Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shareq Mohd Nazir, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Schalk Cloete, Shahriar Amini
Summary: Gas switching reforming (GSR) is a promising technology for natural gas reforming with inherent CO2 capture. The resulting GSR-H2 process concept was found to achieve 96% CO2 capture at a CO2 avoidance cost of 15 $/ton. Compared to conventional steam methane reforming (SMR), GSR-H2 is more suitable for regions with higher natural gas prices and lower electricity prices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mark Z. Jacobson, Anna-Katharina von Krauland, Stephen J. Coughlin, Frances C. Palmer, Miles M. Smith
Summary: This study analyzes the grid stability of the 50 U.S. states and District of Columbia in 2050-2051 after transitioning to 100% clean, renewable energy sources. The results show that the grid remains stable without any blackouts, even during extreme weather conditions in different regions. Transitioning to renewable energy does not require long-duration battery storage.
Article
Economics
Dharik S. Mallapragada, Cristian Junge, Cathy Wang, Hannes Pfeifenberger, Paul L. Joskow, Richard Schmalensee
Summary: Economy-wide decarbonization requires the reliance on variable renewable energy and energy storage in the power system. Under carbon constraints, very low marginal values of energy occur more frequently and high prices are also more frequent. In an ideal system, a competitive energy-only wholesale market would minimize total system costs and induce efficient demand behavior. However, real power systems often use price caps and capacity payments, which increase the costs of decarbonized wholesale markets.
Article
Thermodynamics
Efstathios E. Michaelides
Summary: Carbon capture and storage involves a series of processes including separation, pressurization, transportation, storage, and monitoring, each requiring significant energy. The article calculates the minimum work requirements for separation processes and conducts a case study on a coal power plant, finding that actual energy requirements are much higher than the minimum power.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Junghoon Mok, Wonjung Choi, Sungwoo Kim, Jonghyuk Lee, Yongwon Seo
Summary: The study investigated the effects of NaCl on CO2 + N-2 hydrates and found that NaCl altered the equilibrium conditions of hydrates, increased the selectivity of CO2, and influenced the kinetics of hydrate formation. These findings provide valuable insights into understanding the role of salts in CO2 hydrate formation and their implications for hydrate-based CO2 storage and geological sequestration.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patrick Lott, Manas B. Mokashi, Heinz Mueller, Dominik J. Heitlinger, Sven Lichtenberg, Akash B. Shirsath, Corina Janzer, Steffen Tischer, Lubow Maier, Olaf Deutschmann
Summary: High-temperature pyrolysis using natural gas and sustainable biogas shows great potential for large-scale hydrogen production and simultaneous carbon capture. This study demonstrates the feasibility of gas-phase methane pyrolysis for high hydrogen yields and carbon capture under industrially relevant conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
A. O. Oni, K. Anaya, T. Giwa, G. Di Lullo, A. Kumar
Summary: Interest in blue hydrogen production technologies is increasing, but a comprehensive assessment is still needed. This study compares the cost and greenhouse gas emissions of three natural gas-based blue hydrogen production technologies and finds that steam methane reforming and autothermal reforming are economically preferable. The study also highlights the importance of plant size and carbon capture rate in determining the cost and emissions of blue hydrogen production.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Krishna Raghav Chaturvedi, Tushar Sharma, Japan Trivedi, G. Suresh Kumar
Summary: This study demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovering CH4 from a natural gas hydrate reservoir using a mixture of gases (CO2+N2) with a low concentration of H2 as a diluent in marine settings. The findings emphasize the importance of the gas injection ratio for CH4 recovery.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Felix Donat, Shahriar Amini
Summary: The hydrogen economy has been gaining attention in recent years, with blue hydrogen production emerging as a promising sustainable option. Advanced process concepts utilizing the chemical looping principle show potential for efficient blue hydrogen production, exceeding conventional methods without CCS. Results suggest that advanced oxygen carrier materials could further enhance efficiency and outperform traditional SMR processes with CCS.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Milad Irani, Mahsa Mehrara, Parisa Mojaver, Ata Chitsaz
Summary: This study evaluates and compares a hybrid system of solar methane reforming, including different reforming technologies, gas turbine performance, solar tower plant performance, and CO2 capture and recycle unit. The results show that bi-reforming and auto-reforming require the least solar energy, while the tri-reforming coupled system has the highest power production of the gas turbine.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hassan Elsheikh, Valerie Eveloy
