期刊
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
卷 51, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0353-9
关键词
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资金
- Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases [JP19fk0108047, JP19fm0208018]
- Japanese Initiative for Progress of Research on Infectious Diseases for Global Epidemic from the Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [JP19fm0208018]
- Cooperative Research Grant of the Institute for Enzyme Research
- Joint Usage/Research Center, Tokushima University
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Ohyama Health Foundation
- Naito Foundation
- Cell Science Research Foundation
- Mochida Memorial Foundation on Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University
Hosts have been fighting pathogens throughout the evolution of all infectious diseases. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common infectious agents in humans but causes only opportunistic infection in healthy individuals. Similar to antimicrobial immunity against other organisms, the immune response against T. gondii activates innate immunity and in turn induces acquired immune responses. After activation of acquired immunity, host immune cells robustly produce the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which activates a set of IFN-gamma-inducible proteins, including GTPases. IFN-inducible GTPases are essential for cell-autonomous immunity and are specialized for effective clearance and growth inhibition of T. gondii by accumulating in parasitophorous vacuole membranes. Recent studies suggest that the cell-autonomous immune response plays a protective role in host defense against not only T. gondii but also various intracellular bacteria. Moreover, the negative regulatory mechanisms of such strong immune responses are also important for host survival after infection. In this review, we will discuss in detail recent advances in the understanding of host defenses against T. gondii and the roles played by cell-autonomous immune responses.
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