Article
Veterinary Sciences
Laura A. Cagle, Nicole I. Stacy, John W. Harvey, Martine de Wit, Laurie Adler, Michael Walsh, Robert Bonde, Tracy Stokol
Summary: This study characterized the leukocytes and platelets in Florida manatees using morphological and cytochemical staining analysis. The results showed that the proportion of bilobed mononuclear cells in Florida manatees was lower than elephants but similar to rock hyraxes. Heterophils and eosinophils exhibited strong reactions to cytochemical stains, while lymphocytes had variable reactions. This study provides valuable information for obtaining accurate hematological data of Florida manatees.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Luiza Filipis, Marco Canepari
Summary: **This study presents the first optical measurement of Na+ currents in the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons in the somatosensory cortex, demonstrating the ability to track the kinetics of Na+ current during action potential generation more effectively. The results also show a correlation between the kinetics of Na+ current at different distances from the soma and the somatic action potential. Additionally, comparison with computer simulations of NEURON models revealed the potential of this approach in estimating the native behavior of Na+ channels accurately.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fei Luo, Jun -yang Deng, Xuan Sun, Jian Zhen, Xiao-dan Luo
Summary: Early-life stress has long-term impacts on the structure and function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and raises the risk of adult neuropsychiatric disorders including social dysfunction. Maternal separation (MS) during the first three postnatal weeks in female mice leads to social impairment accompanied by hypo-activity in pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the ACC. Activation of ACC PNs improves MS-induced social impairment. The down-regulation of neuropeptide Hcrt, which encodes hypocretin (orexin), is observed in the ACC of MS females. Activation of ACC orexin terminals enhances the activity of ACC PNs and restores the diminished sociability in MS females through an orexin receptor 2 (OxR2)-dependent mechanism.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Salvador Dura-Bernal, Samuel A. Neymotin, Benjamin A. Suter, Joshua Dacre, Joao V. S. Moreira, Eugenio Urdapilleta, Julia Schiemann, Ian Duguid, Gordon M. G. Shepherd, William W. Lytton
Summary: Understanding cortical function requires studying multiple scales, and a multiscale mouse primary motor cortex model with over 10,000 neurons and 30 million synapses has been developed. The model accurately predicts in vivo layer- and cell-type-specific responses associated with behavioral states and experimental manipulations. This theoretical framework sheds light on the cell-type-specific multiscale dynamics associated with several experimental conditions and behaviors.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
B. Brinkman, A. Ngwenya, K. Fjordbotten, O. Stephen, A. N. Iwaniuk
Summary: Seasonally reproducing small mammals undergo changes in hippocampal neuron morphology and dendritic spine density, which may be influenced by activity levels, stress hormones, and photoperiod.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
P. Hayley, C. Tuchek, S. Dalla, J. Borrell, M. D. Murphy, R. J. Nudo, D. J. Guggenmos
Summary: This study aims to investigate the crosstalk between sensorimotor cortical areas and its relationship with recovery. The results suggest that even with damage to the primary motor cortex, sensory stimulation can still elicit neural activity in the motor cortex, and stimulation in the motor cortex can modulate the sensory response in the sensory cortex.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Tao Yang, Macy W. Veling, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Nicholas P. Prin, Limei Zhu, Ty Hergenreder, Hao Liu, Lu Liu, Zachary S. Rane, Masha G. Savelieff, Peter G. Fuerst, Qing Li, Kenneth Y. Kwan, Roman J. Giger, Yu Wang, Bing Ye
Summary: This study reveals the importance of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) in the migration of neurons during neocortex development. DSCAM is required for migrating neurons to bypass their predecessors and reach their final positions. The mechanism involves weakening cell adhesion mediated by N-cadherin.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denise E. Allen, Kevin C. Donohue, Cathryn R. Cadwell, David Shin, Matthew G. Keefe, Vikaas S. Sohal, Tomasz J. Nowakowski
Summary: The progenitors of the human neocortex are located in the ventricular and outer subventricular zones. This study demonstrates that astrocytes derived from these zones populate distinct layers and exhibit morphological and molecular differences.