Summary: Power-to-gas (PtG) technologies provide a promising solution for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries like iron and steel. However, implementing PtG faces challenges in terms of electricity network carbon footprint, decoupling from variable renewable energy inputs, and economic feasibility. This study investigates the design and operation of a PtH2-based system for iron production, aiming to facilitate low-carbon steel making. The analysis shows reduced emissions and cost with the use of renewable solar electricity and H-2 storage.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sanehiro Muromachi
Summary: This study investigates the CO2 capture properties of semiclathrate hydrates formed with different salts, showing that they almost exclusively capture CO2. Among the salts, TBPB exhibits superior gas capture performance, while TBAC captures the least amount of CO2.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hon Chung Lau
Summary: The objective of this paper is to derive decarbonization roadmaps for the ten nations of ASEAN. The study shows that renewable energies have been losing ground to fossil energies in the last two decades and fossil fuels will likely continue to be an important part of ASEAN's energy mix. The study also identifies decarbonization technologies with high impact and high readiness for individual countries, including switching from coal to gas, using carbon capture and storage technologies, and transitioning to electric vehicles.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yang Han, W. S. Winston Ho
Summary: This review discusses the fundamentals of CO2/gas separation in polymeric membranes and explores the opportunities and challenges for various applications such as post-combustion carbon capture, hydrogen purification, and gas sweetening. It also highlights emerging polymeric membrane materials and promising candidates for CO2 separation applications, while comparing permeability-selectivity data against their upper bounds in 2008 and 2019.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Juliane Weber, Vitalii Starchenko, Ke Yuan, Lawrence M. Anovitz, Anton V. Ievlev, Raymond R. Unocic, Albina Y. Borisevich, Matthew G. Boebinger, Andrew G. Stack
Summary: This study presents experimental results on the reaction of magnesium oxide (MgO) with the atmosphere, revealing a substantial slowdown of the initial fast reaction due to surface passivation. Short-term experiments show rapid hydroxylation, carbonation, and formation of hydrated magnesium carbonate, highlighting the importance of reactive site density for carbonation kinetics.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Felix Donat, Shahriar Amini
Summary: The hydrogen economy has been gaining attention in recent years, with blue hydrogen production emerging as a promising sustainable option. Advanced process concepts utilizing the chemical looping principle show potential for efficient blue hydrogen production, exceeding conventional methods without CCS. Results suggest that advanced oxygen carrier materials could further enhance efficiency and outperform traditional SMR processes with CCS.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: The hydrogen economy is gaining increasing attention as a complement to electrification in the global energy transition. This study investigates the techno-economic potential of hydrogen production from large-scale coal/biomass co-gasification plants with CO2 capture, achieving attractive hydrogen production costs with the use of advanced configurations. Gasification of locally available solid fuels should be seriously considered as a viable option for supplying the emerging hydrogen economy alongside natural gas and electrolysis.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Florian Pruvost, Schalk Cloete, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Chaitanya Dhoke, Abdelghafour Zaabout
Summary: A techno-economic assessment of molten salt pyrolysis process reveals that moderate pressure and limited reactor size can achieve high efficiency and promising economics. In the long-term, turquoise hydrogen can serve as a promising alternative to blue hydrogen in regions with public resistance to CO2 transport and storage. In the medium-term, expensive first-of-a-kind plants can produce carbon that can access smaller high-value markets, ensuring profitable operation even for first movers.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ambrose Ugwu, Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Abdelghafour Zaabout, Shareq Mohd Nazir, Nimet Uzun Kalendar, Schalk Cloete, Szabolcs Szima, Szabolcs Fogarasi, Felix Donat, Geert van Diest, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Knuth Albertsen, Ana-Maria Cormos, Calin-Cristian Cormos, Shahriar Amini
Summary: Gas switching technology (GST) has been widely applied in the conversion of fossil fuels and biomass, enabling integrated CO2 capture with minimal energy penalty and demonstrating the feasibility and potential energy and cost savings of the technology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Juan Jose Roncal Casano, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study presents an exergoeconomic assessment of integrating two-phase expanders (TPE) in cryogenic air separation units. The results show that the integration of TPE in the ASU configurations can increase exergy efficiency and reduce specific power consumption. From an economic perspective, the total liquid pumping scheme with TPE presents a significant cost reduction compared to the configuration with gas compressors.
