Review
Plant Sciences
Maciej Korczak, Maciej Pilecki, Sebastian Granica, Aleksandra Gorczynska, Karolina A. Pawlowska, Jakub P. Piwowarski
Summary: Clinical research has identified promising herbal medicines for the treatment of mild mood disorders, but the active constituents are still unclear. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers new possibilities for treatment and prevention.
Review
Microbiology
Zuzanna Lewandowska-Pietruszka, Magdalena Figlerowicz, Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska
Summary: This article provides a brief history of the gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota, emphasizing the importance of studying these systems. While the history of this science is long, there are still many areas that require further research and understanding.
Review
Allergy
Laura R. Dowling, Michael R. Strazzari, Simon Keely, Gerard E. Kaiko
Summary: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional interaction between the intestinal environment, including the epithelium, immune system, microbiota, and the enteric nervous system. This interaction plays a crucial role in linking environmental stimuli and nervous system function, as well as providing feedback from the brain to intestinal activities. The gut microbiota has a profound influence on these processes, which has not been extensively studied. Disruption of the gut microbiota is associated with both gut diseases and brain symptoms such as neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Zefeng Chen, Jingsheng Ruan, Dinghua Li, Min Wang, Zhiwei Han, Wenxia Qiu, Guobin Wu
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological disorder that occurs in patients with liver insufficiency, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Pharmacotherapy is the main therapeutic option for HE, which targets the pathogenesis of HE by reducing ammonia levels, improving neurotransmitter signal transduction, and modulating intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is closely associated with multiple links in the pathogenesis of HE, and restoring the homeostasis of intestinal bacteria or providing specific probiotics has significant effects on neurological disorders in HE.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Melanie G. Gareau
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development and severity of various diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis enables communication between gut microbes and the brain to regulate behavior. This commentary highlights recent findings on the role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in sepsis-associated encephalopathy using a mouse model.
Review
Immunology
Haoran Wang, Tingting Zhao, Zhenjiang Liu, Danzengquzhen, Cisangzhuoma, Jinying Ma, Xin Li, Xiaodan Huang, Bin Li
Summary: Recent investigations suggest that dietary consumption of flavonoids has neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Flavonoids may also shape gut microbiota composition and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce neuroprotective metabolites. By influencing the microbiota-gut-brain axis, flavonoids indirectly improve brain health.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Marano, Marianna Mazza, Francesco Maria Lisci, Michele Ciliberto, Gianandrea Traversi, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Domenico De Berardis, Lucrezia Laterza, Gabriele Sani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Eleonora Gaetani
Summary: There is increasing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota and autoimmune processes in psychiatric diseases. Altered communication between the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be a cause of psychiatric disorders. This review explores the evidence for the involvement of gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased intestinal permeability, resulting in a cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, and immune response. These events can affect neurotransmitter release, alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduce trophic brain factors. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.
Review
Microbiology
Stein Frostad
Summary: This article discusses the association between anorexia nervosa (AN) and the gut microbiota-brain (GMB) axis, proposing a hypothesis that changes in the GMB axis due to malnutrition drive AN. Malnutrition-induced alterations in gut microbiota may increase sensitivity to anxiety-inducing gastrointestinal hormones, leading to the development and maintenance of AN.
Review
Cell Biology
Jeferson Jantsch, Isadora D'avila Tassinari, Marcia Giovenardi, Victorio Bambini-Junior, Renata Padilha Guedes, Luciano Stuermer de Fraga
Summary: Studies have shown that maternal nutrition can affect the development of diseases in offspring, increasing the risk of metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent research has focused on the impact of maternal obesity on the microbiota of offspring, as well as its association with psychiatric conditions, highlighting the gut-brain axis as a promising area for further exploration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas M. Barber, Georgios Valsamakis, George Mastorakos, Petra Hanson, Ioannis Kyrou, Harpal S. Randeva, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: Our gut microbiota have co-evolved with us over a long period of time, playing a crucial role in our overall health and influencing various bodily processes. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dominant communication pathway with far-reaching implications for our well-being. Dietary composition, particularly in modern Western diets, can directly impact the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and potential health issues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minjia Chen, Guangcong Ruan, Lu Chen, Senhong Ying, Guanhu Li, Fenghua Xu, Zhifeng Xiao, Yuting Tian, Linling Lv, Yi Ping, Yi Cheng, Yanling Wei
Summary: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with unknown causes, and disruption in the gut-brain axis is believed to be the cause. Recent studies have shown that neurotransmitters play an important role in IBS, affecting blood flow regulation, intestinal motility, immune system, and gut microbiota. These studies have shed light on the mechanisms of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of IBS and provided new therapeutic strategies targeting the nervous system or microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuxi Zhou, Wei Guo, Lei Lei, Yumiao Sun, Ruiwen Li, Yongyong Guo, Lihua Yang, Xiongjie Shi, Jian Han, Bingsheng Zhou
Summary: Chronic exposure to TBPH led to increased weight gain, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fat accumulation in female zebrafish, particularly under high-fat diet conditions. TBPH significantly affected the transcription of main adipokines like leptin and adiponectin, and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma in the intestine. Furthermore, TBPH altered the gut microbiota composition, increasing Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance and ultimately leading to obesity.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hanping Zhang, Yifan Li, Peng Zheng, Jing Wu, Yu Huang, Xunmin Tan, Xi Hu, Lu Wen, Peijun Xie, Xingyu Zhou, Gang Yu, Libo Zhao, Chanjuan Zhou, Liang Fang, Peng Xie
Summary: Using metabolomics analysis of feces, serum, and three emotional brain regions in mice, the study found that disturbances in gut microbiota may be involved in the progress of anxiety-like behavior in MG, especially in the hippocampus region. The reversed gut microbiota mainly belonged to bacteroides and firmicutes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cinzia Garofalo, Costanza Maria Cristiani, Sara Ilari, Lucia Carmela Passacatini, Valentina Malafoglia, Giuseppe Viglietto, Jessica Maiuolo, Francesca Oppedisano, Ernesto Palma, Carlo Tomino, William Raffaeli, Vincenzo Mollace, Carolina Muscoli
Summary: Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome share similar symptoms and may have a common etiology related to alterations in gut microbiota. This review will discuss the similarities between FM and IBS and the potential therapeutic approaches based on microbiota manipulations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenxin Wang, Dan Shao, Shu Wu, Zhigang Song, Shourong Shi
Summary: This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of dietary dimethylglycine (DMG) in reducing heat stress-induced intestine injury. DMG supplementation improves growth performance and repairs gut barrier integrity, while modulating the composition of gut microbiota and enhancing microbiota-gut-brain axis metabolism function. These findings provide insights into a novel mechanism by which gut microbiota can improve host health.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Joseph Bruch, Dan Zeltzer, Zirui Song
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Health Care Sciences & Services
Joseph D. Bruch, David Bellamy
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Joseph D. Bruch, Alexander Borsa, Zirui Song, Sarah S. Richardson
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joseph D. Bruch, Suhas Gondi, Zirui Song
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexander Borsa, Geronimo Bejarano, Moriah Ellen, Joseph Dov Bruch
Summary: This systematic review examines the evidence on trends and impacts of private equity (PE) ownership in healthcare operators. The review finds that PE ownership is commonly associated with increased costs to patients or payers and mixed to harmful impacts on quality. However, there is limited research on the effects on health outcomes and costs to operators.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)