Article
Physiology
Maria Jones-Muhammad, Qingmei Shao, Junie P. Warrington
Summary: This study found that pregnant mice with reduced ASIC2a expression may not be able to mount an inflammatory response following acute seizure exposure. Due to the decrease in ASIC2a, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the hippocampal cytosolic fraction of pregnant mice was reduced.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Li Zhou, Xinrong Tao, Gang Pang, Min Mu, Qixian Sun, Fei Liu, Yuting Hu, Huihui Tao, Bing Li, Keyi Xu
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that maternal nicotine exposure affects hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive behaviors in offspring. In this study, developmental nicotine exposure was found to delay physical and neurobehavioral development, increase anxiety-like behavior, and alter gene expression related to inflammation, neurotransmitters, and synapses in the hippocampus. Furthermore, nicotine exposure skewed microglial polarity towards M2 phenotype, potentially contributing to abnormal cognitive and behavioral performance in offspring.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chong Liu, Yingjie She, Jia Huang, Yongping Liu, Wanwei Li, Can Zhang, Tianliang Zhang, Li Yu
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism of hippocampal neuron impairment induced by neuroinflammation caused by PM2.5 exposure, and identifies the role of the HMGB1-NLRP3-P2X7R pathway in the activation of microglia.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jie Zhu, Yahong Chen, Jingjing Ji, Longyan Wang, Guoqiang Xie, Zhen Tang, Xiangmeng Qu, Zhifeng Liu, Guangli Ren
Summary: Microglial exosomal miR-466i-5p is shown to induce neuron apoptosis in heatstroke, possibly through the Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ziyang Yu, Huize Pang, Yifan Yang, Doudou Luo, Haiping Zheng, Zicheng Huang, Mingxia Zhang, Ke Ren
Summary: In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to detect early brain injury in acute kidney injury (AKI) rats and investigate the impact of microglia on the neuropathological mechanism of AKI. The results showed that AKI led to a decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the hippocampus, especially at 48 h and 72 h. AKI activated the aggregation of microglia into neurons at 24 h, with a peak at 48 h, accompanied by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The study demonstrated that microglia aggregation and inflammatory factor upregulation are significant mechanisms of AKI-induced neuronal apoptosis.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiebo Zhu, Min Joung Lee, Jong Hun An, Eungseok Oh, Woosuk Chung, Jun Young Heo
Summary: Microglial activation is correlated with the unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in mitochondria, which acts as a protective mechanism during neuroinflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for reducing inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramona Pap, Edina Pandur, Gergely Janosa, Katalin Sipos, Attila Agocs, Jozsef Deli
Summary: Lutein exerts protective effects by suppressing H2O2-induced ROS, influencing iron utilization, and altering the secretion of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 cells.
Article
Immunology
Xueming Wang, Xiumei Liu, Liangliang Chen, Xiaoling Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that microglia in the striatum of TS rats are M1 hyperpolarized, causing inflammatory injury to striatal dopaminergic neurons and disrupting normal dopamine signaling.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Zoe Schmal, Ben Hammer, Andreas Mueller, Claudia E. Ruebe
Summary: Despite advances in hippocampus-sparing radiation therapy, radiation-induced injury to the neural stem cell compartment may impact neurocognitive functions. Low doses of ionizing radiation induced inflammatory responses in the hippocampus, with activated microglia and reactive astrocytes, suggesting a shift from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. These findings emphasize the importance of limiting radiation dose to preserve neurocognitive functions, particularly in the juvenile hippocampus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Woosuk Kim, Hyo Young Jung, Dae Young Yoo, Hyun Jung Kwon, Kyu Ri Hahn, Dae Won Kim, Yeo Sung Yoon, Soo Young Choi, In Koo Hwang
Summary: The study demonstrates that GPE-R has neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage and inflammation in the hippocampus, reducing locomotor hyperactivity and increasing neuronal survival. It also shows a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated microglia after ischemia/reperfusion, indicating GPE-R as a potential agent for protecting neurons from ischemic damage.
