Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Wei Lu, Chia-Chan Wu, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Ming-Yi Lee, Tzu-Yu Lin, Su-Jane Wang
Summary: Eupatilin can inhibit glutamate release from neuronal synaptosomes through various mechanisms and prevent excitotoxic damage in an animal model, indicating its potential therapeutic value.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Chong Guo, Stephanie Rudolph, Morgan E. Neuwirth, Wade G. Regehr
Summary: In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells selectively inhibit unipolar brush cells expressing mGluR1, thus regulating balance and eye movement. GABA receptor-mediated inhibition on unipolar brush cells can influence the input-output transformations of the cerebellar cortex in diverse ways.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zihuan Shen, Mi Xiang, Chen Chen, Fan Ding, Yuling Wang, Chang Shang, Laiyun Xin, Yang Zhang, Xiangning Cui
Summary: This article reviews the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity mechanism in post-ischemic stroke damage, focusing on the pathological changes in glutamate release, reuptake, NMDAR, and cellular signaling pathways. It also discusses new treatment targets and potential neuroprotective drugs for ischemic stroke.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shikha Kalotra, Gurcharan Kaur
Summary: The study found that 5-NOT may serve as a potential neuroprotective candidate by promoting axonal growth and migration of neurons, as well as regulating the expression of synaptic plasticity and cell survival pathway proteins.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Chovsepian, Daniel Berchtold, Katarzyna Winek, Uta Mamrak, Ines Ramirez Alvarez, Yanina Dening, Dominika Golubczyk, Luis Weitbrecht, Claudia Dames, Marine Aillery, Celia Fernandez-Sanz, Zdzislaw Gajewski, Marianne Dieterich, Miroslaw Janowski, Peter Falkai, Piotr Walczak, Nikolaus Plesnila, Andreas Meisel, Francisco Pan-Montojo
Summary: The study demonstrates that glycolic acid has a significant protective effect during ischemic reperfusion, reducing ischemic damage and improving functional outcomes. This protective effect may be achieved by counteracting the glutamate-induced increase in intracellular calcium.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Wei Lu, Chen-Jung Lin, Pei-Wen Hsieh, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Ming-Yi Lee, Tzu-Yu Lin, Su-Jane Wang
Summary: This study investigates the role of HFP034, a synthesized anthranilate derivative, in the central glutamatergic system. The results show that HFP034 inhibits excessive release of glutamate and has neuroprotective effects. The study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HFP034 is achieved through the suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and PKC/MARCKS pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Wei Lu, Yu-Chen Huang, Kuan-Ming Chiu, Ming-Yi Lee, Tzu-Yu Lin, Su-Jane Wang
Summary: The study showed that enmein inhibited glutamate release in cortical nerve terminals by suppressing Ca2+ influx and PKC, and also reduced hippocampal neuronal death induced by KA by increasing glutamate uptake.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Oykum Kaplan-Arabaci, Alperen Acari, Pinar Ciftci, Devrim Gozuacik
Summary: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke, caused by blood vessel blockage, has limited treatment options. Previous studies aimed at reducing glutamate in ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases have failed due to delivery obstacles. Systemic glutamate scavenging, a new therapeutic approach, offers the advantage of working in the circulating blood without interfering with brain neurophysiology.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hong-li Liu, Fang-Yuan Hu, Ping Xu, Ji-Hong Wu
Summary: This study found that metformin improves the structure and function of retinal neurons by regulating mitophagy. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that metformin significantly increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis. In an animal model, metformin treatment significantly increased the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells and improved retinal function. Furthermore, metformin protected mitochondria by regulating the expression of mitophagy-related genes and proteins.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting-Yang Hsieh, Yi Chang, Su-Jane Wang
Summary: This study found that piperine can protect hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid by modulating the nerve growth factor signaling pathway.
Article
Neurosciences
Teiichi Furuichi, Yuko Muto, Tetsushi Sadakata, Yumi Sato, Kanehiro Hayashi, Yoko Shiraishi-Yamaguchi, Yo Shinoda
Summary: This study elucidated the physiological roles of the Homer protein family in mouse cerebellar granule cells, revealing that the Homer2a N-terminal domain acts as a dominant negative protein to attenuate NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. Additionally, a novel short form N-terminal domain-containing Homer2, named Homer2e, was identified and found to be induced by apoptotic stimulation like ischemic brain injury. These findings suggest that long and short forms of Homer2 are involved in apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inmaculada Posadas, Laura Romero-Castillo, Rosa-Anna Ronca, Andrii Karpus, Serge Mignani, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Mariangeles Munoz-Fernandez, Valentin Cena
Summary: Nanoparticles, specifically phosphorous dendrimers, are increasingly being recognized for their neuroprotective actions in interfering with excitotoxic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. These dendrimers have the ability to access neurons and exert pharmacological actions in both primary cultures and brain organoids.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oliwia Koszla, Przemyslaw Solek, Ewa Kedzierska, Piotr Listos, Marian Castro, Agnieszka A. Kaczor
Summary: The study found that D2AAK1 has neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, preventing damage to neurons from excitotoxicity and free radicals, without causing genotoxicity in vitro. By activating molecular chaperones, D2AAK1 can protect neurons from the effects of high temperatures. In mouse experiments, no pathological changes were observed after chronic administration of D2AAK1. The results suggest that D2AAK1 has promising properties for potential treatments of neurodegenerative diseases.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafael S. Ferreira, Jessica Teles-Souza, Cleide dos Santos Souza, Erica P. L. Pereira, Fillipe M. de Araujo, Alessandra Bispo da Silva, Juliana H. Castro e Silva, Yasmine Nonose, Yanier Nunez-Figueredo, Adriano M. de Assis, Diogo O. Souza, Maria de Fatima D. Costa, Jose Claudio F. Moreira, Silvia L. Costa, Victor D. A. da Silva
Summary: Rutin is considered as a neuroprotective agent that prevents glutamate excitotoxicity, and its mechanism may involve the regulation of astrocytic metabolism.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Linda-Isabell Schmitt, Christina David, Rebecca Steffen, Stefanie Hezel, Andreas Roos, Ulrike Schara-Schmidt, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Markus Leo, Tim Hagenacker
Summary: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons (MNs) due to a genetic mutation. This study investigates the role of spinal astrocytes and the excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) in the pathogenesis of late-onset SMA. The results suggest that EAAT1 reduction leads to elevated levels of glutamate, causing glutamate excitotoxicity and subsequent loss of MNs.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