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study evaluates the prospects of blue and green ammonia as future energy carriers and compares them with conventional technologies. The results show that blue ammonia is more economically attractive, while green ammonia has higher costs in technology integration and energy.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: Growing concerns about climate change have led to increased interest in alternative energy carriers to fossil fuels. Methanol shows promise as a potential solution for transportation and storage challenges, with an existing infrastructure and scalable synthesis process. This study assesses the techno-economic viability of producing methanol from natural gas and renewable energy with direct air capture (DAC). The results indicate that both natural gas and renewable methanol have their advantages and costs, and the deployment of renewable methanol at scale will require strong policy support.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Schalk Cloete, Oliver Ruhnau, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Lion Hirth
Summary: This study explores trade channels between energy exporters and importers and recommends fossil fuel exporting countries to consider transitioning to a mix of blue hydrogen and climate-neutral industrial base products.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Schalk Cloete, Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: This study analyzes the effects of significant advances in CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies on future energy systems, and finds that CCS-enabled pathways offer benefits in the hydrogen sector, including reducing hydrogen prices and enabling negative CO2 emissions. Advanced blue hydrogen technologies can also reduce total system costs and increase efficiencies. Co-gasification of coal and biomass is identified as an important enabler of these results. The study suggests that CCS decarbonization pathways can incorporate substantial shares of renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel dependence and increase system resilience.
Article
Thermodynamics
Antonia Helf, Schalk Cloete, Florian Keller, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Abdelghafour Zaabout
Summary: This study investigates the prospects of a biomass-to-hydrogen process configuration for large-scale CO2 removal. The results show that the efficiency gains and the use of advanced gas treatment can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen production. Moreover, high CO2 prices make this negative-emission technology economically attractive.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Schalk Cloete
Summary: This study provides a techno-economic assessment of methanol production from solid fuels, showing that methanol can be produced with reduced CO2 emissions through co-gasification with biomass. It is cost-competitive with gasoline and offers a solution for climate change and energy security in energy importing regions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Angel Jimenez Alvaro, Schalk Cloete, Jose Antonio Garcia del Pozo Martin de Hijas
Summary: The increasing share of wind and solar energy in decarbonized electricity systems has created a need for innovative power cycles using unconventional fuels. This study compared different large-scale power plants and their fuel supply infrastructure, specifically focusing on chemically recuperated cycles using MeOH and NH3 as fuels. The results showed that MeOH can be competitive with natural-gas-fired combined cycles at low capacity factors, while NH3 can compete with H2 at higher capacity factors. Liquid fuels present a superior solution when salt cavern storage is unavailable or multi-week fuel storage is highly valued.
Article
Thermodynamics
Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Schalk Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: This study investigates the potential of ammonia production from local coal and biomass resources with CO2 capture for negative emissions. Two innovative configurations are compared with a benchmark, and the results show lower and higher costs for the E-gas and MHI concepts, respectively. Benchmarking against alternative ammonia supply pathways indicates that the energy security offered by the E-gas configuration may be economically attractive to importers with rising CO2 taxes.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bart Tulkens, Schalk Cloete, Pfunzo Muvhali, Rob Bastiaans
Summary: Low-income communities face a cycle of causality between lack of energy services and insufficient income. This study proposes a novel energy system model to optimize the deployment and dispatch of energy supply and services in a South African village. The results show that optimized technology rollout can save each person over 1500 productive hours per year at a cost below 0.2 $/hour. The study also identifies the optimal order of technology deployment for driving economic development.
Article
Thermodynamics
Schalk Cloete, Carlos Arnaiz del Pozo, Jan Hendrik Cloete, Angel Jimenez Alvaro
Summary: Fuels accounted for 76% of global final energy consumption in 2021, and although efforts to electrify can reduce this share, fuels will still play a leading role in the global energy system. This study focuses on ammonia and methanol as low-carbon fuel alternatives to traditional petroleum fuels, as hydrogen faces challenges in storage and distribution. Four low-carbon fuel production pathways are compared, and it is found that electrolytic fuels struggle to compete with hydrocarbon fuels equipped with CCS. Ammonia or methanol from solid fuels are seen as attractive solutions for affordable carbon-negative energy security.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.