallel and digital analysis of red cell antigen typing. The device allows for fast and accurate identification of multiple red blood cell antigens through a zigzag-shaped precise metering channel and sequential-step spinning protocol.
Article
Mechanics
Sumit Kumar Mehta, Rahul Kakati, Ayaz Rahman, Pranab Kumar Mondal, Somchai Wongwises
Summary: This study numerically analyzes the impact of electroosmotic vortex and fluid rheology on the chemical reaction characteristics of species, focusing on biochemical applications and relevant physical properties. The results show that the formation of vortices in the microreactor enhances the ability of reactant species to react, increasing convective mixing strength. Additionally, the fluid rheology significantly affects the reaction characteristics.
Article
Cell Biology
Nadezhda A. Besedina, Elisaveta A. Skverchinskaya, Alexander S. Ivanov, Konstantin P. Kotlyar, Ivan A. Morozov, Nikita A. Filatov, Igor V. Mindukshev, Anton S. Bukatin
Summary: The study investigated how the transit velocity of red blood cells in microfluidic devices can indicate cell damage due to oxidative stress, with results showing the splitting of RBCs into subpopulations according to their transit velocity. The data demonstrate that characterizing RBCs transport in microfluidic devices can directly reveal violations of microcirculation caused by oxidative stress.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ahmed A. Ayash, Harith H. Al-Moameri, Ali Abed Salman, Arnold A. Lubguban, Roberto M. Malaluan
Summary: This study presents a novel microfluidic approach for complete separation of blood cells. The approach utilizes a polydimethylsiloxane serpentine microchannel with a series of electrodes, providing two separation zones. The design exploits the unique channel configuration and the inherent differences in dielectric properties of the three blood cell types to achieve size-based sorting. Platelets are separated in the first zone due to their larger dielectrophoretic force compared to red and white blood cells. The model developed in this work demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach, showing complete separation of blood content across different flow rates and AC frequencies.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Masako Sugihara-Seki, Nozomi Takinouchi
Summary: In this study, platelet-sized fluorescent particles were used as platelet substitutes to investigate the cross-sectional distribution of particles in red blood cell suspensions flowing through microchannels. The results showed that in square channels, particles focused near the four corners, while in circular channels, particles accumulated uniformly adjacent to the channel wall.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Renata Maia, Violeta Carvalho, Bernardo Faria, Ines Miranda, Susana Catarino, Senhorinha Teixeira, Rui Lima, Graca Minas, Joao Ribeiro
Summary: This study provides an overview of COVID-19 diagnosis methods and tests as well as their evolution in recent months. While RT-PCR remains the gold-standard method, it is limited by equipment and personnel requirements as well as the time to obtain results. As a result, alternative methods have been commonly reported. Combining different diagnostic techniques helps improve diagnosis and further understand the impact of the virus and the disease on humans.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ines M. Goncalves, Ines Castro, Filipe Barbosa, Vera Faustino, Susana O. Catarino, Ana Moita, Joao M. Miranda, Graca Minas, Patricia C. Sousa, Rui Lima
Summary: The separation capacity of a multi-step crossflow microfluidic device was evaluated by using a blood analogue fluid and human red blood cells. The results showed that the device effectively separated the cells and the blood analogue fluid exhibited similar flow behavior to real blood, providing important data support for related research.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ana Paulo, Jorge Santos, Joao da Rocha, Rui Lima, Joao Ribeiro
Summary: The authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. It was found that the surface chemical treatment of the fiber did not have any influence on the mechanical properties of the composites, while the infill density had a huge influence on the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. Natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of PLA composites.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Analytical
Luis Goncalves, Marcos Silva Martins, Rui A. Lima, Graca Minas
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana Rita F. Pacheco, Beatriz D. Cardoso, Ana Pires, Andre M. Pereira, Joao P. Araujo, Violeta M. Carvalho, Raquel O. Rodrigues, Paulo J. G. Coutinho, Teresa Castelo-Grande, Paulo A. Augusto, Domingos Barbosa, Rui A. Lima, Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira, Ana Rita O. Rodrigues, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
Summary: Late diagnosis and systemic toxicity associated with conventional treatments pose challenges in cancer therapy. Nanomedicine offers a new approach for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This study developed pH-sensitive solid magnetoliposomes (SMLs) for controlled release of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). The SMLs showed efficient drug release at pH = 5 and significantly reduced cell viability when exposed to tumor cells, suggesting their potential for synergistic cancer therapy with magnetic targeting and dual hyperthermia.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Renata Maia, Violeta Carvalho, Rui Lima, Graca Minas, Raquel O. Rodrigues
Summary: This systematic review summarizes the recent progress in the use of microneedles (MNs) in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, biomarker detection, and their potential integration with microfluidic devices. Although MNs have been extensively utilized in lab-on-a-chip platforms, recent studies have also explored their applicability in organ-on-a-chip models. Overall, the presence of MNs in advanced microfluidic devices offers simplified drug delivery, microinjection, and biomarker detection through integrated biosensors, enabling real-time monitoring of various biomarkers in lab- and organ-on-a-chip platforms.