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin Compans, Juan Burrone
Summary: Uncovering the wiring rules employed by neurons during development is challenging but important for neurodevelopmental disorders. Chandelier cells play a crucial role in the formation and plasticity of inhibitory synapses and recent data have provided insights into the molecules involved and the developmental plasticity of connections formed by Chandelier cells onto pyramidal cells.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ivan Banovac, Dora Sedmak, Milos Judas, Zdravko Petanjek
Summary: The work by von Economo in 1925 identified a specialized and unique cell type called von Economo neurons (VENs) in the human fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortex. These neurons have distinct somato-dendritic morphology and are abundant in the human brain, but more research is needed to understand their presence in other species. Cajal's earlier observations of similar cells have been overlooked in modern studies, highlighting the importance of further investigation into VENs.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Noemi Binini, Francesca Talpo, Paolo Spaiardi, Claudia Maniezzi, Matteo Pedrazzoli, Francesca Raffin, Niccolo Mattiello, Antonio N. Castagno, Sergio Masetto, Yuchio Yanagawa, Clayton T. Dickson, Stefano Ramat, Mauro Toselli, Gerardo Rosario Biella
Summary: The perirhinal cortex (PRC) acts as a gateway between cortical areas and hippocampus, with its neurons being able to amplify output signals and coordinate network activity in the brain through resonance. This resonance ability is crucial for information transmission and memory enhancement between neocortex and hippocampus.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mu-Chao Xia, Juan Guo, Yan Ding, Zi-Qi Shi, Fang Du, Kai Wang, Chang-Hong Miao, Chao Liang
Summary: This study used two-photon imaging to investigate the characteristics of consciousness under general anesthesia. The results suggest that dexmedetomidine anesthesia has unique neuronal properties associated with its ability to facilitate easy awakening.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lou Beaulieu-Laroche, Norma J. Brown, Marissa Hansen, Enrique H. S. Toloza, Jitendra Sharma, Ziv M. Williams, Matthew P. Frosch, Garth Rees Cosgrove, Sydney S. Cash, Mark T. Harnett
Summary: The size of neurons influences their input-output features, with different species showing conservative rules of adaptation and human neurons exhibiting atypical behavior in terms of potassium and HCN conductance.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlong Song, Emmanuelle Renoul, Stephanie Acord, Yvette R. Johnson, Warren Marks, George Alexandrakis, Christos Papadelis
Summary: Abnormal phase synchronizations were found within and between somatosensory areas in both hemispheres of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). The less-affected hemisphere showed diminished phase synchronizations after stimulus onset, while the more-affected hemisphere demonstrated enhanced phase synchronizations.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Madan Ghimire, Rui Cai, Lynne Ling, Kevin A. Brownell, Kurt W. Wisner, Brandon C. Cox, Troy A. Hackett, Thomas J. Brozoski, Donald M. Caspary
Summary: Tinnitus affects 10-20% of the population and there is currently no clinically accepted treatment. The study suggests that sazetidine-A and varenicline may serve as potential therapeutic agents for tinnitus by improving attentional resources and reducing the phantom sound.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Laura D. Reyes, Cheryl D. Stimpson, Kanika Gupta, Mary Ann Raghanti, Patrick R. Hof, Roger L. Reep, Chet C. Sherwood
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
Elizabeth B. Hutchinson, Mitali Chatterjee, Laura Reyes, Francis T. Djankpa, William G. Valiant, Bernard Dardzinski, Joseph J. Mattapallil, Carlo Pierpaoli, Sharon L. Juliano
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura D. Reyes, Thaddeus Haight, Abhishek Desai, Huazhen Chen, Asamoah Bosomtwi, Alexandru Korotcov, Bernard Dardzinski, Hee-Yong Kim, Carlo Pierpaoli
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Laura D. Reyes, Young Do Kim, Habon Issa, William D. Hopkins, Scott Mackey, Chet C. Sherwood
Summary: The parietal lobe is a region of significant change in human brain evolution, with differences observed between humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. Comparative analysis of the cytoarchitecture showed similarities between chimpanzees and macaques in IPL areas. This suggests homologous areas in the chimpanzee IPL.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)