Review
Immunology
Andres Vidal-Itriago, Rowan A. W. Radford, Jason A. A. Aramideh, Cindy Maurel, Natalie M. M. Scherer, Emily K. K. Don, Albert Lee, Roger S. S. Chung, Manuel B. B. Graeber, Marco Morsch
Summary: Microglia, originating from mesoderm, play key roles in the development, homeostasis, and innate immunity of the central nervous system (CNS). Their diverse morphological characteristics are closely related to their wide range of functions. However, our knowledge of the morphophysiological attributes and interactions with neurons of microglia is limited. Exploring the correlation between microglial shape and function is a current challenge and opportunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nan Gu, Min-Hee Yi, Madhuvika Murugan, Manling Xie, Sebastian Parusel, Jiyun Peng, Ukpong B. Eyo, Christine L. Hunt, Hailong Dong, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglia play a crucial role in formalin-induced pain by amplifying neuronal activity in the spinal dorsal horn. The P2Y12 receptor is required for microglial function in this type of pain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joon-Hyuk Lee, Ji-young Kim, Seulgi Noh, Hyoeun Lee, Se Young Lee, Ji Young Mun, Hyungju Park, Won-Suk Chung
Summary: This study demonstrates that astrocytes in the adult hippocampus carry out phagocytosis through MEGF10 to maintain proper synaptic connectivity and plasticity. The findings reveal the crucial role of astrocytes in the activity-dependent elimination of excitatory synapses, highlighting the importance of this astrocytic function in supporting cognitive function.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhuo Fan, Wendi Zhang, Qi Cao, Lingyun Zou, Xiaobei Fan, Changcun Qi, Yuandong Yan, Bo Song, Bailin Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of acute paraquat exposure on the phenotypic polarization of hippocampal microglia and its mechanism. The results showed that acute paraquat exposure can induce hippocampal inflammatory damage by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and promoting M1-type polarization of microglia, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chengchao Zuo, Huan Cao, Fang Feng, Guo Li, Yaqi Huang, Liudi Zhu, Zhongya Gu, Yuyan Yang, Jianguo Chen, Yongsheng Jiang, Furong Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether rTMS could alleviate neuroglia-associated neuro-inflammatory process in mice models of depression. The results showed that rTMS improved depression-like behaviors and modulated microglia activation, astrocyte levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of rTMS in the treatment of depression.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Abhishek Singh, Vivek Sahajpal, Satish Kumar, Malay Shukla, Deepika Bhandari, Shivkant Sharma, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: The study investigated the genetic and forensic attributes of the Uttarakhand population using 20 autosomal STR loci in the PowerPlex (R) 21 System. Results revealed Penta E locus as the most polymorphic and discriminative, with higher heterozygosity within the population. Phylogenetic analysis showed a higher genetic affinity of the Uttarakhand population with the neighboring Himachal Pradesh population.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: Genetic assessment of snow leopard in the Western Himalaya, India, revealed 18 unique individuals with moderate genetic variability. The populations were found to be under panmixia, possibly due to long-ranging behavior and dispersal patterns. This study provides valuable insights into the population genetics of snow leopards in the trans-Himalayan region of India.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Stanzin Dolker, Abhishek Singh, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: The study found that the population of Himalayan goral in Uttarkashi is in a panmictic condition, possibly due to their long-ranging behavior. This research laid the foundation for future detailed population genetic assessment and non-invasive genetic monitoring of goral throughout the Western Himalayas.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Gul Jabin Bhat, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: The study found low genetic diversity and lack of genetic structuring in the population of Sambar deer in the Western Himalayas. Despite a stable demographic history over the past 8,000 years, there has been a recent decline in population.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Abhishek Singh, Hemant Kumar, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: This study used non-invasive genetics to analyze 143 scats samples of Indian leopards, identifying 32 unique individuals and observing genetic diversity and sub-structuring in the population. The findings demonstrate the utility of non-invasive genetics in monitoring leopard populations and pave the way for further research on population genetic parameters.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Bheem Dutt Joshi, Vinaya Kumar Singh, Hemant Singh, Saurav Bhattacharjee, Ashutosh Singh, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: Two sub-species of Himalayan goral (N. goral) have been discovered in the Western and Central Himalayas in India, while more species of goral have been recognized in other regions. This study provides valuable insights for further research and conservation efforts for Himalayan goral.