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Ines S. Afonso, Glauco Nobrega, Rui Lima, Jose R. Gomes, Joao E. Ribeiro
Summary: Vegetable oils have long been used as metalworking fluids, especially in smaller operations and industries with strict environmental regulations. They can be enhanced with additives or nanoparticles to improve lubricity, cooling properties, and stability. Compared to standard MWFs, vegetable oils are more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. However, the choice of MWFs depends on specific requirements and the balance between performance, cost, and environmental considerations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gilda Santos, Soraia F. Neves, Margarida Silva, Joao M. Miranda, Joao B. L. M. Campos, Joao Ribeiro, Adriana Moreira, Patricia Fernandes, Francisca Miranda, Rita Marques
Summary: Considering the high level of heat and flame exposure faced by firefighters, personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial for their safety. This study developed a PCM-vest for the first time and evaluated its thermal performance. The results show that PCMs significantly affect the heating rate of the multilayer assembly, but also increase the cooling time. The PCM-vest sample met the requirements of heat and flame tests, highlighting the positive impact of using PCMs to enhance traditional PPE's heat protection.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
R. R. Souza, F. M. Sa Barbosa, G. Nobrega, E. M. Cardoso, J. C. F. Teixeira, A. S. Moita, R. Lima
Summary: Traditional methods do not allow investigation of critical features that affect the heat transfer performance of nanofluids, therefore an innovative method is needed to measure their thermal conductivity.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Violeta Carvalho, Nelson Rodrigues, Jose C. Teixeira, Rui Lima, Senhorinha Teixeira
Summary: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a common pathology that affects millions of people, has been extensively studied using experimental and numerical research methods. This study compares different models for simulating blood flow in stenotic coronary arteries and finds that the generation of recirculation zones is intensified in one model, but velocity differences are not significant. Understanding the complex nature of blood and accurately modeling its flow is crucial for advancing research in atherosclerosis.
COMPUTER METHODS, IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING II
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Diana Pinho, Vera Faustino, Susana O. Catarino, Ana I. Pereira, Graca Minas, Fernando T. Pinho
Summary: This paper presents a multi-step microfluidic device that is able to separate blood cells and measure their deformability. The device found that white blood cells have lower deformability than red blood cells, and pathological red blood cells have lower deformability than healthy ones. In addition, blood from patients with type II diabetes has higher viscosity. This device shows potential as a supplementary tool in clinical diagnosis and biological research.
MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Violeta Carvalho, Paulo Sousa, Vania Pinto, Ricardo Ribeiro, Pedro Costa, Senhorinha Teixeira, Rui Lima
Summary: The passage discusses atherosclerosis and the use of 3D printed biomodels for hemodynamic studies. It was found that a biomodel with a resolution of 100 μm was most suitable for flow visualization, and that the severity of stenosis significantly affects velocity and flow behavior.
INNOVATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Maria Sabrina Souza, Andrews Souza, Violeta Carvalho, Senhorinha Teixeira, Carla S. Fernandes, Rui Lima, Joao Ribeiro
Summary: This study investigated the biomechanical behavior of intracranial aneurysm (IA) wall through numerical simulations. The results revealed that the deformation and stress values of the aneurysm increased with the increase in Reynolds number.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ines Miranda, Andrews Souza, Paulo Sousa, Joao Ribeiro, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira, Rui Lima, Graca Minas
Summary: This review provides an overview of the properties of PDMS and its applications in the field of micro and nanoengineering. PDMS is widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, as well as biocompatibility. The introduction of the soft-lithography technique has facilitated the rapid prototyping of micro and nanostructures using PDMS, leading to advances in microfluidics, electronics, and biomedicine.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Cong Li, Jiali Wang, Chenhui Wang, Yanke Jin, Yina Yao, Rui Yang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of NaCl water droplets with various concentrations on a heated surface. The results show that the impact patterns can be categorized into different types, and models are established to predict the spreading behavior of droplets with different concentrations. Additionally, high concentration droplets exhibit more violent boiling and have lower residual energy and rebound time.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. Barrera, V. Castro, F. Escudero, J. J. Cruz, I. Verdugo, J. Yon, A. Fuentes
Summary: This study focuses on the characterization of soot maturity and sooting propensity of anisole fuel in a controlled laminar coflow diffusion flame. The results show that the spatial distribution of soot volume fraction is enhanced near the flame centerline, while soot production is promoted near the flame wings. The temperature increase also affects the maturity of soot particles.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Roman W. Morse, Jason Chan, Tiago A. Moreira, Jared J. Valois, Evan T. Hurlburt, Jean-Marie Le Corre, Arganthael Berson, Kristofer M. Dressler, Gregory F. Nellis
Summary: This study investigates the dryout of liquid film and the role of disturbance wave frequency. Experimental results indicate that the heat transfer coefficient associated with optimal boiling conditions is maximized when the surface is dry 5% of the time, independent of pulse amplitude and frequency. Liquid-film measurements, dryout statistics, and direct observation suggest that disturbance-wave frequency can be manipulated by density-wave oscillations in the flow field.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
E. J. Vega, J. M. Montanero
