Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina S. Hernandes, Qian Xu, Kathy K. Griendling
Summary: In this review, recent findings on the role of NADPH oxidases in BBB disruption induced by ischemic stroke were highlighted, emphasizing the impact of ROS on the function of the blood-brain barrier in neurological disorders.
Article
Physiology
Caleb A. Padgett, Joshua T. Butcher, Steven B. Haigh, Andrew C. Speese, Zachary L. Corley, Cody L. Rosewater, Hunter G. Sellers, Sebastian Larion, James D. Mintz, David J. R. Fulton, David W. Stepp
Summary: Obese individuals have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and obesity may lead to disruption of circadian rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the roles of metabolic and circadian disruptions in obesity and their contributions to vascular disease. The findings suggest that obesity affects vascular health, and diurnal insult exacerbates endothelial dysfunction. Obesity and circadian disruption may have overlapping but separate mechanisms driving endothelial dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sorabh Sharma, Craig E. Brown
Summary: This review discusses the relationship between microvascular dysfunction caused by type 1 diabetes and cognitive impairment, aiming to synthesize the current knowledge in this field.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yao Li, Damir Kracun, Christopher M. Dustin, Mohamed El Massry, Shuai Yuan, Christian J. Goossen, Evan R. DeVallance, Sanghamitra Sahoo, Cynthia St Hilaire, Aditi U. Gurkar, Toren Finkel, Adam C. Straub, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Patrick J. Pagano
Summary: In an investigation into signaling triggered by aging and hyperglycemia, researchers found that NADPH Oxidase (NOX) plays a crucial role in driving cell damage, inflammation, and cellular senescence. Inhibiting NOX1 can reverse age-related impairments in blood flow and angiogenesis, as well as disrupt proinflammatory signaling associated with senescence. Targeting the NOX1-SASP signaling axis is predicted to be an effective strategy for mitigating vascular and organ system senescence.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nisarath Veschsanit, Jenq-Lin Yang, Sukonthar Ngampramuan, Kittikun Viwatpinyo, Jitrapa Pinyomahakul, Thit Lwin, Pongrung Chancharoen, Saowalak Rungruang, Piyarat Govitrapong, Sujira Mukda
Summary: The study revealed that melatonin treatment significantly ameliorated METH-induced cognitive and neuronal impairments in mice, likely through modulation of various neurotransmitter systems and downstream signaling molecules.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Limin Wu, Mohammad R. Islam, Janice Lee, Hajime Takase, Shuzhen Guo, Allison M. Andrews, Tetyana P. Buzhdygan, Justin Mathew, Wenlu Li, Ken Arai, Eng H. Lo, Servio H. Ramirez, Josephine Lok
Summary: Neuregulin-1/ErbB3 signaling is intricately connected with cytoskeletal processes of brain endothelium, contributing to morphological and angiogenic changes as well as BBB integrity.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julio C. Padovan, Thales M. H. Dourado, Gustavo F. Pimenta, Thiago Bruder-Nascimento, Carlos R. Tirapelli
Summary: High consumption of ethanol increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension. Ethanol-induced hypertension is a complex event involving oxidative stress as a hallmark of vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in triggering various pathological processes, including intracellular calcium accumulation, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, endothelial dysfunction, and loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannah Mason, Ganesha Rai, Arina Kozyr, Nathaniel De Jonge, Emily Gliniewicz, Lars J. Berg, Gal Wald, Cayce Dorrier, Mark J. Henderson, Alexey Zakharov, Tristan Dyson, John Audley, Anthony M. Pettinato, Elias Carvalho Padilha, Pranav Shah, Xin Xu, Thomas L. Leto, Anton Simeonov, Kol A. Zarember, Dorian B. McGavern, John I. Gallin
Summary: NADPH oxidases (NOX's) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) they produce are involved in various physiological processes, but excessive ROS production is associated with several diseases. In this study, a small molecule inhibitor, NCATS-SM7270, was developed and shown to specifically inhibit NOX2 activity in human and mouse granulocytes. The role of different NOX isoforms in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) was investigated, and it was found that NOX2 deficiency provided protection against mTBI pathology, while NOX4 deficiency exacerbated the injury. Treatment of mice with NCATS-SM7270 after mTBI reduced cortical cell death in a dose-dependent manner, and also partially reversed cortical damage in NOX4-deficient mice. These findings highlight the potential of NCATS-SM7270 as a specific inhibitor of NOX2 in protecting against NOX2-dependent cell death in mTBI.
Article
Cell Biology
Sara Miguel-Jimenez, Blanca Pina-Beltran, Silvia Gimeno-Martos, Melissa Carvajal-Serna, Adriana Casao, Rosaura Perez-Pe
Summary: This study found NOX5 in ram spermatozoa and demonstrated that melatonin can prevent changes related to sperm capacitation by modulating NOX5 activity. This suggests that melatonin plays a role in antioxidant defense in ram sperm by influencing NOX5 during capacitation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yujie Yao, Wenjing Zhu, Dongxu Han, Xu Shi, Shiwen Xu
Summary: This study demonstrated that melatonin (MT) can protect against BPA-induced colon damage by suppressing NOX-derived ROS, promoting DNA repair, and attenuating cell cycle arrest. These findings have important implications for understanding and preventing the detrimental effects of BPA on intestinal health.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yujie Yao, Wenjing Zhu, Dongxu Han, Xu Shi, Shiwen Xu
Summary: In this study, it was found that melatonin (MT) can alleviate the damage caused by bisphenol A (BPA) to the colon and further attenuate the G2/M cell cycle arrest by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX). The research revealed that MT improves DNA damage and the activation of related signaling pathways by regulating NOX, thus protecting intestinal health and preventing BPA-induced damage.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessio Alfieri, Juraj Koudelka, Mosi Li, Sanny Scheffer, Jessica Duncombe, Andrea Caporali, Rajesh N. Kalaria, Colin Smith, Ajay M. Shah, Karen Horsburgh
Summary: Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are important mechanisms underlying white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Nox2 plays a critical role, and its genetic deletion can protect against white matter pathology and cognitive impairment. This study has clinical implications for the treatment of vascular diseases.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Virology
Nikolai Fattakhov, Silvia Torices, Michael Stangis, Minseon Park, Michal Toborek
Summary: This review discusses the synergistic impairment of the BBB and neuronal injury induced by METH and HIV-1 in HIV-1 positive METH abusers, potentially accelerating the onset or severity of HAND. Potential therapies to limit neuroinflammation and NVU damage in HIV-1-infected METH abusers are also discussed.
Article
Neurosciences
Xin Sui, Hideyuki Yoshioka, Yuichiro Fukumoto, Kazuya Kanemaru, Hiroyuki Kinouchi
Summary: HAX-1 is a mitochondrial protein that plays a neuroprotective role against ischemic neuronal injury, and the downregulation of HAX-1 by NOX2-produced ROS can induce apoptosis after cerebral ischemia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lu Pang, Yun Wang
Summary: This review discusses the impact of METH abuse on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases. It also explores the risk factors and potential therapeutic agents for treating METH-induced BBB dysfunction.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.