Article
Zoology
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Abhishek Singh, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: Despite their resilience and adaptation to various habitats, barking deer face significant threats including habitat loss, poaching, and competition. This study examined the genetic parameters of barking deer in the Indian Himalayan Region and compared them with populations from China, Thailand, Vietnam, and India. The study found high genetic diversity in the mitochondrial gene and moderate genetic variability in nuclear markers, as well as the presence of two distinct populations in the western and central-eastern Himalayas.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sulata Maity, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Vinod Kumar Yadav, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: This study investigated the genetic composition of 15 tigers housed at five different captive facilities in West Bengal, India, and found a moderate level of genetic variation. Based on individual genetic attributes, five tigers were identified for prioritized breeding or animal exchange programs. The presence of first and second order related individuals in captivity requires management attention, and they should be paired according to their immediate genetic background.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Amandeep Kaur Bhambara, Abhishek Singh, Vivek Sahajpal, Mukesh Thakur, Deepika Bhandari, Shivkant Sharma, Mukesh Kumar Thakar
Summary: This study evaluated the population genetic diversity of the Ramgharia Sikh population of Punjab, India using 21 autosomal STR loci, finding the most polymorphic SE33 locus and a genetic affinity between Ramgharia Sikhs and the Bhils of Madhya Pradesh, India.
ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Gul Jabin, Stanzin Dolker, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: Wildlife corridors are crucial to support free-ranging wildlife in rapidly changing landscapes. In this study, using landscape genetics approach, the movement and dispersal patterns of Himalayan ibex were examined in the Indian trans-Himalayan Region. It was found that the Lahaul-Zanskar-Sham valley corridor supports bidirectional movement of Himalayan ibex, suggesting the need for conservation interventions in the region.
Article
Biology
Amira Sharief, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Vineet Kumar, Hemant Singh, Vinay Kumar Singh, Shahid Ahmad Dar, Catherine Graham, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Iyaz Quyoom, Mukesh Thakur, Lalit Kumar Sharma
Summary: This study successfully resolved the taxonomic ambiguity of musk deer species in the Western Himalayas using non-invasive DNA sampling and camera trapping. The results confirmed the presence of only Kashmir musk deer in the study area, suggesting that previous reports of other species were incorrect. This information is crucial for the long-term conservation and management of musk deer.
Letter
Genetics & Heredity
Vinaya Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Avijit Ghosh, Sutithi Mitra, Dhriti Banerjee, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Gul Jabin, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Ming-Shan Wang, Tanoy Mukherjee, Stanzin Dolker, Sheng Wang, Kailash Chandra, Venkatraman Chinnadurai, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: Pleistocene glaciations had a significant impact on the distribution and genetic makeup of species in temperate ecosystems. Through the analysis of ibex genomes, it was discovered that the Himalayan ibex in the Pamir Mountains evolved independently from its main range around 0.1 million years ago according to the Pleistocene species pump concept. The demographic trajectories of the Himalayan ibex indicated two historic bottlenecks and an intermediate population expansion coinciding with the Mid-Pleistocene Transitions. This study provides evidence that the Himalayan ibex is an evolutionary distinct species from the Siberian ibex and highlights the need for taxonomic revision and conservation planning.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stanzin Dolker, Gul Jabin, Sujeet Kumar Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Vinaya Kumar Singh, Supriyo Dalui, Kailash Chandra, Lalit Kumar Sharma, Mukesh Thakur
Summary: This study focused on blue sheep in the Western trans Himalayas of India and found suitable habitat for blue sheep within an area of approximately 18,775 km(2). The genetic analysis identified two populations of blue sheep, Ladakh and Lahaul-Spiti, with high genetic divergence. The study also highlighted the impact of landscape heterogeneity and unsuitable habitats on population divergence and functional connectivity. Although the blue sheep population has been demographically stable in the past, there has been a slight decline in recent decades.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Amira Sharief, Hemant Singh, Bheem Dutt Joshi, Inder Singh, Tanoy Mukherjee, Kailash Chandra, Mukesh Thakur, Lalit Kumar Sharma
Summary: This study assessed the abundance and distribution of Himalayan monal in Uttarkashi district and found that the species is abundant outside protected areas. The findings provide valuable information for the conservation and management planning of Himalayan monal.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.