Summary: In this study, we experimentally investigated the bursting of a bubble covered with a surfactant. We found that the bubble bursting time is longer compared to a surfactant-free bubble due to interfacial elasticity. Furthermore, the Marangoni stress drives liquid flow that allows the jet to escape from the end-pinching mechanism within a certain surfactant concentration range.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guofu Sun, Yi Zhan, Tomio Okawa, Mitsuhiro Aoyagi, Akihiro Uchibori, Yasushi Okano
Summary: Experiments were conducted on liquid jets ejected from oval nozzles to investigate the effects of nozzle orifice shape on jet behavior. The study found that the liquid jet exhibited different characteristics at different liquid flow rates. Correlations were established to predict the liquid jet state and characteristics of the secondary droplets produced during jet impact onto a solid surface. This research extended the available knowledge on liquid jet behavior.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jeonghoon Lee, Laurent Zimmer, Takeshi Saito, Shinji Nakaya, Mitsuhiro Tsue
Summary: This study investigates the effects of spatial resolution on DMD amplitudes and spatial mode strengths, and proposes scaling factors to correct for the resolution differences. The results show that the proposed scaling factors successfully normalize the amplitudes and spatial modes, allowing for quantitative comparison of data obtained with different spatial resolutions. This study is significant for analyzing spatiotemporal data in various fields.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yanli Zhao, Shibing Kuang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Mingjun Xu
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the dynamic process of water droplet impacting different wood surfaces and analyzes and discusses the impacting phenomena, phenomena distribution, droplet spreading dynamics, and maximum spread factor. The results show that the impacting process can be distinguished by Weber numbers and Reynolds numbers, and can be predicted by mathematical expressions.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Aakhash Sundaresan, Atul Srivastava, Callum Atkinson
Summary: This study presents the first-ever application of an advanced methodology, combining two-color laser-induced phosphorescence and particle image velocimetry, to investigate the heat transfer mechanisms on the surface of a cylinder placed inside a confined square duct. The technique allows for simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature fields, reducing the complexity and costs associated with separately measuring temperature distributions. Experimental observations show that increasing the mass flow rate enhances heat removal from the cylinder surface, and increasing the cylinder heat input enhances heat transfer in the rear portion of the cylinder.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Harish K. Patel, Sukhjeet Arora, Rutuja Chavan, Bimlesh Kumar
Summary: This study experimentally analyzed the multiscale statistical assessment of scour depth surrounding spur dikes with downward seepage. The research found that seepage affects the morphological behavior and hydrodynamic characteristics of the channel bed, leading to changes in scour formation. The rate of scour depth changes initially increases with higher seepage velocity but eventually becomes constant over time.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Justas Sereika, Paulius Vilkinis, Gediminas Skarbalius, Algis Dziugys, Nerijus Pedisius
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the pulsatile flow structure based on a transitional-type cavity. It was found that the pulsation amplitude has a more significant effect on the dynamics of recirculation zone than the pulsation frequency. Pulsatile flow can reduce the size of the recirculation zone.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Merav Arogeti, Eran Sher, Tali Bar-Kohany
Summary: This study provides a detailed exploration of the events that occur when a droplet hits a dry solid surface of various small sizes, with a focus on the deposition, receding breakup, and prompt splash phases. By utilizing non-dimensional analysis and graphical representation, the boundaries between different events are defined, and criteria for differentiation based on target-to-drop ratio, Reynolds, and Webber numbers are presented.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tianxiong Li, Fei Wen, Yingchun Wu, Botong Wen, Lei Wang, Jinxin Guo, Xuecheng Wu
Summary: This study investigates the structure of the flow field induced by a strut in a scramjet and its influence on flame stabilization. Experimental and numerical analyses reveal that the flow field exhibits features beneficial for flame stabilization, but the asymmetry of the flow poses a challenge to flame establishment.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Syed Ehtisham Gillani, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli
Summary: This study investigates the asymmetry in bluff-body stabilised annular jets and finds that swirl can significantly mitigate the asymmetry and restore the symmetry of the jets. Moreover, increasing the Reynolds number and the swirl intensity can both decrease the asymmetry of the jets.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Utsav Bhardwaj, Rabindra Kumar, Shyama Prasad Das
Summary: This study presents an experimental investigation on flooding phenomenon in a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) unit cell, and analyzes the impact of flooding on the performance of PHP. The study recognizes three different flooding mechanisms and finds that currently accepted correlations for predicting flooding velocity are inaccurate. The study emphasizes the need for further research on flooding in PHPs.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yunpeng Xue, Yongling Zhao, Shuo-Jun Mei, Yuan Chao, Jan Carmeliet
Summary: This study investigates the impact of building morphology on local climate, air quality, and urban microclimate. The researchers conducted an experimental investigation in a large-scale water tunnel, analyzing heat and flow fields using Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The findings show that factors such as canyon configuration, buoyant force, and approaching flow magnitude significantly influence fluid flow in street canyons, and the morphology of the street canyon dominates ventilation rate and heat flux. For example, changing the aspect ratio of a street canyon can lead to a significant change in air ventilation rate, ranging from 0.02 to 1.5 under the same flow conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)